{"id":71895,"date":"2020-02-29T08:54:01","date_gmt":"2020-02-29T05:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/klasterizacziya-v-proxmox-ve"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:14:07","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:14:07","slug":"klasterizacziya-v-proxmox-ve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/klasterizacziya-v-proxmox-ve","title":{"rendered":"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/041268b9d5304cdae5a984f07a2fa029.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nU prethodnim \u010dlancima po\u010deli smo govoriti o tome \u0161to je Proxmox VE i kako on funkcioni\u0161e. Danas \u0107emo pri\u010dati o tome kako iskoristiti mogu\u0107nost klasterizacije i pokazati koje prednosti to donosi.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u0160to je zapravo klaster i za\u0161to je potreban? Klaster (od eng. cluster) je grupa servera povezanih brzim komunikacionim kanalima, koja radi i predstavlja se korisniku kao jedinstvena celina. Postoji nekoliko osnovnih scenarija kori\u0161\u0107enja klastera:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Osiguranje otpornosti na gre\u0161ke<\/b> (High-availability).<\/li>\n<li><b>Upravljanje optere\u0107enjem<\/b> (Load Balancing).<\/li>\n<li><b>Pove\u0107anje performansi<\/b> (High Performance).<\/li>\n<li><b>Izvr\u0161avanje distribuiranih prora\u010duna<\/b> (Distributed computing).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSvaki scenario postavlja svoje vlastite zahteve za komponente klastera. Na primer, za klaster koji izvr\u0161ava distribuirane prora\u010dune, osnovni zahtev je visoka brzina izvr\u0161avanja operacija sa pokretnom ta\u010dkom i niska latencija mre\u017ee. Takvi klasteri se \u010desto koriste u nau\u010dno-istra\u017eiva\u010dke svrhe.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u0161to smo se dotakli teme distribuiranih prora\u010duna, valja napomenuti da postoji i pojam <b>grid-sistema<\/b> (od eng. grid \u2014 re\u0161etka, mre\u017ea). Iako postoje sli\u010dnosti, ne treba brkati grid-sistem i klaster. Grid nije klaster u uobi\u010dajenom smislu. Za razliku od klastera, \u010dvorovi koji \u010dine grid su naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e heterogeni i imaju nisku dostupnost. Ovaj pristup olak\u0161ava re\u0161avanje zadataka distribuiranih prora\u010duna, ali ne omogu\u0107ava stvaranje jedinstvene jedinice od \u010dvorova.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Svetli primer grid-sistema je popularna ra\u010dunarska platforma <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/boinc.berkeley.edu\/\">BOINC<\/a><\/noindex> (Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing). Ova platforma je prvobitno kreirana za projekat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu\/\">SETI@home<\/a><\/noindex> (Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence at Home), koji se bavi problemom tra\u017eenja vanzemaljskog \u017eivota putem analize radio signala.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Kako to funkcionira<\/b>Ogroman skup podataka dobijenih sa radiotelescopa razbija se na mnogo malih delova, koji se \u0161alju na \u010dvorove grid-sistema (u projektu SETI@home ulogu takvih \u010dvorova igraju ra\u010dunari volontera). Podaci se obra\u0111uju na \u010dvorovima i nakon zavr\u0161etka obrade \u0161alju se na centralni server projekta SETI. Na taj na\u010din projekat re\u0161ava slo\u017een globalni problem, ne poseduju\u0107i potrebne ra\u010dunarske resurse.<\/p>\n<p>Sada kada imamo jasno razumijevanje \u0161to je klaster, razmotrit \u0107emo kako ga mo\u017eemo stvoriti i koristiti. Koristit \u0107emo sustav virtualizacije s otvorenim izvorom <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.proxmox.com\/en\/proxmox-ve\">Proxmox VE<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Posebno je va\u017eno prije nego \u0161to zapo\u010dnemo s izradom klastera jasno razumjeti ograni\u010denja i sustavne zahtjeve Proxmoxa, a to su:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>maksimalni broj \u010dvorova u klasteru \u2014 <b>32<\/b>;<\/li>\n<li>svi \u010dvorovi moraju imati <b>istovjetnu verziju Proxmoxa<\/b> (ima iznimaka, ali se ne preporu\u010duju za produkciju);<\/li>\n<li>ako se planira koristiti funkcionalnost visoke dostupnosti, klaster mora sadr\u017eavati <b>najmanje 3 \u010dvora<\/b>;<\/li>\n<li>za me\u0111usobnu komunikaciju \u010dvorova moraju biti otvorene portove <b>UDP\/5404<\/b>, <b>UDP\/5405<\/b> za corosync i <b>TCP\/22<\/b> za SSH;<\/li>\n<li>odgoda u mre\u017ei izme\u0111u \u010dvorova ne smije prelaziti <b>2 ms<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Kreiranje klastera<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Va\u017eno! Ispod navedena konfiguracija je testna. Ne zaboravite provjeriti sa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pve.proxmox.com\/pve-docs\/pve-admin-guide.pdf\">slu\u017ebenom dokumentacijom<\/a><\/noindex> Proxmox VE.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kako bismo pokrenuli testni klaster, uzeli smo tri poslu\u017eitelja s instaliranim hipervizorom Proxmox iste konfiguracije (2 jezgre, 2 GB RAM-a).