{"id":54228,"date":"2019-12-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-20T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/gde-i-kak-primenyayutsya-granichnye-servery"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:13","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:13","slug":"gde-i-kak-primenyayutsya-granichnye-servery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gde-i-kak-primenyayutsya-granichnye-servery","title":{"rendered":"Gdje i kako se koriste edge serveri","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gdje i kako se koriste edge serveri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c4f3df5c9efe4875512386e5519340a5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPri razvijanju mre\u017ene infrastrukture obi\u010dno se razmatraju ili lokalna ra\u010dunala ili obla\u010dna. Me\u0111utim, ova dva izbora i njihove kombinacije su nedovoljne. Na primjer, \u0161to u\u010diniti ako se ne mo\u017ee odustati od obradnih kapaciteta u oblaku, a propusnost nije dovoljna ili su tro\u0161kovi prometa previsoki?<\/p>\n<p>Dodajte me\u0111u\u010dlan koji \u0107e izvr\u0161iti dio izra\u010duna na granici lokalne mre\u017ee ili proizvodnog procesa. Ova perifernijska koncepcija naziva se Edge Computing \u2014 \u201egrani\u010dna ra\u010dunala\u201c. Ova koncepcija dopunjuje trenutni obla\u010dni model kori\u0161tenja podataka, a u ovom \u0107emo \u010dlanku razmotriti potrebnu opremu i primjere zadataka za nju.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Razine edge computing-a<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gdje i kako se koriste edge serveri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/3e7668732a316af6c36afb3d8b946607.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPretpostavimo da u svom domu imate puno senzora: termometar, higrometar, senzor svjetlosti, detektor propu\u0161tanja i sli\u010dno. Logi\u010dki kontroler obra\u0111uje informacije koje od njih dolaze, provodi scenarije automatizacije, \u0161alje obra\u0111enu telemetriju obla\u010dnom servisu i prima od njega a\u017eurirane scenarije automatizacije i nove firmware. Tako se izravno na objektu izvode lokalni izra\u010duni, ali oprema se kontrolira iz \u010dvora koji okuplja mnoge takve ure\u0111aje.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ovo je primjer vrlo jednostavnog sustava grani\u010dnog ra\u010dunalstva, ali ve\u0107 su vidljive sve tri razine edge computing-a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IoT ure\u0111aji: generiraju \u201esirove podatke\u201c i \u0161alju ih putem raznih protokola.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Periferni \u010dvorovi: obra\u0111uju podatke u neposrednoj blizini izvora informacija i djeluju kao privremena skladi\u0161ta podataka.<\/li>\n<li>Obla\u010dne usluge: nude funkcije upravljanja za periferne i IoT ure\u0111aje, izvode dugoro\u010dno skladi\u0161tenje i analizu podataka. Osim toga, podr\u017eavaju integraciju s drugim korporativnim sustavima.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSama koncepcija Edge computing-a dio je velike ekosustava koja optimizira tehnolo\u0161ki proces. Uklju\u010duje i hardverski (rack i grani\u010dni serveri), kao i mre\u017eni i softverski dio (na primjer, platforma<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/atos.net\/ru\/russia\/products\/codex-ai-suite\"> Codex AI Suite<\/a><\/noindex> za razvoj AI algoritama). Kako bi se izbjeglo stvaranje \u201euske grla\u201c tijekom stvaranja, prijenosa i obrade \u201evelikih podataka\u201c te ograni\u010denje performansi cijelog sustava, ove komponente moraju biti me\u0111usobno kompatibilne.<\/p>\n<h2>Zna\u010dajke rubnih poslu\u017eitelja<\/h2>\n<p>\nNa razini perifernih \u010dvorova u Edge Computingu koriste se rubni poslu\u017eitelji, koji se postavljaju izravno tamo gdje se generira informacija. Obi\u010dno se radi o proizvodnim ili tehni\u010dkim prostorima gdje nije mogu\u0107e instalirati poslu\u017eiteljsku staju i osigurati \u010disto\u0107u. Tako rubni poslu\u017eitelji dolaze u kompaktno dizajniranim ku\u0107i\u0161tima otpornim na pra\u0161inu i vlagu s pro\u0161irenim temperaturnim rasponom, a ne mogu se postaviti u staju. Da, takav poslu\u017eitelj mo\u017ee mirno visjeti na dvostranoj ljepljivoj traci negdje ispod stepenica ili u skladi\u0161tu.