{"id":72267,"date":"2020-03-03T08:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T05:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kratkij-obzor-i-nastrojka-kata-containers"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:13:53","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:13:53","slug":"kratkij-obzor-i-nastrojka-kata-containers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kratkij-obzor-i-nastrojka-kata-containers","title":{"rendered":"Kratki pregled i pode\u0161avanje Kata Containers","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kratki pregled i pode\u0161avanje Kata Containers\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/b738fcd40af08167446004e481172a7e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nU ovom \u010dlanku \u0107e biti obja\u0161njeno na\u010delo rada <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/katacontainers.io\/\">Kata Containers<\/a><\/noindex>, a tako\u0111e \u0107e biti i prakti\u010dni deo sa njihovim povezivanjem na Docker.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>O op\u0107im problemima sa Dockerom i mogu\u0107im re\u0161enjima ve\u0107 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/434756\/\">je napisano<\/a><\/noindex>, danas \u0107u ukratko opisati implementaciju od Kata Containers. Kata Containers je sigurno okru\u017eenje za izvr\u0161avanje (runtime) kontejnera na osnovu laganih virtuelnih ma\u0161ina. Rad sa njima odvija se na isti na\u010din kao i sa drugim kontejnerima, ali dodatno postoji pouzdanija izolacija koriste\u0107i tehnologiju virtualizacije hardvera. Projekat je zapo\u010det 2017. godine, istoimena zajednica je tada zavr\u0161ila fuziju najboljih ideja iz Intel Clear Containers i Hyper.sh RunV, nakon \u010dega se nastavilo sa podr\u0161kom razli\u010ditih arhitektura, uklju\u010duju\u0107i AMD64, ARM, IBM p- i z-serije. Tako\u0111e se podr\u017eava rad unutar hipervizora QEMU, Firecracker, kao i integracija sa containerd. Kod je dostupan na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kata-containers\">GitHub<\/a><\/noindex> pod MIT licencom.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"osnovnye-vozmozhnosti\">Osnovne mogu\u0107nosti<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rad sa posebnim jezgrom na taj na\u010din omogu\u0107ava izolaciju mre\u017ee, memorije i operacija ulaza-izlaza, postoji mogu\u0107nost prisilnog kori\u0161\u0107enja hardverske izolacije na osnovu pro\u0161irenja virtualizacije<\/li>\n<li>Podr\u0161ka industrijskim standardima, uklju\u010duju\u0107i OCI (format kontejnera), Kubernetes CRI<\/li>\n<li>Stabilne performanse obi\u010dnih Linux kontejnera, pove\u0107ana izolacija bez tro\u0161kova koji uti\u010du na performanse obi\u010dnih virtuelnih ma\u0161ina<\/li>\n<li>Eliminacija potrebe za pokretanjem kontejnera unutar punih virtuelnih ma\u0161ina, generi\u010dki interfejsi pojednostavljuju integraciju i pokretanje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ustanovka\">Instalacija<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Postoji <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kata-containers\/documentation\/tree\/master\/install\">mnoge<\/a><\/noindex> Opcije instalacije, razmotri\u0107u instalaciju iz repozitorija, na bazi operativnog sistema Centos 7.<br \/>\n<strong>Va\u017eno<\/strong>: rad Kata Containers podr\u017ean je samo na hardveru, propu\u0161tanje virtualizacije ne uspeva uvek, tako\u0111e <strong>je potrebna podr\u0161ka za sse4.1<\/strong> procesora.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Instalacija Kata Containers je prili\u010dno jednostavna:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Instaliramo alate za rad sa repozitorijama:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum -y install yum-utils<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Onemogu\u0107avamo Selinux (ispravnije \u2014 konfiguri\u0161emo, ali radi jednostavnosti ga onemogu\u0107avam):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># setenforce 0\n# sed -i 's\/^SELINUX=enforcing$\/SELINUX=permissive\/' \/etc\/selinux\/config<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Povezujemo repozitorij i vr\u0161imo instalaciju<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># source \/etc\/os-release\n# ARCH=$(arch)\n# BRANCH=&quot;${BRANCH:-stable-1.10}&quot;\n# yum-config-manager --add-repo &quot;http:\/\/download.opensuse.org\/repositories\/home:\/katacontainers:\/releases:\/${ARCH}:\/${BRANCH}\/CentOS_${VERSION_ID}\/home:katacontainers:releases:${ARCH}:${BRANCH}.repo&quot;\n# yum -y install kata-runtime kata-proxy kata-shim<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nastroyka\">Pode\u0161avanje<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vr\u0161i\u0107u pode\u0161avanje za rad sa docker-om, njegova instalacija je standardna, ne\u0107u je detaljnije obja\u0161njavati:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># rpm -qa | grep docker\ndocker-ce-cli-19.03.6-3.el7.x86_64\ndocker-ce-19.03.6-3.el7.x86_64\n# docker -v\nDocker version 19.03.6, build 369ce74a3c<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Uvodimo izmene u daemon.json:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; \/etc\/docker\/daemon.json\n{\n  &quot;default-runtime&quot;: &quot;kata-runtime&quot;,\n  &quot;runtimes&quot;: {\n    &quot;kata-runtime&quot;: {\n      &quot;path&quot;: &quot;\/usr\/bin\/kata-runtime&quot;\n    }\n  }\n}\nEOF<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ponovo pokre\u0107emo docker:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># service docker restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"proverka-rabotosposobnosti\">Proveravanje funkcionalnosti<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ako pokrenete kontejner pre ponovnog pokretanja dockera \u2014 mo\u017eete primetiti da uname pokazuje verziju jezgra koja se izvr\u0161ava na glavnom sistemu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># docker run busybox uname -a\nLinux 19efd7188d06 3.10.0-1062.12.