{"id":81922,"date":"2020-05-18T01:42:25","date_gmt":"2020-05-17T23:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli"},"modified":"2020-05-18T01:42:25","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T23:42:25","slug":"kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli","title":{"rendered":"Kako prenijeti OpenVZ 6 kontejner na KVM server bez boli u glavi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Svaka osoba koja je barem jednom u \u017eivotu trebala prenijeti OpenVZ kontejner na server s punom virtualizacijom KVM suo\u010dila se s odre\u0111enim problemima:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ve\u0107ina informacija je jednostavno zastarjela i bila je aktualna za operacijske sustave koji su davno pro\u0161li EOL ciklus.<\/li>\n<li>Razli\u010dite operacijske sustave nude razli\u010dite informacije i nikada se ne razmatraju mogu\u0107e gre\u0161ke prilikom migracije.<\/li>\n<li>Ponekad se morate nositi s konfiguracijama koje iznenada prestanu raditi nakon migracije.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kada premje\u0161tate jedan server, uvijek mo\u017eete ne\u0161to popraviti u hodu, a \u0161to ako migrirate \u010ditav klaster? <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U ovom \u0107u \u010dlanku poku\u0161ati objasniti kako ispravno migrirati OpenVZ kontejner na KVM s minimalnim vremenom zastoja i brzim rje\u0161avanjem svih problema.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nebolshoy-likbez-chto-takoe-openvz-i-chto-takoe-kvm\">Mali uvod: \u0161to su OpenVZ i KVM?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ne\u0107emo se previ\u0161e zamarati terminologijom, ve\u0107 \u0107emo re\u0107i u op\u0107im crtama:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>OpenVZ<\/strong> \u2014 virtualizacija na razini operativnog sustava, mo\u017ee se rasporediti \u010dak i na mikrovalnoj pe\u0107nici, jer nema potrebe za instrukcijama CPU-a i tehnologijama virtualizacije na doma\u0107inskoj ma\u0161ini. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM <\/strong> \u2014 puna virtualizacija koja koristi svu snagu CPU-a i mo\u017ee virtualizirati \u0161to god \u017eelite, kako god \u017eelite, rezati po du\u017eini i \u0161irini. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Suprotno uvrije\u017eenom mi\u0161ljenju da se u okru\u017eenju <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/\"   title=\"hosting provider-a\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1210\">hosting provider-a<\/a> OpenVZ prelijeva, a KVM ne \u2014 na sre\u0107u za potonje, KVM se danas prelijeva ni\u0161ta lo\u0161ije od svog ro\u0111aka.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chto-budem-perenosit\">\u0160to \u0107emo prenositi?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kao eksperiment za prenos koristit \u0107emo cijelu \u0161umu operativnih sustava koji su dostupni na OpenVZ: CentOS (verzije 6 i 7), Ubuntu (14, 16 i 18 LTS), Debian 7.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pretpostavljalo se da se na ve\u0107ini OpenVZ kontejnera ve\u0107 pokre\u0107e neki LAMP, a neki imaju \u010dak i vrlo specifi\u010dan softver. Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e su to bile konfiguracije s upravlja\u010dkom plo\u010dom ISPmanager, VestaCP (i obi\u010dno ne a\u017eurirane godinama). Tako\u0111er je potrebno uzeti u obzir njihove zahtjeve za prijenos.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Migracija se vr\u0161i uz zadr\u017eavanje <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adrese\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"668\">IP adrese<\/a> prenosivog kontejnera, pretpostavit \u0107emo da IP koji je bio kod kontejnera ostaje na VM-u i da \u0107e raditi bez problema.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prije prijenosa osigurajte da imate sve na raspolaganju:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OpenVZ server, potpuni root pristup doma\u0107inskoj ma\u0161ini, mogu\u0107nost zaustavljanja\/montiranja\/pokretanja\/brisanja kontejnera.<\/li>\n<li>KVM server, potpuni root pristup doma\u0107inskoj ma\u0161ini, sa svim posljedicama. Pretpostavlja se da je sve ve\u0107 postavljeno i spremno za rad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pristupaem-k-perenosu\">Po\u010dinjemo s prijenosom<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prije nego \u0161to zapo\u010dnemo prijenos, definirajmo pojmove koji \u0107e nas usmjeriti:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong> \u2014 KVM host-ma\u0161ina<br \/>\n<strong>VZ_NODE<\/strong> \u2014 OpenVZ host-ma\u0161ina<br \/>\n<strong>CTID<\/strong> \u2014 OpenVZ kontejner<br \/>\n<strong>VM<\/strong> \u2014 KVM virtualni server<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"podgotovka-k-perenosu-i-sozdanie-virtualnyh-mashin\">Priprema za prijenos i stvaranje virtualnih ma\u0161ina.<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Korak 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Budu\u0107i da trebamo negdje premjestiti kontejner, stvorimo <strong>VM<\/strong> sli\u010dne konfiguracije na <strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Va\u017eno!