<\/p>\n<p>Budu\u0107i da se rubni poslu\u017eitelji postavljaju izvan za\u0161ti\u0107enih podatkovnih centara, imaju ve\u0107e zahtjeve za fizi\u010dku sigurnost. Za njih se osiguravaju za\u0161titni kontejneri:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gdje i kako se koriste edge serveri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e38f5460732cf0c44702e4e3dbcd97cc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa razini obrade podataka rubni poslu\u017eitelji predvi\u0111aju enkripciju diskova i za\u0161titu od u\u010ditavanja. Sama enkripcija oduzima 2-3% ra\u010dunalne mo\u0107i, ali se u rubnim poslu\u017eiteljima obi\u010dno koriste Xeon D procesori s ugra\u0111enim modulom za ubrzanje AES-a, \u0161to minimizira gubitke u mo\u0107i.<\/p>\n<h2>Kada se koriste rubni poslu\u017eitelji<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gdje i kako se koriste edge serveri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a5724cef018cb5478f3a77be3ac97847.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKod Edge Computinga u podatkovni centar dolaze na obradu samo oni podaci koje nije mogu\u0107e ili nije racionalno obraditi na drugi na\u010din. Tako se rubni poslu\u017eitelji koriste kada je potrebno:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fleksibilan pristup sigurnosti, jer u slu\u010daju Edge Computinga mo\u017eete unaprijed postaviti prijenos obra\u0111enih i pripremljenih informacija u sredi\u0161nji podatkovni centar;\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<li>Za\u0161tita od gubitka podataka, jer \u0107e lokalni \u010dvorovi akumulirati informacije u slu\u010daju gubitka veze s centrom;\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<li>U\u0161teda tro\u0161kova prometa, koja se posti\u017ee obradom glavnog skupa informacija na licu mjesta.\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Edge computing za u\u0161tedu prometa<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gdje i kako se koriste edge serveri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e0a85558ced9a87776423cba06659bda.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDanska kompanija Maersk \u2014 jedan od vode\u0107ih svjetskih pru\u017eatelja pomorskog teretnog prijevoza \u2014 odlu\u010dila je smanjiti potro\u0161nju goriva svojih brodova i smanjiti emisiju zaga\u0111iva\u010da u atmosferu.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Za rje\u0161enje ovog problema kori\u0161tena je tehnologija <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/new.siemens.com\/global\/en\/markets\/marine\/innovations.html\">Siemens EcoMain Suite<\/a><\/noindex>, senzori na motorima i glavnim \u010dvorovima broda, kao i lokalni poslu\u017eitelj BullSequana Edge za ra\u010dunalstvo \u201ena licu mjesta\u201d.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Zahvaljuju\u0107i senzorima, sustav EcoMain Suite neprekidno prati stanje kriti\u010dnih dijelova broda i njihova odstupanja od unaprijed izra\u010dunate norme. To omogu\u0107ava brzu dijagnostiku kvarova i njihovo lociranje do problemati\u010dnog dijela. Po\u0161to se telemetrija neprekidno \u0161alje \"u centar\", servisni tehni\u010dar mo\u017ee provesti analizu na daljinu i dati preporuke posadi. A glavno pitanje ovdje je \u2014 koliko podataka i u kojem obimu prenositi u sredi\u0161nji podatkovni centar.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Budu\u0107i da je povezivanje jeftinog \u017ei\u010dnog interneta na morski kontejnerski brod prili\u010dno problemati\u010dno, prijenos velikog broja sirovih podataka na sredi\u0161nji poslu\u017eitelj postaje preskup. Na sredi\u0161njem poslu\u017eitelju BullSequana S200 izra\u010dunava se ukupni logi\u010dki model broda, a obrada podataka i neposredno upravljanje preba\u010deno je na lokalni poslu\u017eitelj. Kao rezultat, implementacija ovog sustava isplatila se za tri mjeseca.