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ako \u017eelite saznati kako instalirati Proxmox, preporu\u010damo da pro\u010ditate na\u0161 prethodni \u010dlanak \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/483236\/\">Magija virtualizacije: uvod u Proxmox VE<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Izvorno, nakon instalacije OS-a, jedan poslu\u017eitelj radi u <b>Standalone-mode<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/07bb2294b5ccd096c868786e20c14200.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nStvorit \u0107emo klaster pritiskom na gumb <b>Create Cluster<\/b> u odgovaraju\u0107em odjeljku.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a816a86de93a5f97b388490b92e122df.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPostavljamo ime budu\u0107eg klastera i odabiremo aktivnu mre\u017enu vezu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/0b37004b271fccd14917190589081a6c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPritisnite gumb Create. Poslu\u017eitelj \u0107e generirati 2048-bitni klju\u010d i zapisati ga zajedno s parametrima novog klastera u konfiguracijske datoteke.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/3c6aeaf5b175c2246ba2dea0dcbeb795.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNatpis <b>ZADATAK OK<\/b> svjedo\u010di o uspje\u0161nom izvo\u0111enju operacije. Sada, gledaju\u0107i op\u0107e informacije o sustavu, mo\u017ee se vidjeti da je poslu\u017eitelj pre\u0161ao u klasterski na\u010din rada. Za sada klaster se sastoji samo od jednog \u010dvora, \u0161to zna\u010di da jo\u0161 uvijek nema onih mogu\u0107nosti zbog kojih je klaster potreban.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/b5d1ed1e09f055bc1ed82dfdde3e2e62.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Priklju\u010divanje na klaster<\/h2>\n<p>\nPrije nego se pove\u017eemo s kreiranim klasterom, trebamo dobiti informacije za izradu veze. Za to ulazimo u odjeljak <b>Klaster<\/b> i pritisnite tipku <b>Join Information<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ff7bb8a493d26cb28d475fe0624f784f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nU otvorenom prozoru, zanimaju nas sadr\u017eaji istoimene kolone. Treba ga kopirati.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bc26af19c074ba8b4f7b359d7bd65301.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nOvdje su kodirani svi potrebni parametri za povezivanje: adresa poslu\u017eitelja za povezivanje i digitalni otisak. Prvo se prebacujemo na poslu\u017eitelj koji treba biti uklju\u010den u klaster. Pritisnemo gumb <b>Pridru\u017ei se klasteru<\/b> i u otvorenom prozoru umetnemo kopirani sadr\u017eaj.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/4670181c99cc1f1446c418fc0702c583.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPolja <b>Peer adresa<\/b> i <b>Fingerprint<\/b> bit \u0107e automatski ispunjena. Unosimo root lozinku za \u010dvor broj 1, biramo mre\u017enu vezu i pritisnemo gumb <b>Pridru\u017ei se<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/e9c3e2c255332422ad27b52634fef2fe.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTijekom pridru\u017eivanja klasteru, web stranica GUI mo\u017eda ne\u0107e a\u017eurirati. To je normalno, samo osvje\u017eite stranicu. Na isti na\u010din dodajemo jo\u0161 jedan \u010dvor i na kraju dobivamo potpuno funkcionalan klaster s 3 radna \u010dvora.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/94727cbe4f161213505e8f197c1382aa.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSada mo\u017eemo kontrolirati sve \u010dvorove klastera iz jednog GUI-a.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/faed8fc852de04fbfb465a66bf2c4e52.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Organizacija visoke dostupnosti<\/h2>\n<p>\nProxmox \"iz kutije\" podr\u017eava funkcionalnost organizacije HA za virtualne strojeve, kao i za LXC kontejnere. Alat <b>ha-manager<\/b> otkriva i rje\u0161ava gre\u0161ke i kvarove, provode\u0107i prebacivanje s kvara na aktivni \u010dvor. Da bi mehanizam ispravno radio, virtualni strojevi i kontejneri trebaju imati zajedni\u010dku pohranu.<\/p>\n<p>Nakon aktivacije funkcionalnosti visoke dostupnosti, softverski paket ha-manager \u0107e kontinuirano pratiti stanje rada virtualnog stroja ili kontejnera i asinkrono komunicirati s drugim \u010dvorovima klastera.<\/p>\n<h3>Pridru\u017eujemo zajedni\u010dku pohranu<\/h3>\n<p>\nZa primjer, postavili smo malu NFS pohranu na adresi 192.168.88.18. Da bi svi \u010dvorovi klastera mogli koristiti ovu pohranu, potrebno je napraviti sljede\u0107e korake.<\/p>\n<p>Biramo u izborniku web su\u010delja <b>Datacentar \u2014 Pohrana \u2014 Dodaj \u2014 NFS<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/47719648825a22894088c313fefc4a7d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nIspunjavamo polja <b>ID<\/b> i <b>Server<\/b>. U padaju\u0107em popisu <b>Izvesti<\/b> biramo \u017eeljenu direktoriju iz dostupnih i u popisu <b>Sadr\u017eaj<\/b> \u2014 potrebne vrste podataka. Nakon pritiska na gumb <b>Dodati<\/b> pohrana \u0107e biti povezana sa svim \u010dvorovima klastera.