<\/strong> VM treba stvoriti na operativnom sustavu koji trenutno radi na CTID-u. Na primjer, ako je na CTID-u instalirana Ubuntu 14, i na VM treba instalirati Ubuntu 14. Manje verzije nisu toliko va\u017ene i njihovo nepodudaranje nije kriti\u010dno, ali glavne \u2014 moraju biti jednake.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nakon stvaranja VM, izvr\u0161it \u0107emo a\u017euriranje paketa na CTID i na VM (ne mije\u0161ati s a\u017euriranjem OS-a \u2014 ne a\u017euriramo ga, samo a\u017euriramo pakete i, ako do\u0111e, verziju OS-a unutar glavne verzije).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za CentOS ovaj proces izgleda bezopasno:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum clean all\n# yum update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I ne manje bezopasno za Ubuntu, Debian:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt-get update\n# apt-get upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Korak 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Instaliramo na <strong>CTID<\/strong>, <strong>VZ_NODE<\/strong> i <strong>VM<\/strong> alatku <strong>rsync<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>CentOS:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum install rsync -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Debian, Ubuntu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt-get install rsync -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ne instaliramo ni\u0161ta drugo ni tamo ni ovdje.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Korak 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Obustavljamo <strong>CTID <\/strong>na <strong>VZ_NODE <\/strong>komandom<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vzctl stop CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Montiramo sliku <strong>CTID<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vzctl mount CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prelazimo u folder \/vz\/root\/<strong>CTID<\/strong> i izvr\u0161avamo<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">mount --bind \/dev dev &amp;&amp; mount --bind \/sys sys &amp;&amp; mount --bind \/proc proc &amp;&amp; chroot .<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Unutar chroot okru\u017eenja kreiramo datoteku \/root\/exclude.txt \u2014 ona \u0107e sadr\u017eavati popis iznimki koje ne\u0107e biti prenesene na novi server<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">\/boot\n\/proc\n\/sys\n\/tmp\n\/dev\n\/var\/lock\n\/etc\/fstab\n\/etc\/mtab\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\n\/etc\/conf.d\/net\n\/etc\/network\/interfaces\n\/etc\/networks\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network*\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/hwconf\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/ip6tables-config\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/kernel\n\/etc\/hostname\n\/etc\/HOSTNAME\n\/etc\/hosts\n\/etc\/modprobe*\n\/etc\/modules\n\/net\n\/lib\/modules\n\/etc\/rc.conf\n\/usr\/share\/nova-agent*\n\/usr\/sbin\/nova-agent*\n\/etc\/init.d\/nova-agent*\n\/etc\/ips\n\/etc\/ipaddrpool\n\/etc\/ips.dnsmaster\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-ens3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Povezujemo se na <strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong> i pokre\u0107emo na\u0161 <strong>VM<\/strong>, kako bi radio i bio dostupan putem mre\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sada je sve spremno za prijenos. Kako idemo!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Korak 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jo\u0161 uvijek unutar chroot okru\u017eenja, izvr\u0161avamo<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">rsync --exclude-from=\"\/root\/exclude.txt\" --numeric-ids -avpogtStlHz --progress -e \"ssh -T -o Compression=no -x\" \/ root@KVM_NODE:\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>rsync naredba \u0107e izvr\u0161iti prijenos, nadamo se da su klju\u010devi jasni \u2014 prijenos se vr\u0161i uz o\u010duvanje simboli\u010dkih linkova, prava pristupa, vlasnika i grupa, a enkripcija je isklju\u010dena radi ve\u0107e brzine (moglo se koristiti neki br\u017ei cipher, ali to nije presudno u okviru ovog zadatka), tako\u0111er je isklju\u010deno i kompresiju.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nakon zavr\u0161etka rsync-a, izlazimo iz chroot-a (pritiskom na ctrl+d) i izvr\u0161avamo<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">umount dev &amp;&amp; umount proc &amp;&amp; umount sys &amp;&amp; cd .. &amp;&amp; vzctl umount CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Korak 5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Izvr\u0161avamo nekoliko radnji koje \u0107e nam pomo\u0107i u pokretanju VM nakon prijenosa s OpenVZ-a.