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Feb 4 23:02:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 GNU\/Linux<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nakon ponovnog pokretanja \u2014 verzija jezgra izgleda ovako:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># docker run busybox uname -a\nLinux 9dd1f30fe9d4 4.19.86-5.container #1 SMP Sat Feb 22 01:53:14 UTC 2020 x86_64 GNU\/Linux<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Jo\u0161 naredbi!<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># time docker run busybox mount\nkataShared on \/ type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nproc on \/proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/dev type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)\ndevpts on \/dev\/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=666)\nsysfs on \/sys type sysfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=755)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/systemd type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/blkio type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/memory type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/devices type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/perf_event type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/freezer type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/pids type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)\nmqueue on \/dev\/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\nshm on \/dev\/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=65536k)\nkataShared on \/etc\/resolv.conf type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nkataShared on \/etc\/hostname type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nkataShared on \/etc\/hosts type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nproc on \/proc\/bus type proc (ro,relatime)\nproc on \/proc\/fs type proc (ro,relatime)\nproc on \/proc\/irq type proc (ro,relatime)\nproc on \/proc\/sys type proc (ro,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/proc\/acpi type tmpfs (ro,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/proc\/timer_list type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)\ntmpfs on \/sys\/firmware type tmpfs (ro,relatime)\n\nreal    0m2.381s\nuser    0m0.066s\nsys 0m0.039s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># time docker run busybox free -m\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:           1993          30        1962           0           1        1946\nSwap:             0           0           0\n\nreal    0m3.297s\nuser    0m0.086s\nsys 0m0.050s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"bystroe-nagruzochnoe-testirovanie\">Brzo testiranje optere\u0107enja<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za procjenu gubitaka od virtualizacije \u2014 pokre\u0107em sysbench kao glavne primjere <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/r\/ljishen\/sysbench\">uzimam ovu opciju<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zapusk-sysbench-s-ispolzovaniem-dockercontainerd\">Pokretanje sysbencha koriste\u0107i Docker+containerd<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Testiranje procesora<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0: vi\u0161ekratno sistemsko evaluacijsko mjerilo\n\nIzvo\u0111enje testa s sljede\u0107im opcijama:\nBroj niti: 1\nInicijalizacija generatora slu\u010dajnih brojeva iz trenutnog vremena\n\nGornja granica prostih brojeva: 20000\n\nInicijalizacija radnih niti...\n\nNiti su pokrenute!\n\nOp\u0107e statistike:\n    ukupno vrijeme:                          36.7335s\n    ukupni broj doga\u0111aja:                   10000\n    ukupno vrijeme potrebno za izvr\u0161enje doga\u0111aja: 36.7173s\n    vrijeme odgovora:\n         min:                                  3.43ms\n         avg:                                  3.67ms\n         max:                                  8.34ms\n         pribli\u017eno  95 percentil:            3.79ms\n\nPravednost niti:\n    doga\u0111aji (avg\/stddev):                 10000.0000\/0.00\n    vrijeme izvr\u0161enja (avg\/stddev):        36.7173\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Testiranje radne memorije<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0: vi\u0161ekratno sistemsko evaluacijsko mjerilo\n\nIzvo\u0111enje testa s sljede\u0107im opcijama:\nBroj niti: 1\nInicijalizacija generatora slu\u010dajnih brojeva iz trenutnog vremena\n\nInicijalizacija radnih niti...\n\nNiti su pokrenute!