<\/p>\n<h2>Edge computing za u\u0161tedu resursa<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gdje i kako se koriste edge serveri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0ea8fb0bccf0cdb79ef23e1346876884.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJo\u0161 jedan primjer grani\u010dnih ra\u010dunalnih operacija je videoanalitika. Tako, kod proizvo\u0111a\u010da opreme za tehni\u010dke plinove Air Liquide, jedna od lokalnih zada\u0107a proizvodnog ciklusa je kontrola kvalitete bojenja plinskih boca. Ona se provodila ru\u010dno i trajala je otprilike 7 minuta po boci.<\/p>\n<p>Kako bi se ubrzao ovaj proces, \u010dovjeka je zamijenila jedinica od 7 visokorezolucionih kamera. Kamere snimaju bocu s nekoliko strana, generiraju\u0107i oko 1 GB videa u minuti. Video se \u0161alje na grani\u010dni poslu\u017eitelj BullSequana Edge s Nvidia T4 ugra\u0111enim, na kojem neuronjska mre\u017ea obu\u010dena za prepoznavanje kvarova analizira streaming u stvarnom vremenu. Kao rezultat, prosje\u010dno vrijeme pregleda smanjeno je s nekoliko minuta na nekoliko sekundi.<\/p>\n<h2>Edge computing u analitici<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gdje i kako se koriste edge serveri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/469c0b33b65da66cc3f5ecac3dcb1bb8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAtrakcije u Disneylandu nisu samo zabava, ve\u0107 i slo\u017een tehni\u010dki objekt. Tako je na \"Ameri\u010dkoj  planini\" instalirano oko 800 razli\u010ditih senzora. Oni neprekidno \u0161alju podatke o radu atrakcije na poslu\u017eitelj, a lokalni poslu\u017eitelj obra\u0111uje te podatke, izra\u010dunava vjerojatnost kvara atrakcije i signalizira to sredi\u0161njem podatkovnom centru.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Na temelju ovih podataka odre\u0111uje se vjerojatnost tehni\u010dkog kvara i pokre\u0107e se preventivno odr\u017eavanje. Atrakcija nastavlja raditi do kraja radnog dana, dok je ve\u0107 izdan nalog za popravak, a radnici brzo saniraju atrakciju no\u0107u.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>BullSequana Edge\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gdje i kako se koriste edge serveri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/72006ca009c56e573453bf2fa0189b14.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nServeri BullSequana Edge dio su velike infrastrukture za rad s \"velikim podacima\", ve\u0107 su testirani s platformama Microsoft Azure i Siemens MindSphere, VMware WSX i imaju certifikate NVidia NGC\/EGX. Ovi serveri su posebno dizajnirani za rubna ra\u010dunalstva i dolaze u U2 faktorima oblika, dostupni su za standardne rack instalacije, monta\u017eu na DIN-rail, zid i u podnom obliku.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>BullSequana Edge su izra\u0111eni na mati\u010dnoj plo\u010di vlastitog dizajna i procesoru Intel Xeon D-2187NT. Podr\u017eavaju do 512 GB RAM-a, 2 SSD-a po 960 GB ili 2 HDD-a po 8 ili 14 TB. Tako\u0111er, mogu\u0107e je instalirati 2 GPU Nvidia T4 od 16 GB za rad s videom; Wi-Fi, LoRaWAN i 4G moduli; do 2 10-gigabits SFP modula. U samim serverima ve\u0107 je ugra\u0111en senzor za otvaranje poklopca, koji je povezan s BMC-om, upravlja\u010dkim modulom IPMI. Mo\u017ee se postaviti na automatsko isklju\u010divanje napajanja kada se senzor aktivira.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Potpune tehni\u010dke specifikacije servera BullSequana Edge mo\u017eete prona\u0107i na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/atos.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/BullSequana-Edge.pdf\">vezi<\/a><\/noindex>. Ako vas zanimaju detalji, rado \u0107emo odgovoriti na va\u0161a pitanja u komentarima.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/bull\/blog\/481120\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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