{"id":53944,"date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-12T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/clickhouse-graphite-kak-znachitelno-umenshit-potreblyaemoe-mesto-na-diskah"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:53","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:53","slug":"clickhouse-graphite-kak-znachitelno-umenshit-potreblyaemoe-mesto-na-diskah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/clickhouse-graphite-kak-znachitelno-umenshit-potreblyaemoe-mesto-na-diskah","title":{"rendered":"ClickHouse + Graphite: kako zna\u010dajno smanjiti potro\u0161nju prostora na disku","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"ClickHouse + Graphite: kako zna\u010dajno smanjiti potro\u0161nju prostora na disku\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/5a2d19e6fea2a28d8d4aa9220653aefc.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pozdravljam vas, habr.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ako je netko eksploatirao sustav <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/graphite-project\/graphite-web\">graphite-web<\/a><\/noindex> i nai\u0161ao na probleme s performansama pohrane <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/graphite-project\/whisper\">whisper<\/a><\/noindex> (IO, zauzeto diskovno mjesto), tada bi \u0161ansa da pogleda ClickHouse kao zamjenu trebala te\u017eiti jedinici. Ova tvrdnja podrazumijeva da je kao mjera\u010d metrika ve\u0107 kori\u0161tena tre\u0107a strana, na primjer <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/grobian\/carbonwriter\">carbonwriter<\/a><\/noindex> ili <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/go-graphite\/go-carbon\">go-carbon<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>ClickHouse dobro rje\u0161ava opisane probleme. Na primjer, nakon migracije 2TiB podataka iz whispera, oni su stali u 300GiB. Ne\u0107u se zadr\u017eavati na usporedbi, ima dovoljno \u010dlanaka na tu temu. Osim toga, do nedavno nije sve bilo idealno s na\u0161im ClickHouse skladi\u0161tem.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"problemy-s-potreblyaemym-mestom\">Problemi s zauzetim mjestom<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na prvi pogled, sve bi trebalo raditi dobro. Slijede\u0107i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clickhouse.yandex\/docs\/ru\/operations\/table_engines\/graphitemergetree\/#primer-konfiguratsii\">dokumentaciju<\/a><\/noindex>, kreiramo konfiguraciju za shemu pohrane metrika (dalje <code>retention<\/code>), zatim kreiramo tablicu prema preporuci odabranog backend-a za graphite-web: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lomik\/carbon-clickhouse\">carbon-clickhouse<\/a><\/noindex>+<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lomik\/graphite-clickhouse\">graphite-clickhouse<\/a><\/noindex> ili <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ClickHouse\/graphouse\">graphouse<\/a><\/noindex>, ovisno o tome koji se skup koristi. I... aktivira se vrijeme odmaka.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Da bismo razumjeli koja, trebamo znati kako funkcioniraju umetanja i daljnji \u017eivotni put podataka u tablicama motora *<em>MergeTree<\/em> ClickHouse (dijagrami preuzeti iz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PLMSA_gDdyM\">prezentacije<\/a><\/noindex> Alekseja Zatelepin):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Umetanje <code>bloka<\/code> podataka. U na\u0161em slu\u010daju to su stigle metrike.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"ClickHouse + Graphite: kako zna\u010dajno smanjiti potro\u0161nju prostora na disku\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/b60d482acca3c8d187d394f58a2d8a16.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Svaki takav blok se sortira prema klju\u010du <code>ORDER BY<\/code>, navedenom prilikom kreiranja tablice.<\/li>\n<li>Nakon sortiranja, <code>komad<\/code> (<code>part<\/code>) podataka se zapisuje na disk.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"ClickHouse + Graphite: kako zna\u010dajno smanjiti potro\u0161nju prostora na disku\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a54903b8efa0866d24da303fa7a68134.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Poslu\u017eitelj u pozadini prati da takvih komada ne bude previ\u0161e i pokre\u0107e pozadinske <code>spajanja<\/code> (<code>merge<\/code>, zatim se obavljaju mergenja.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"ClickHouse + Graphite: kako zna\u010dajno smanjiti potro\u0161nju prostora na disku\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/151c18c7b73ebc4097493b13a2e26765.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"ClickHouse + Graphite: kako zna\u010dajno smanjiti potro\u0161nju prostora na disku\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/1921908554981eca0847541f77a15790.