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aff4b32a586b83c7bdb7d5618e1bbc19.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPrilikom stvaranja virtualnih strojeva i kontejnera na bilo kojem od \u010dvorova, navodimo na\u0161u <b>storage<\/b> kao pohranu.<\/p>\n<h3>Postavljamo HA<\/h3>\n<p>\nZa primjer \u0107emo napraviti kontejner s Ubuntu 18.04 i postaviti visoku dostupnost za njega. Nakon stvaranja i pokretanja kontejnera, idemo na odjeljak <b>Datacentar \u2014 HA \u2014 Dodaj<\/b>. U otvorenom polju navodimo ID virtualnog stroja\/kontejnera i maksimalni broj poku\u0161aja ponovnog pokretanja i premje\u0161tanja izme\u0111u \u010dvorova.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ako pre\u0111emo ovu koli\u010dinu, hipervizor \u0107e ozna\u010diti VM kao neispravnu i prebaciti je u stanje pogre\u0161ke, nakon \u010dega \u0107e prestati izvr\u0161avati bilo kakve akcije s njom.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/2b3b06b6db91e9db333e2b08473b5578.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNakon pritiska na gumb <b>Dodati<\/b> alat <b>ha-manager<\/b> obavijestit \u0107e sve \u010dvorove klastera da sada VM s navedenim ID-om kontrolira i da se u slu\u010daju pada mora ponovno pokrenuti na drugom \u010dvoru.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/19a96ff579a921a3171a904bb3ec35eb.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Izazvat \u0107emo gre\u0161ku<\/h3>\n<p>\nDa bismo vidjeli kako to\u010dno funkcionira mehanizam prebacivanja, isklju\u010dit \u0107emo node1 od napajanja. Gledamo iz drugog \u010dvora \u0161to se doga\u0111a s klasterom. Vidimo da je sustav zabilje\u017eio gre\u0161ku.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ff1bd10589325413bf9914c2a73bf0ed.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Rad mehanizma HA ne zna\u010di neprekidno funkcioniranje VM. \u010cim node 'padne', rad VM se privremeno zaustavlja do automatskog ponovnog pokretanja na drugom \u010dvoru.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I tu po\u010dinje 'magija' \u2014 klaster je automatski preusmjerio \u010dvor za izvr\u0161avanje na\u0161e VM i unutar 120 sekundi rad je automatski obnovljen.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/3174e1df06f57092e05825fa1302592f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nIsklju\u010dujemo node2 od napajanja. Pogledajmo ho\u0107e li klaster izdr\u017eati i ho\u0107e li se VM automatski vratiti u radno stanje.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/771d4e629c75e6b895d0c11348a66a8e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNa\u017ealost, kako vidimo, imamo problem s tim da na jedinom pre\u017eivjelom \u010dvoru vi\u0161e nema kvora, \u0161to automatski isklju\u010duje rad HA. U konzoli dajemo naredbu za prisilno uspostavljanje kvora.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">pvecm o\u010dekivao 1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/00a573876894377304084d5eeed6275c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNakon 2 minute mehanizam HA je ispravno djelovao i, ne prona\u0161av\u0161i node2, pokrenuo na\u0161u VM na node3.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastriranje u Proxmox VE.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/dda03dbc36955eba356ad1e902ddd5ef.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u010cim smo ponovno uklju\u010dili node1 i node2, rad klastera je bio potpuno obnovljen. Imajte na umu da VM ne migrira sama natrag na node1, ali to se mo\u017ee u\u010diniti ru\u010dno.<\/p>\n<h2>Zaklju\u010dujemo<\/h2>\n<p>\nIspri\u010dali smo vam kako je mehanizam klasterizacije u Proxmoxu osmi\u0161ljen, kao i kako se HA postavlja za virtualne strojne i kontejnere. Pravilna upotreba klasterizacije i HA zna\u010dajno pove\u0107ava pouzdanost infrastrukture, kao i osigurava oporavak nakon gre\u0161aka.<\/p>\n<p>Prije nego \u0161to stvorite klaster, potrebno je odmah planirati za koje ciljeve \u0107e se koristiti i koliko \u0107e biti potrebno pro\u0161iriti ga u budu\u0107nosti. Tako\u0111er treba provjeriti mre\u017enu infrastrukturu da bi bila spremna raditi s minimalnim ka\u0161njenjima, kako bi budu\u0107i klaster radio bez gre\u0161aka.<\/p>\n<p>Recite nam \u2014 koristite li mogu\u0107nosti klasterizacije u Proxmoxu? \u010cekamo va\u0161e komentare.<\/p>\n<p><i>Prethodni \u010dlanci o hipervizoru Proxmox VE:<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/483236\/\">Magija virtualizacije: uvod u Proxmox VE<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/486194\/\">O sigurnosnim kopijama u Proxmox VE<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/489914\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 Proxmox VE \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d? \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 (\u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b. cluster) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":71896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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