{"id":53598,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:31","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:31","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3","title":{"rendered":"Izlazak paketnog filtra nftables 0.9.3","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=linux-netdev&#038;m=157532146517289&#038;w=2\">Objavljeno<\/a><\/noindex> izlazak paketskog filtera <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.3<\/a><\/noindex>, koji se razvija kao zamjena za iptables, ip6tables, arptables i ebtables ujedinjavaju\u0107i su\u010delja za filtriranje paketa za IPv4, IPv6, ARP i mre\u017ene mostove. Paket nftables uklju\u010duje komponente paketskog filtra koje rade u korisni\u010dkom prostoru, dok na razini jezgre rad osigurava podsustav nf_tables, koji je dio jezgre Linuxa od verzije 3.13. Potrebne promjene za rad verzije nftables 0.9.3 uklju\u010dene su u budu\u0107u granu jezgre Linux 5.5.<\/p>\n<p>Na razini jezgre osigurava se samo op\u0107e su\u010delje koje ne ovisi o odre\u0111enom protokolu i osigurava osnovne funkcije ekstrakcije podataka iz paketa, izvr\u0161avanje operacija s podacima i upravljanje tokom. Logika filtriranja i specifi\u010dni protokol handleri kompajliraju se u bajtkod u korisni\u010dkom prostoru, a zatim se taj bajtkod u\u010ditava u jezgru putem Netlink su\u010delja i izvr\u0161ava u posebnoj virtualnoj ma\u0161ini koja podsje\u0107a na BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Ovaj pristup zna\u010dajno smanjuje veli\u010dinu koda filtriranja koji radi na razini jezgre i premje\u0161ta sve funkcije analize pravila i logike rada s protokolima u korisni\u010dki prostor.<\/p>\n<p>Glavne novine:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podr\u0161ka za vremensko uskla\u0111ivanje paketa. Mogu se odrediti vremenski intervali i datumi u kojima \u0107e pravilo djelovati, kao i prilagoditi aktiviranje za odre\u0111ene dane u tjednu. Tako\u0111er, dodana je nova opcija &#171;-T&#187; za ispis vremenskog razdoblja u sekundama.\n<p>     meta vrijeme &#092;&#187;2019-12-24 16:00&#092;&#187; &#8212; &#092;&#187;2020-01-02 7:00&#092;&#187;<br \/>\n     meta sat &#092;&#187;17:00&#092;&#187; &#8212; &#092;&#187;19:00&#092;&#187;<br \/>\n     meta dan &#092;&#187;Pet&#092;&#187;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podr\u0161ka za vra\u0107anje i spremanje SELinux oznaka (secmark).\n<p>     ct secmark set meta secmark<br \/>\n     meta secmark set ct secmark<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podr\u0161ka za map-liste synproxy, omogu\u0107uju\u0107i definiranje vi\u0161e od jednog pravila za backend.\n<p>    table ip foo {<br \/>\n            synproxy https-synproxy {<br \/>\n                    mss 1460<br \/>\n                    wscale 7<br \/>\n                    timestamp sack-perm<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            synproxy other-synproxy {<br \/>\n                    mss 1460<br \/>\n                    wscale 5<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain pre {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook prerouting priority raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain bar {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    ct stanje neva\u017ee\u0107e, pra\u0107eno synproxy naziv ip saddr mapa { 192.168.1.0\/24 : &#171;https-synproxy&#187;, 192.168.2.0\/24 : &#171;other-synproxy&#187; }<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mogu\u0107nost dinami\u010dkog uklanjanja elemenata set-skupova iz pravila obrade paketa.\n<p>     nft dodaj pravilo &#8230; izbri\u0161i @set5 { ip6 saddr . ip6 daddr }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podr\u0161ka za uskla\u0111ivanje VLAN-a po identifikatoru i protokolu, definiranim u metapodacima su\u010delja mre\u017enog mosta;\n<p>        meta ibrpvid 100<br \/>\n        meta ibrvproto vlan<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Opcija &#171;-t&#187; (&#171;&#8212;terse&#187;) za isklju\u010divanje elemenata set-skupova prilikom prikazivanja pravila. Prilikom izvr\u0161avanja &#171;nft -t list ruleset&#187; bit \u0107e ispisano:\n<p>    tablica ip x {<br \/>\n        set y {<br \/>\n                tip ipv4_addr<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>A pri &#171;nft list ruleset&#187;<\/p>\n<p>    tablica ip x {<br \/>\n        set y {<br \/>\n                tip ipv4_addr<br \/>\n                elements = { 192.168.10.2, 192.168.20.1,<br \/>\n                             192.168.4.4, 192.168.2.34 }<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mogu\u0107nost navo\u0111enja vi\u0161e ure\u0111aja u netdev lancima (radi samo s kernelom 5.5) za kombiniranje standardnih pravila filtriranja.\n<p>     dodaj tablicu netdev x<br \/>\n     dodaj lanac netdev x y { &#092;<br \/>\n        tip filter hook ingress ure\u0111aji = { eth0, eth1 } prioritet 0;<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mogu\u0107nost dodavanja opisa tipova podataka.\n<p>    # nft describe ipv4_addr<br \/>\n    datatype ipv4_addr (IPv4 adresa) (basetype integer), 32 bita<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mogu\u0107nost sastavljanja CLI su\u010delja s bibliotekom linenoise umjesto libreadline.\n<p>     .\\\/configure &#8212;with-cli=linenoise<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51980\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.3, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta 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