{"id":82929,"date":"2020-05-26T19:42:01","date_gmt":"2020-05-26T17:42:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rangeamp-seriya-atak-na-cdn-manipuliruyushhaya-http-zagolovkom-range"},"modified":"2020-05-26T19:42:01","modified_gmt":"2020-05-26T17:42:01","slug":"rangeamp-seriya-atak-na-cdn-manipuliruyushhaya-http-zagolovkom-range","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/rangeamp-seriya-atak-na-cdn-manipuliruyushhaya-http-zagolovkom-range","title":{"rendered":"RangeAmp \u2014 serija napada na CDN, koja manipulira HTTP zaglavljem Range.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Grupa istra\u017eiva\u010da s Pekin\u0161kog sveu\u010dili\u0161ta, Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta Tsinghua i Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta Texas u Dallasu otkrila<\/a><\/noindex> novi tip DoS napada \u2014 RangeAmp, temeljen na kori\u0161tenju HTTP zaglavlja Raspon<\/a><\/noindex> za organizaciju poja\u010danja prometa putem mre\u017ea za isporuku sadr\u017eaja (CDN). Su\u0161tina metode le\u017ei u tome da, zbog osobitosti obrade Range zaglavlja u mnogim CDN-ima, napada\u010d mo\u017ee zatra\u017eiti jedan bajt iz velikog datoteke putem CDN-a, ali \u0107e CDN preuzeti cijelu datoteku ili znatno ve\u0107i blok podataka s ciljnog poslu\u017eitelja za pohranu u predmemoriji. Stepen poja\u010danja prometa tokom takvog napada, ovisno o CDN-u, iznosi od 724 do 43330 puta, \u0161to se mo\u017ee iskoristiti za preoptere\u0107enje dolaznog prometa CDN-a ili smanjenje propusnosti krajnjeg komunikacijskog kanala do web stranice \u017ertve.<\/p>\n

\"RangeAmp<\/center><\/p>\n

Zaglavlje Range omogu\u0107uje klijentu da odredi raspon pozicija u datoteci koji treba preuzeti umjesto cijele datoteke. Na primjer, klijent mo\u017ee nazna\u010diti \u201eRange: bytes=0-1023\u201d i server \u0107e poslati samo prvih 1024 bajta podataka. Ova mogu\u0107nost je korisna prilikom preuzimanja velikih datoteka \u2014 korisnik mo\u017ee pauzirati preuzimanje, a zatim ga nastaviti s prekinutog mjesta. Kada se navede \u201ebytes=0-0\u201d, standard nala\u017ee slanje prvog bajta u datoteci, \u201ebytes=-1\u201d \u2014 posljednjeg, \u201ebytes=1-\u201d \u2014 po\u010dev\u0161i od 1. bajta do kraja datoteke. Dozvoljeno je slanje vi\u0161e raspona u jednom zaglavlju, na primjer \u201eRange: bytes=0-1023,8192-10240\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dodatno je predlo\u017een drugi oblik napada, usmjeren na pove\u0107anje mre\u017enog optere\u0107enja usmjeravanjem prometa kroz jo\u0161 jedan CDN koji se koristi kao proxy (na primjer, kada kao frontend (FCDN) djeluje Cloudflare, a backend (BCDN) \u2014 Akamai). Metoda podsje\u0107a na prvi napad, ali se lokalizira unutar CDN mre\u017ea i omogu\u0107ava ja\u010danje prometa kada se poziva preko drugih CDN-a, pove\u0107avaju\u0107i optere\u0107enje na infrastrukturu i smanjuju\u0107i kvalitetu usluge. <\/p>\n

Ideja je da napada\u010d \u0161alje u CDN Range zahtjeve za nekoliko raspona, kao \u0161to su \u201ebytes=0-,0-,0-...\u201d, \u201ebytes=1-,0-,0-...\u201d ili \u201ebytes=-1024,0-,0-...\u201d. Zahtjevi sadr\u017ee veliki broj raspona \u201e0-\u201d, podrazumijevaju\u0107i slanje datoteke od nulte pozicije do kraja. Zbog neispravne implementacije razdvajanja raspona kada prvi CDN kontaktira drugi, za svaki raspon \u201e0-\u201d \u0161alje se cijela datoteka (rasponi se ne agregiraju, ve\u0107 se sequentialno prolaze), ako se u izvornom napadu prisutno dupliciranje i preklapanje raspona. Stepen poja\u010danja prometa u takvom napadu iznosi izme\u0111u 53 i 7432 puta.<\/p>\n

\"RangeAmp<\/center><\/p>\n

Tijekom istra\u017eivanja prou\u010davano je pona\u0161anje 13 CDN \u2014
\nAkamai, Alibaba Cloud, Azure, CDN77, CDNsun, Cloudflare, CloudFront, Fastly, G-Core Labs, Huawei Cloud, KeyCDN, StackPath i Tencent Cloud. Svi analizirani CDN-i dopustili su prvi tip napada na krajnji server. Drugu vrstu napada na CDN podvrgnuto je 6 usluga, od kojih \u010detiri mogu djelovati kao frontend u napadu (CDN77, CDNsun, Cloudflare i StackPath) i tri kao backend (Akamai, Azure i StackPath). Najve\u0107e poja\u010danje posti\u017ee se u Akamai i StackPath, koji dopu\u0161taju navo\u0111enje u Range zaglavlju vi\u0161e od 10 tisu\u0107a raspona. Vlasnici CDN-a obavije\u0161teni su o ranjivostima prije otprilike 7 mjeseci, a do trenutka javnog otkri\u0107a 12 od 13 CDN-a popravili su uo\u010dene probleme ili izrazili spremnost za njihovo rje\u0161avanje (samo usluga StackPath nije odgovorila).<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0426\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0443\u0430 \u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 DoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a — RangeAmp, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 Range \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 (CDN). \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 Range-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 CDN \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 CDN \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":82930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47RangeAmp \u2014 serija napada na CDN, koja manipulira HTTP zaglavljem Range | ProHoster","description":"Grupa istra\u017eiva\u010da s Pekin\u0161kog sveu\u010dili\u0161ta, Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta Tsinghua i Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta Texas u 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