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Poslu\u017eitelj prestaje automatski pokretati mergenje \u010dim podaci prestanu aktivno dolaziti u <code>particiju<\/code> (<code>partition<\/code>), ali proces se mo\u017ee pokrenuti ru\u010dno naredbom <code>OPTIMIZE<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>Ako u particiji ostane samo jedan komad, ru\u010dno pokretanje mergenja ne\u0107e biti mogu\u0107e, potrebno je koristiti <code>OPTIMIZE ... FINAL<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dakle, dolaze prve metrike. I one zauzimaju odre\u0111eni prostor. Sljede\u0107i doga\u0111aji mogu se malo razlikovati ovisno o mnogim faktorima:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Klju\u010d particioniranja mo\u017ee biti vrlo mali (dan) ili vrlo velik (nekoliko mjeseci).<\/li>\n<li>Konfiguracija retenzije mo\u017ee sadr\u017eavati nekoliko zna\u010dajnih pragova agregacije podataka unutar aktivne particije (gdje se pi\u0161u metrike), ili ne mora.<\/li>\n<li>Ako ima jako mnogo podataka, najraniji dijelovi, koji mogu biti ogromni zbog pozadinskih spajanja (pri izboru neoptimalnog klju\u010da particioniranja), ne\u0107e se spojiti sa novim malim dijelovima.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I sve uvijek zavr\u0161ava na isti na\u010din. Prostor koji zauzimaju metrike u ClickHouse samo raste ako:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ne primjenjujete <code>OPTIMIZE ... FINAL<\/code> ru\u010dno ili<\/li>\n<li>ne umetnete podatke u sve particije na stalnoj osnovi, kako biste ranije ili kasnije pokrenuli pozadinsko spajanje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Drugi na\u010din \u010dini se najjednostavnijim za implementaciju i, stoga, on je pogre\u0161an i isproban prije svega.<br \/>\nNapisao sam dovoljno jednostavan skript na Pythonu koji je slao la\u017ene metrike za svaki dan u protekle 4 godine i pokretao se svaki sat putem krona.<br \/>\nBudu\u0107i da je sav rad ClickHouse DBMS-a izgra\u0111en na tome da \u0107e ovaj sustav ranije ili kasnije obaviti sav pozadinski rad, ali nije poznato kada, nisam uspio do\u010dekati trenutak kada \u0107e stari ogromni dijelovi po\u010deti spajati s novim malim. Postalo je jasno da trebam potra\u017eiti na\u010din za automatizaciju prisilnih optimizacija.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"ClickHouse + Graphite: kako zna\u010dajno smanjiti potro\u0161nju prostora na disku\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/60b0354cb65dcba6e8402b67261041ff.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"informaciya-v-sistemnyh-tablicah-clickhouse\">Informacije u sistemskim tablicama ClickHouse<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pogledajmo strukturu tablice <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clickhouse.yandex\/docs\/ru\/operations\/system_tables\/#system_tables-parts\">system.parts<\/a><\/noindex>. Ovo je iscrpna informacija o svakom dijelu svih tablica na serveru ClickHouse. Sadr\u017ei, izme\u0111u ostalog, sljede\u0107e stupce:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ime Baze podataka (<code>database<\/code>);<\/li>\n<li>ime tablice (<code>table<\/code>);<\/li>\n<li>ime i ID particije (<code>partition<\/code> &amp; <code>partition_id<\/code>);<\/li>\n<li>kada je dio stvoren (<code>modification_time<\/code>);<\/li>\n<li>minimalni i maksimalni datum u dijelu (particioniranje ide po danima) (<code>min_date<\/code> &amp; <code>max_date<\/code>);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tako\u0111er postoji tablica <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clickhouse.yandex\/docs\/ru\/operations\/system_tables\/#system-graphite-retentions\">system.graphite_retentions<\/a><\/noindex>, sa sljede\u0107im zanimljivim poljima:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ime Baze podataka (<code>Tables.database<\/code>);<\/li>\n<li>ime tablice (<code>Tables.table<\/code>);<\/li>\n<li>starost metrike kada bi sljede\u0107a agregacija trebala biti primijenjena (<code>age<\/code>);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dakle:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Imamo tablicu dijelova i tablicu pravila agregacije.<\/li>\n<li>Kombiniramo njihov presjek i dobivamo sve tablice *GraphiteMergeTree.