\n\nIzvr\u0161ene operacije: 104857600 (2172673.64 ops\/sec)\n\n102400.00 MiB preneseno (2121.75 MiB\/sec)\n\nOp\u0107e statistike:\n    ukupno vrijeme:                          48.2620s\n    ukupni broj doga\u0111aja:                   104857600\n    ukupno vrijeme potrebno za izvr\u0161enje doga\u0111aja: 17.4161s\n    vrijeme odgovora:\n         min:                                  0.00ms\n         avg:                                  0.00ms\n         max:                                  0.17ms\n         pribli\u017eno  95 percentil:            0.00ms\n\nPravednost niti:\n    doga\u0111aji (avg\/stddev):                 104857600.0000\/0.00\n    vrijeme izvr\u0161enja (avg\/stddev):        17.4161\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zapusk-sysbench-s-ispolzovaniem-dockerkata-containers\">Pokretanje sysbencha koriste\u0107i Docker+Kata Containers<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Testiranje procesora<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0: vi\u0161ekratno sistemsko evaluacijsko mjerilo\n\nIzvo\u0111enje testa s sljede\u0107im opcijama:\nBroj niti: 1\nInicijalizacija generatora slu\u010dajnih brojeva iz trenutnog vremena\n\nGornja granica prostih brojeva: 20000\n\nInicijalizacija radnih niti...\n\nNiti su pokrenute!\n\nOp\u0107e statistike:\n    ukupno vrijeme:                          36.5747s\n    ukupni broj doga\u0111aja:                   10000\n    ukupno vrijeme potrebno za izvr\u0161enje doga\u0111aja: 36.5594s\n    vrijeme odgovora:\n         min:                                  3.43ms\n         avg:                                  3.66ms\n         max:                                  4.93ms\n         pribli\u017eno  95 percentil:            3.77ms\n\nPravednost niti:\n    doga\u0111aji (avg\/stddev):                 10000.0000\/0.00\n    vrijeme izvr\u0161enja (avg\/stddev):        36.5594\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Testiranje radne memorije<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0: vi\u0161ekratno sistemsko evaluacijsko mjerilo\n\nIzvo\u0111enje testa s sljede\u0107im opcijama:\nBroj niti: 1\nInicijalizacija generatora slu\u010dajnih brojeva iz trenutnog vremena\n\nInicijalizacija radnih niti...\n\nNiti su pokrenute!\n\nIzvr\u0161ene operacije: 104857600 (2450366.94 ops\/sec)\n\n102400.00 MiB preneseno (2392.94 MiB\/sec)\n\nOp\u0107e statistike:\n    ukupno vrijeme:                          42.7926s\n    ukupni broj doga\u0111aja:                   104857600\n    ukupno vrijeme potrebno za izvr\u0161enje doga\u0111aja: 16.1512s\n    vrijeme odgovora:\n         min:                                  0.00ms\n         avg:                                  0.00ms\n         max:                                  0.43ms\n         pribli\u017eno  95 percentil:            0.00ms\n\nPravednost niti:\n    doga\u0111aji (avg\/stddev):                 104857600.0000\/0.00\n    vrijeme izvr\u0161enja (avg\/stddev):        16.1512\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Situacija je ve\u0107 prili\u010dno jasna, ali optimalnije je provoditi testove nekoliko puta, uklanjaju\u0107i izTo\u010dak i prosje\u010du\u0107i rezultate, stoga za sada ne radim vi\u0161e testova.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vyvody\">Zaklju\u010dci<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Iako pokretanje takvih kontejnera traje otprilike pet do deset puta du\u017ee (tipi\u010dno vrijeme pokretanja sli\u010dnih komandi koriste\u0107i containerd je manje od tre\u0107ine sekunde) \u2014 i dalje rade dovoljno brzo ako gledamo apsolutno vrijeme pokretanja (primjeri su navedeni iznad, komande se izvr\u0161avaju u prosjeku za tri sekunde). A rezultati brzog testa CPU i RAM-a pokazuju prakti\u010dki jednake rezultate, \u0161to ne mo\u017ee ne obradovati, osobito s obzirom na to da izolacija se ostvaruje pomo\u0107u dobro testiranog mehanizma kao \u0161to je kvm.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"anons\">Najava<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u010clanak je pregledan, ali pru\u017ea mogu\u0107nost isprobavanja alternativnog runtime-a. Mnoge oblasti primjene nisu pokrivene, na primjer, na stranici je opisana mogu\u0107nost pokretanja Kubernetes-a iznad Kata Containers. Tako\u0111er mo\u017eete provesti niz testova usmjerenih na pronala\u017eenje sigurnosnih problema, postavljanje ograni\u010denja i druge zanimljive stvari.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Molim sve koji su pro\u010ditali ili presko\u010dili ovdje da sudjeluju u anketi, od koje \u0107e zavisiti budu\u0107e objave na ovu temu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Samo registrirani korisnici mogu sudjelovati u anketi. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Prijavite se<\/a><\/noindex>, molimo.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Treba li dalje objavljivati \u010dlanke o Kata Containers?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">80,0%<\/strong>Da, pi\u0161i jo\u0161!28<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">20,0%<\/strong>Ne, ne treba\u20267<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Glasalo je 35 korisnika. Suzdr\u017ealo se 7 korisnika.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/489940\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b Kata Containers, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a Docker. \u041f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 Docker \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0442 Kata Containers. Kata Containers \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (runtime) \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":72268,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- 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