{"id":79720,"date":"2020-04-29T19:42:33","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T17:42:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/znachitelnoe-obnovlenie-globalnoj-deczentralizovannoj-fajlovoj-sistemy-ipfs-0-5"},"modified":"2020-04-29T19:42:33","modified_gmt":"2020-04-29T17:42:33","slug":"znachitelnoe-obnovlenie-globalnoj-deczentralizovannoj-fajlovoj-sistemy-ipfs-0-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/znachitelnoe-obnovlenie-globalnoj-deczentralizovannoj-fajlovoj-sistemy-ipfs-0-5","title":{"rendered":"Zna\u010dajno a\u017euriranje globalnog decentraliziranog sustava datoteka IPFS 0.5","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Predstavljen<\/a><\/noindex> nova verzija decentraliziranog datote\u010dnog sustava IPFS 0.5<\/a><\/noindex> (InterPlanetary File System), koja stvara globalno verzionirano skladi\u0161te datoteka, raspore\u0111eno u obliku P2P mre\u017ee, koja se sastoji od sustava sudionika. IPFS kombinira ideje ranije implementirane u sustavima kao \u0161to su Git, BitTorrent, Kademlia, SFS i Web, i podsje\u0107a na jedinstveni 'rojem' BitTorrent (klijenti koji sudjeluju u dijeljenju), razmjenjuju\u0107i Git objekte. Za pristup globalnom FS-u, IPFS mo\u017ee koristiti HTTP protokol ili montirati virtualni FS \/ipfs putem FUSE modula. Referentni kod napisan je na Go jeziku i distribuira se<\/a><\/noindex> pod licencama Apache 2.0 i MIT. Dodatno razvija se<\/a><\/noindex> referentna implementacija IPFS protokola u JavaScriptu, koja mo\u017ee raditi u pregledniku.<\/p>\n

Klju\u010dna karakteristika<\/a><\/noindex> IPFS je adresiranje prema sadr\u017eaju, pri \u010demu je veza za pristup datoteci izravno povezana s njenim sadr\u017eajem (uklju\u010duje kriptografski hash sadr\u017eaja). IPFS ima ugra\u0111enu podr\u0161ku za verzioniranje. Adresu datoteke nije mogu\u0107e proizvoljno preimenovati, mo\u017ee se promijeniti samo nakon promjene sadr\u017eaja. Sli\u010dno tome, nije mogu\u0107e unijeti promjenu u datoteku bez promjene adrese (stara verzija \u0107e ostati na staroj adresi, a nova \u0107e biti dostupna putem druge adrese, jer \u0107e se hash sadr\u017eaja datoteke promijeniti). S obzirom na to da se identifikator datoteke mijenja s svakom promjenom, kako bi se svaki put izbjeglo slanje novih veza, osigurane su usluge za vezivanje stalnih adresa koje uzimaju u obzir razli\u010dite verzije datoteke (IPNS<\/a><\/noindex>), ili vezanje nadimka sli\u010dno tradicionalnim FS i DNS (MFS<\/a><\/noindex> (Mutable File System) i DNSLink<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n

Sli\u010dno BitTorrentu, podaci se izravno pohranjuju na sustavima sudionika koji razmjenjuju informacije u P2P re\u017eimu, bez vezivanja za centralizirane \u010dvorove. Kada je potrebno dobiti datoteku s odre\u0111enim sadr\u017eajem, sustav pronalazi sudionike koji imaju tu datoteku i isporu\u010duje je s njihovih sustava u dijelovima u vi\u0161e tokova. Nakon preuzimanja datoteke na svoj sustav, sudionik automatski postaje jedna od to\u010daka za njeno distribuiranje. Za odre\u0111ivanje sudionika mre\u017ee na \u010dvorovima na kojima se nalazi interesantan sadr\u017eaj koristi se<\/a><\/noindex> distribuirana hash tablica (DHT<\/a><\/noindex>). <\/p>\n

\"Zna\u010dajno<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

IPFS se mo\u017ee smatrati distribuiranom reinkarnacijom Web-a koja se temelji na adresiranju sadr\u017eaja, a ne na mjestu pohrane i proizvoljnim imenima. Osim pohrane datoteka i razmjene podataka, IPFS se mo\u017ee koristiti kao osnova za stvaranje novih usluga, primjerice za organizaciju rada web stranica koje nisu vezane za poslu\u017eitelje ili za izradu distribuiranih aplikacija<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

IPFS poma\u017ee u rje\u0161avanju problema poput pouzdanosti pohrane (ako izvorna pohrana postane nedostupna, datoteku se mo\u017ee preuzeti s sustava drugih korisnika), suzbijanju cenzure sadr\u017eaja (za blokiranje \u0107e biti potrebno blokirati sve sustave korisnika na kojima se nalazi kopija podataka) i organizaciji pristupa u slu\u010daju nedostatka izravne internetske veze ili lo\u0161e kvalitete veze (mo\u017ee se preuzeti podaci kroz najbli\u017ee korisnike u lokalnoj mre\u017ei).<\/p>\n