<\/li>\n<li>Tra\u017eimo sve particije u kojima:\n<ul>\n<li>ima vi\u0161e od jednog dijela<\/li>\n<li>ili je do\u0161lo vrijeme za primjenu sljede\u0107eg pravila agregacije, i <code>modification_time<\/code> stariji su od tog trenutka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"realizaciya\">Implementacija<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Ovaj upit<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\">ODABERITE\n    concat(p.database, '.', p.table) AS table,\n    p.partition_id AS partition_id,\n    p.partition AS partition,\n    -- Najstarije pravilo koje se mo\u017ee primijeniti za\n    -- particiju, ali ne i u budu\u0107nosti, sm (*)\n    max(g.age) AS age,\n    -- Broj dijelova u particiji\n    countDistinct(p.name) AS parts,\n    -- Najstarija metrika u particiji se smatra 00:00:00 sljede\u0107eg dana\n    toDateTime(max(p.max_date + 1)) AS max_time,\n    -- Kada bi particija trebala biti optimizirana\n    max_time + age AS rollup_time,\n    -- Kada je najstariji dio u particiji a\u017euriran\n    min(p.modification_time) AS modified_at\nIZ sustava.parts AS p\nUNUTAR JE\n(\n    -- Sva pravila za sve tablice *GraphiteMergeTree\n    ODABERITE\n        Tables.database AS database,\n        Tables.table AS table,\n        age\n    IZ sustava.graphite_retentions\n    ARRAY JOIN Tables\n    GRUPIRAJ PREMA\n        database,\n        table,\n        age\n) AS g ON\n    (p.table = g.table)\n    I (p.database = g.database)\nGDE\n    -- Samo aktivni dijelovi\n    p.active\n    -- (*) I samo redovi gdje pravila agregacije ve\u0107 trebaju biti primijenjena\n    I ((toDateTime(p.max_date + 1) + g.age) &lt; now())\nGRUPIRAJ PREMA\n    table,\n    partition\nIMAJU\u0106I NA UMU\n    -- Samo particije koje su mla\u0111e od trenutka optimizacije\n    (modified_at  1)\nPOREDAJ\n    table ASC,\n    partition ASC,\n    age ASC<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>vra\u0107a svaku od particija tablica *GraphiteMergeTree, \u010diji bi spoj trebao dovesti do osloba\u0111anja diskovnog prostora. Ostalo je samo pro\u0107i kroz njih s upitom <code>OPTIMIZE ... FINAL<\/code>. U kona\u010dnoj realizaciji tako\u0111er je uzet u obzir taj moment da se particije s aktivnim zapisom ne trebaju dodirivati.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Upravo to \u010dini projekt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/innogames\/graphite-ch-optimizer\">graphite-ch-optimizer<\/a><\/noindex>. Biv\u0161i kolege iz Yandex.Market su ga testirali u produkciji, rezultat rada mo\u017eete vidjeti dolje. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"ClickHouse + Graphite: kako zna\u010dajno smanjiti potro\u0161nju prostora na disku\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/858dcbf538135d8d57964a71b2b6ca23.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ako pokrenete program na serveru s ClickHouse, jednostavno \u0107e po\u010deti raditi u re\u017eimu demona. Svakih sat vremena \u0107e se izvr\u0161avati upit, provjeravaju\u0107i jesu li se pojavile nove particije starije od tri dana koje je mogu\u0107e optimizirati.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U bliskim planovima \u2014 pru\u017eiti, barem, deb pakete, a ako je mogu\u0107e \u2014 i rpm.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"vmesto-zaklyucheniya\">Umjesto zaklju\u010dka<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U proteklih 9 i vi\u0161e mjeseci unutar svoje kompanije <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.innogames.com\/ru\/\">InnoGames<\/a><\/noindex> provela sam mnogo vremena, rade\u0107i na spoju ClickHouse i graphite-web. To je bilo dobro iskustvo, a rezultat svih radova omogu\u0107ava brzi prelazak s whisper na ClickHouse kao skladi\u0161te metrika. Nadam se da je ovaj \u010dlanak inicijalna to\u010dka ciklusa o tome koje su promjene unesene u razli\u010dite dijelove ovog stoga i \u0161to \u0107e biti u\u010dinjeno u budu\u0107nosti.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na izradu upita potro\u0161eno je nekoliko litara piva i admin-dana zajedno s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/v0devil\/\" class=\"user_link\">v0devil<\/a><\/noindex>, za \u0161to mu \u017eelim izraziti svoju zahvalnost. Tako\u0111er i za recenziranje ovog \u010dlanka.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/innogames\/graphite-ch-optimizer\">Stranica projekta na githubu<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/479564\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e, habr. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 graphite-web \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 whisper (IO, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e), \u0442\u043e \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u043d\u0430 ClickHouse \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 carbonwriter \u0438\u043b\u0438 go-carbon. ClickHouse \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\".\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/clickhouse-graphite-kak-znachitelno-umenshit-potreblyaemoe-mesto-na-diskah\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta 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