{"id":53866,"date":"2019-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/plundervolt-novyj-metod-ataki-na-protsessory-intel-zatragivayushhij-tehnologiyu-sgx"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:48","slug":"plundervolt-novyj-metod-ataki-na-protsessory-intel-zatragivayushhij-tehnologiyu-sgx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/plundervolt-novyj-metod-ataki-na-protsessory-intel-zatragivayushhij-tehnologiyu-sgx","title":{"rendered":"Plundervolt \u2014 nova metoda napada na Intel procesore, koja se ti\u010de tehnologije SGX","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tvrtka Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/security-center\/advisory\/intel-sa-00317.html\">izdala<\/a><\/noindex> a\u017euriranje mikrokoda koje uklanja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/plundervolt.com\/\">ranljivost<\/a><\/noindex> (CVE-2019-14607), <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/plundervolt.com\/doc\/plundervolt.pdf\">omogu\u0107avaju\u0107i<\/a><\/noindex> kroz manipulacije mehanizmom dinami\u010dkog upravljanja naponom i frekvencijom u CPU-u inicirati o\u0161te\u0107enje sadr\u017eaja \u0107elija s podacima, uklju\u010duju\u0107i podru\u010dja koja se koriste prilikom izra\u010duna u izoliranim enclavima Intel SGX. Napad je nazvan Plundervolt i potencijalno omogu\u0107uje lokalnom korisniku da postigne pove\u0107anje privilegija u sustavu, izazove prekid usluge i dobije pristup povjerljivim podacima.<\/p>\n<p>Napad predstavlja opasnost samo u kontekstu manipulacija s izra\u010dunima u enclavima SGX, budu\u0107i da za provedbu zahtijeva prava root u sustavu. U najjednostavnijem slu\u010daju, napada\u010d mo\u017ee posti\u0107i iskrivljenje informacija obra\u0111enih u enclavu, no u slo\u017eenijim scenarijima ne isklju\u010duje se mogu\u0107nost ponovnog stvaranja povjerljivih klju\u010deva pohranjenih u enclavu, koji se koriste za \u0161ifriranje uz kori\u0161tenje algoritama RSA-CRT i AES-NI. Tehnika se tako\u0111er mo\u017ee primjenjivati za generiranje gre\u0161aka u izvorno ispravnim algoritmima kako bi se izazvale ranjivosti tijekom rada s memorijom, primjerice, za organizaciju pristupa podru\u010dju izvan dodijeljenog bafera.<br \/>\nPrototip koda za provedbu napada <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/KitMurdock\/plundervolt\">objavljeno<\/a><\/noindex> na GitHubu<\/p>\n<p>Bit metode je u stvaranju uvjeta za nastanak nepredvi\u0111enih iskrivljenja podataka tijekom izra\u010duna u SGX-u, od kojih za\u0161tita primjenom \u0161ifriranja i autentifikacije memorije u enclavu ne \u0161titi. Za iskrivljenje se ispostavilo da se mogu koristiti standardni programski interfejsi za upravljanje frekvencijom i naponom, obi\u010dno primjenjivani za smanjenje potro\u0161nje energije tijekom mirovanja sustava i aktiviranje maksimalne izvedbe tijekom intenzivnog rada. Karakteristike frekvencije i napona pokrivaju cijeli \u010dip, uklju\u010duju\u0107i utjecaj na izvr\u0161avanje izra\u010duna u izoliranom enclavu. <\/p>\n<p>Mijenjanjem napona mogu\u0107e je stvoriti uvjete u kojima je punjenje nedovoljno za regeneraciju \u0107elije memorije unutar CPU-a, \u0161to dovodi do promjene njezine vrijednosti. Klju\u010dna razlika od napada <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=41340\">RowHammer<\/a><\/noindex> je ono \u0161to RowHammer omogu\u0107ava da promijeni sadr\u017eaj pojedinih bitova u DRAM memoriji, \u010ditaju\u0107i podatke iz susjednih \u0107elija naizmjeni\u010dno, dok Plundervolt omogu\u0107ava promjenu bitova unutar CPU-a kada su podaci ve\u0107 u\u010ditani iz memorije za izvo\u0111enje prora\u010duna. Ova osobina omogu\u0107ava zaobila\u017eenje mehanizama kontrole integriteta i enkripcije podataka u memoriji koji se koriste u SGX-u, budu\u0107i da vrijednosti u memoriji ostaju ispravne, ali se mogu izobli\u010diti tokom operacija s njima, prije nego \u0161to se rezultat zapi\u0161e u memoriju.