U verziji IPFS 0.5<\/a><\/noindex> zna\u010dajno je pobolj\u0161ana u\u010dinkovitost i pouzdanost rada. Javna mre\u017ea temeljena na IPFS-u pre\u0161la je granicu od 100 tisu\u0107a \u010dvorova, a promjene u IPFS-u 0.5 odra\u017eavaju prilagodbu protokola za rad u takvim uvjetima. Optimizacije su se uglavnom usredoto\u010dile na pobolj\u0161anje mehanizama usmjeravanja sadr\u017eaja, odgovornog za pretra\u017eivanje, objavljivanje i va\u0111enje podataka, kao i na pove\u0107anju u\u010dinkovitosti implementacije distribuirane hash tablice<\/a><\/noindex> (DHT), koja pru\u017ea informacije o \u010dvorovima koji imaju tra\u017eene podatke. Kod povezan s DHT-om je gotovo potpuno prekri\u017een, \u0161to je zna\u010dajno ubrzalo operacije pretra\u017eivanja sadr\u017eaja i odre\u0111ivanja IPNS zapisa.<\/p>\n

Konkretnije, brzina izvr\u0161avanja operacija dodavanja podataka pove\u0107ana je dva puta, a objavljivanja novog sadr\u017eaja u mre\u017eu 2.5 puta,
\nva\u0111enje podataka od 2 do 5 puta, a pretra\u017eivanje sadr\u017eaja od 2 do 6 puta.
\nPreure\u0111eni mehanizmi usmjeravanja i slanja objava omogu\u0107ili su ubrzanje rada mre\u017ee 2-3 puta uz u\u010dinkovitije kori\u0161tenje propusnosti i pozadinske transmisije prometa. U sljede\u0107em izdanju planira se uvo\u0111enje transporta temeljenog na protokolu QUIC, \u0161to \u0107e omogu\u0107iti jo\u0161 ve\u0107e pove\u0107anje performansi smanjenjem latencije. <\/p>\n

Pobolj\u0161ana brzina i pouzdanost sustava IPNS (Inter-Planetary Name System), koji se koristi za stvaranje trajnih veza na promjenjivi sadr\u017eaj. Novi eksperimentalni transport pubsub omogu\u0107io je ubrzanje isporuke IPNS zapisa 30-40 puta tijekom testiranja u mre\u017ei s tisu\u0107om \u010dvorova (za eksperiment je razvijen poseban simulator P2P mre\u017ee<\/a><\/noindex>). Performanse sloja
\nBadger, koji se koristi za interakciju s FS operacijskog sustava. Zahvaljuju\u0107i podr\u0161ci za operacije asinkronog pisanja, Badger sada radi 25 puta br\u017ee od starog sloja flatfs. Pove\u0107anje performansi tako\u0111er se odrazilo na mehanizam Bitswap<\/a><\/noindex>, koji se koristi za prijenos datoteka izme\u0111u \u010dvorova.<\/p>\n

\"Zna\u010dajno<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Me\u0111u funkcionalnim pobolj\u0161anjima spominje se kori\u0161tenje TLS-a za enkripciju veza izme\u0111u klijenata i servera. Pojavila se podr\u0161ka za poddomene u HTTP prolazu \u2014 programeri mogu hostati decentralizirane aplikacije (dapps) i web sadr\u017eaj u izoliranim poddomenama, koje se mogu koristiti s hash adresama, IPNS, DNSLink, ENS itd. Dodano je novo adresno prostranstvo \/p2p, u koje su premjesten podaci povezani s adresama klijenata (\/ipfs\/peer_id \u2192 \/p2p\/peer_id). Dodana je podr\u0161ka za '.eth' linkove bazirane na blockchain-u, \u0161to \u0107e pro\u0161iriti primjenu IPFS-a u distribuiranim aplikacijama.<\/p>\n

Start-up Protocol Labs koji podr\u017eava razvoj IPFS-a tako\u0111er paralelno razvija projekt FileCoin<\/a><\/noindex>, koji je nadogradnja na IPFS. Dok IPFS omogu\u0107uje sudionicima da \u010duvaju, tra\u017ee i razmjenjuju podatke me\u0111usobno, Filecoin se razvija kao platforma temeljena na blockchain tehnologiji za trajno pohranjivanje. Filecoin omogu\u0107uje korisnicima, koji imaju neiskori\u0161teni prostor na disku, da ga pod odre\u0111enom nagradom ponude mre\u017ei, dok korisnici kojima je potrebno mjesto za pohranu mogu to kupiti. Ako potreba za mjestom nestane, korisnik mo\u017ee prodati. Tako se formira tr\u017ei\u0161te prostora za pohranu, a pla\u0107anja se vr\u0161e u tokenima Filecoin<\/a><\/noindex>, koji se stvara kroz rudarstvo.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b IPFS 0.5 (InterPlanetary File System), \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 P2P-\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. IPFS \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a Git, BitTorrent, Kademlia, SFS \u0438 Web, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 «\u0440\u043e\u0439» BitTorrent (\u043f\u0438\u0440\u044b, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435), \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f Git-\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":79721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Zna\u010dajno a\u017euriranje globalnog decentraliziranog sustava datoteka IPFS 0.5 | ProHoster","description":"Predstavljen je novi izdanak decentralizirane datote\u010dne sustave 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