<br \/>\nNa serverima s <strong>Systemd<\/strong> izvr\u0161avat \u0107emo naredbu koja \u0107e nam pomo\u0107i da se prijavimo na uobi\u010dajenu konzolu, na primjer, putem VNC-a na serveru<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">mv \/etc\/systemd\/system\/getty.target.wants\/getty@tty2.service \/etc\/systemd\/system\/getty.target.wants\/getty@tty1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na serverima <strong>CentOS 6<\/strong> i <strong>CentOS 7<\/strong> obavezno \u0107emo instalirati svje\u017eu jezgru:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">yum install kernel-$(uname -r)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Server se mo\u017ee pokrenuti s nje, ali nakon prijenosa mo\u017ee prestati raditi ili \u0107e biti uklonjen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na serveru <strong>CentOS 7<\/strong> potrebno je primijeniti mali popravak za PolkitD, ina\u010de \u0107e server upasti u beskrajno pokretanje:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">getent group polkitd &gt;\/dev\/null &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mpolkitd grupa ve\u0107 postoji e[0m\" || { groupadd -r polkitd &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;33mDodana nedostaju\u0107a polkitd grupa e[0m\" || echo -e \"e[1;31mDodavanje polkitd grupe NEUSPJELO e[0m\"; }\n\ngetent passwd polkitd &gt;\/dev\/null \n&amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mpolkitd korisnik ve\u0107 postoji e[0m\" || { useradd -r -g polkitd -d \/ -s \/sbin\/nologin -c \"Korisnik za polkitd\" polkitd &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;33mDodani nedostaju\u0107i polkitd korisnik e[0m\" || echo -e \"e[1;31mDodavanje polkitd korisnika NEUSPJELO e[0m\"; }\n\nrpm -Va polkit* &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mpolkit* rpm provjera pro\u0161la e[0m\" || { echo -e \"e[1;33mResetiranje polkit* rpm vlasni\u0161tva korisnika\/grupe &amp; permisa e[0m\"; rpm --setugids polkit polkit-pkla-compat; rpm --setperms polkit polkit-pkla-compat; }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na svim serverima, ako je instaliran mod_fcgid za Apache, izvr\u0161it \u0107emo mali popravak s pravima, ina\u010de \u0107e web stranice koje koriste mod_fcgid padati s gre\u0161kom 500:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">chmod +s `which suexec` &amp;&amp; apachectl restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I na kraju, ovo \u0107e biti korisno za Ubuntu, Debian distribucije. Ovaj OS mo\u017ee upasti u beskrajno pokretanje s gre\u0161kom<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>looping too fast. throttling execution a little<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>neugodno, ali lako se popravlja, ovisno o verziji OS-a.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na <strong>Debian 9<\/strong> popravak izgleda ovako:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>izvr\u0161avamo<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">dbus-uuidgen<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>ako dobijemo gre\u0161ku<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\/usr\/local\/lib\/libdbus-1.so.3: version `LIBDBUS_PRIVATE_1.10.8\u2032 not found<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>provjeravamo postoji li LIBDBUS <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">ls -la \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu | grep dbus\nlibdbus-1.so.3 -&gt; libdbus-1.so.3.14.15 \nlibdbus-1.so.3.14.15 &lt;== treba ovaj\nlibdbus-1.so.3.14.16<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>ako je sve u redu, izvr\u0161avamo<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cd \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\nrm -rf libdbus-1.so.3\nln -s libdbus-1.so.3.14.15  libdbus-1.so.3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ako ne poma\u017ee \u2014 poku\u0161avamo drugu opciju.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Druga opcija rje\u0161avanja problema s <strong>throttling execution a little<\/strong> prikladna je prakti\u010dki za sve Ubuntu i Debian distribucije.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Izvr\u0161avamo<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">bash -x \/var\/lib\/dpkg\/info\/dbus.postinst configure<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A za <strong>Ubuntu 14<\/strong>, <strong>Debian 7<\/strong> dodatno izvr\u0161avamo:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">adduser --system --home \/nonexistent --no-create-home --disabled-password --group messagebus\n\nrm -rf \/etc\/init.d\/modules_dep.sh <\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0160to smo u\u010dinili? Vratili smo messagebus, koji je nedostajao za pokretanje Debian\/Ubuntu i uklonili modules_dep, koji je do\u0161ao iz OpenVZ-a i ometao u\u010ditavanje mnogih modula jezgre.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Korak 6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ponovno pokre\u0107emo VM, provjeravamo u VNC kako ide u\u010ditavanje i idealno \u2014 sve \u0107e se u\u010ditati bez problema. Iako, mo\u017eda \u0107e se pojaviti neki specifi\u010dni problemi nakon migracije \u2014 ali oni izlaze van okvira ovog \u010dlanka i ispravljaju se po potrebi.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nadam se da \u0107e ove informacije biti korisne! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/502132\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 OpenVZ \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 KVM, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 EOL \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u041e\u0421 \u041f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u041e\u0421 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 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