<\/p>\n<p>Ako se ova izmijenjena vrijednost koristi u procesu mno\u017eenja tokom enkripcije, rezultat \u0107e biti neto\u010dan \u0161ifrogram. Imaju\u0107i mogu\u0107nost pristupa handleru u SGX-u za enkripciju svojih podataka, napada\u010d mo\u017ee izazvati gre\u0161ke i prikupiti statistiku o promjeni \u0161ifrograma na izlazu, i za nekoliko minuta rekonstruirati vrijednost klju\u010da koji se \u010duva u enklavi. Izvorni tekst na ulazu i ispravni \u0161ifrogram na izlazu su poznati, klju\u010d se ne mijenja, a izlaz neto\u010dnog \u0161ifrograma ukazuje na izobli\u010denje nekog bita u suprotnu vrijednost. <\/p>\n<p>Analizom prikupljenih parova ispravnih i izobli\u010denih \u0161ifrograma tokom raznih gre\u0161aka, uz pomo\u0107 metoda diferencijalne analize gre\u0161aka (DFA, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2009\/575\">Diferencijalna analiza gre\u0161aka<\/a><\/noindex>) mo\u017ee se <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/KitMurdock\/plundervolt\/tree\/master\/sgx-aes\/dfa-aes-master\">predvidjeti<\/a><\/noindex> vjerojatni klju\u010devi koji se koriste za simetri\u010dnu enkripciju AES-a, a zatim, analiziraju\u0107i presijecanja klju\u010deva u razli\u010ditim skupovima, odrediti tra\u017eeni klju\u010d.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"In3B9L5Jyo4\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/In3B9L5Jyo4\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Pogledajte video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Razli\u010diti modeli Intel procesora su ranjivi, uklju\u010duju\u0107i Intel Core CPU od 6<br \/>\n do 10 generacije, kao i petu i \u0161estu generaciju Xeon E3, prvu i drugu generaciju Intel Xeon Scalable, Xeon D,<br \/>\nXeon W i Xeon E.<\/p>\n<p>Podsjetimo, tehnologija SGX (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_Guard_Extensions\">Pro\u0161irenja za za\u0161titu softvera<\/a><\/noindex>) uvedena je u procesore Intel Core \u0161este generacije (Skylake) i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=44667\">nudi<\/a><\/noindex> seriju uputa koja omogu\u0107ava aplikacijama korisni\u010dkog nivoa da izdvoje zatvorena podru\u010dja memorije &#8212; enklave, \u010diji sadr\u017eaj ne mo\u017ee biti pro\u010ditan ni promenjen \u010dak ni od strane jezgra i koda koji se izvr\u0161ava u re\u017eimima ring0, SMM i VMM. Predati kontrolu kodu u enklavi nije mogu\u0107e tradicionalnim funkcijama prelaska i manipulisanja registrima i stogom &#8212; za predaju kontrole u enklavu koristi se posebno stvorena nova instrukcija koja vr\u0161i provere ovla\u0161\u0107enja. Pri tome, kod sme\u0161ten u enklavu mo\u017ee koristiti klasi\u010dne metode poziva za pristup funkcijama unutar enklave i posebnu instrukciju za pozivanje spoljnih funkcija. Za za\u0161titu od hardverskih napada, kao \u0161to je povezivanje sa DRAM modulom, koristi se enkripcija memorije enklave.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52011\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (CVE-2019-14607), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432 CPU \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0435\u043a \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 Intel SGX. \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 Plundervolt, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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