{"id":56034,"date":"2020-02-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/proekt-tfc-razvivaet-paranoidalno-zashhishhyonnuyu-sistemu-obmena-soobshheniyami"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:04:12","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:04:12","slug":"proekt-tfc-razvivaet-paranoidalno-zashhishhyonnuyu-sistemu-obmena-soobshheniyami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/proekt-tfc-razvivaet-paranoidalno-zashhishhyonnuyu-sistemu-obmena-soobshheniyami","title":{"rendered":"Projekt TFC razvija paranoi\u010dno za\u0161ti\u0107en sustav razmjene poruka","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

U okviru projekta TFC<\/a><\/noindex> (Tinfoil Chat) poduzet je poku\u0161aj izrade prototipa paranoi\u010dno za\u0161ti\u0107enog sustava za razmjenu poruka koji bi \u010duvao tajnost komunikacije \u010dak i u slu\u010daju kompromitacije krajnjih ure\u0111aja. Kako bi se olak\u0161ala revizija, kod projekta napisan je na jeziku Python i dostupan<\/a><\/noindex> pod GPLv3 licencom.<\/p>\n

Danas ra\u0161ireni sustavi za razmjenu poruka koji koriste end-to-end enkripciju za\u0161titili su komunikaciju od presretanja na posredni\u010dkim poslu\u017eiteljima i od analize prijenosnog prometa, ali ne \u0161tite od problema na strani klijentskog ure\u0111aja. Za kompromitiranje sustava temeljenih na end-to-end enkripciji dovoljno je kompromitirati operativni sustav, firmware ili aplikaciju za razmjenu poruka na krajnjem ure\u0111aju, primjerice, eksploatacijom ranjivosti prethodno nepoznatih, ranijim umetanjima softverskih ili hardverskih zaklada u ure\u0111aj ili putem dostave la\u017enog a\u017euriranja s backdoorom (primjerice, pod pritiskom agencija za provo\u0111enje zakona ili kriminalnih grupa). \u010cak i ako su klju\u010devi za enkripciju pohranjeni na zasebnom tokenu, uz kontrolu nad korisni\u010dkim sustavom uvijek postoji mogu\u0107nost pra\u0107enja procesa, presretanja podataka s tipkovnice i pra\u0107enja ispisa na ekranu.<\/p>\n

TFC nudi softversko-hardverski kompleks koji zahtijeva kori\u0161tenje tri odvojena ra\u010dunala i posebnog hardverskog splitter-a na strani klijenta. Sav promet tijekom interakcije sudionika u razmjeni poruka prenosi se putem anonimne mre\u017ee Tor, a programi za razmjenu poruka izvr\u0161eni su u obliku skrivenih Tor usluga (korisnici se identificiraju prema adresama skrivenih usluga i klju\u010devima). <\/p>\n

\"Projekt<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Prvo ra\u010dunalo slu\u017ei kao gateway za povezivanje s mre\u017eom i pokretanje skrivene Tor usluge. Gateway manipulira samo ve\u0107 enkriptiranim podacima, dok se za enkripciju i dekripciju koriste preostala dva ra\u010dunala. Drugo ra\u010dunalo mo\u017ee se koristiti samo za dekripciju i prikaz primljenih poruka, a tre\u0107e samo za enkripciju i slanje novih poruka. Prema tome, drugo ra\u010dunalo ima samo klju\u010deve za dekripciju, a tre\u0107e samo klju\u010deve za enkripciju. <\/p>\n

Drugi i tre\u0107i ra\u010dunalni sustavi nemaju izravnu vezu s mre\u017eom i odvojeni su od ra\u010dunalnog gateway-a pomo\u0107u posebnog USB razdjelnika koji koristi princip «dioda podataka<\/a><\/noindex>» i propu\u0161ta podatke fizi\u010dki samo u jednom smjeru. Razdjelnik dopu\u0161ta samo slanje podataka prema drugom ra\u010dunalu i samo primanje podataka od tre\u0107eg ra\u010dunala. Smjer podataka u razdjelniku ograni\u010den je pomo\u0107u optronova<\/a><\/noindex> (obi\u010dni prekid linija Tx i Rx u kabelu nije dovoljan, jer prekid ne isklju\u010duje prijenos podataka u suprotnom smjeru i ne jam\u010di da linija Tx ne\u0107e biti kori\u0161tena za \u010ditanje, a Rx za slanje). Splitter se mo\u017ee sastaviti od dostupnih komponenti, sheme su prilo\u017eene<\/a><\/noindex> (PCB<\/a><\/noindex>) i dostupne su pod licencom GNU FDL 1.3. <\/p>\n

\"Projekt<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Uz ovakvu shemu, kompromitacija gatewaya ne\u0107e dopustiti<\/a><\/noindex> omogu\u0107it \u0107e pristup klju\u010devima za \u0161ifriranje i ne\u0107e omogu\u0107iti nastavak napada na preostala ure\u0111aja. U slu\u010daju kompromitacije ra\u010dunala, na kojem su pohranjeni klju\u010devi za de\u0161ifriranje, informacije s njega ne\u0107e mo\u0107i biti prenesene u vanjski svijet, jer je protok podataka ograni\u010den samo na primanje informacija, a povratni prijenos blokira dioda podataka.<\/p>\n

\"Projekt<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

\u0160ifriranje je izvedeno na temelju 256-bitnih klju\u010deva na XChaCha20-Poly1305, a za za\u0161titu klju\u010deva uporabom je spora he\u0161 funkcija Argon2id<\/a><\/noindex>. Za razmjenu klju\u010deva koristi se X448<\/a><\/noindex> (protokol Diffie — Hellman na bazi Curve448) ili PSK-klju\u010deva (pre-shared<\/a><\/noindex>). Svaka poruka se prenosi u re\u017eimu savr\u0161ene neposredne tajnosti (PFS, Perfect Forward Secrecy<\/a><\/noindex>) na bazi hash funkcija Blake2b, pri \u010demu kompromitacija jednog od dugotrajnih klju\u010deva ne omogu\u0107ava dekodiranje ranije presretnutog sesije. Su\u010delje aplikacije je izuzetno jednostavno i uklju\u010duje prozor podijeljen u tri podru\u010dja — slanje, primanje i naredbeni redak s logom interakcije sa gateway-em. Upravljanje se vr\u0161i putem posebnog skupa komandi<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"Projekt<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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