{"id":83100,"date":"2020-05-28T13:42:10","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T11:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/bekap-hranilishhe-dlya-tysyach-virtualnyh-mashin-svobodnymi-instrumentami"},"modified":"2020-05-28T13:42:10","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T11:42:10","slug":"bekap-hranilishhe-dlya-tysyach-virtualnyh-mashin-svobodnymi-instrumentami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/bekap-hranilishhe-dlya-tysyach-virtualnyh-mashin-svobodnymi-instrumentami","title":{"rendered":"Skladi\u0161te za sigurnosne kopije za tisu\u0107e virtualnih strojeva besplatnim alatima","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Skladi\u0161te za sigurnosne kopije za tisu\u0107e virtualnih strojeva besplatnim alatima\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/e1be85f9fdec702ce8db043ac72dd507.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pozdrav, nedavno sam nai\u0161ao na zanimljiv izazov postaviti skladi\u0161te za sigurnosnu kopiju velikog broja blokovnih ure\u0111aja.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Svake nedjelje izvr\u0161avamo sigurnosno kopiranje svih virtualnih strojeva u na\u0161oj oblaku, stoga je va\u017eno mo\u0107i upravljati tisu\u0107ama sigurnosnih kopija i to raditi \u0161to br\u017ee i u\u010dinkovitije.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na\u017ealost, standardne konfiguracije <strong>RAID5<\/strong>, <strong>RAID6<\/strong> u ovom slu\u010daju nam ne odgovaraju zbog toga \u0161to \u0107e proces oporavka na tako velikim diskovima kao \u0161to su na\u0161i biti izuzetno dugotrajan i vjerojatno nikada ne\u0107e zavr\u0161iti.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Razmotrimo koje su alternative:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.min.io\/docs\/minio-erasure-code-quickstart-guide.html\">Erasure Coding<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2014 Sli\u010dan RAID5, RAID6, ali s podesivim razinama paritete. U ovom slu\u010daju, redundancija se ne vr\u0161i po blokovima nego za svaki objekt posebno. Najjednostavniji na\u010din isprobati erasure coding je rasporediti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/min.io\/\">minio<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/openzfs.github.io\/openzfs-docs\/Basic%20Concepts\/dRAID%20Howto.html?highlight=draid\">DRAID<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2014 to je trenutno jo\u0161 uvijek neobjavljena usluga ZFS-a. Za razliku od RAIDZ, DRAID ima distribuirani paritet blok i pri oporavku koristi sve diskove u nizu, \u010dime bolje podnosi kvarove diskova i br\u017ee se obnavlja nakon problema. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Skladi\u0161te za sigurnosne kopije za tisu\u0107e virtualnih strojeva besplatnim alatima\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/aa867bbd4f52501c8708636d2cd1fb27.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Skladi\u0161te za sigurnosne kopije za tisu\u0107e virtualnih strojeva besplatnim alatima\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/47b0a233d5db5b66472e17fb5a822fad.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Imamo poslu\u017eitelj <strong>Fujitsu Primergy RX300 S7<\/strong> s procesorom <strong>Intel Xeon CPU E5-2650L 0 @ 1.80GHz<\/strong>, devet modula radne memorije <strong>Samsung DDR3-1333 8Gb PC3L-10600R ECC Registered (M393B1K70DH0-YH9)<\/strong>, diskovni okvir <strong>Supermicro SuperChassis 847E26-RJBOD1<\/strong>, povezan putem <strong>Dual LSI SAS2X36 Expander<\/strong> i 45 diskova <strong>Seagage ST6000NM0115-1YZ110<\/strong> o <strong>6TB<\/strong> svaki.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prije nego \u0161to donesemo odluku, prvo moramo sve pravilno testirati.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za to sam se pripremio i proveo testiranje raznih konfiguracija. Koristio sam minio, koji je slu\u017eio kao S3-backend i pokretao ga u raznim re\u017eimima s razli\u010ditim brojem ciljeva.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Uglavnom se testirao slu\u010daj minio u erasure coding protiv softverskog raida s istim brojem diskova i paritetnih diskova, to jest: RAID6, RAIDZ2 i DRAID2.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Za informaciju: kada pokrenete minio s jednim ciljem, minio funkcioni\u0161e u re\u017eimu S3-gateway-a, pru\u017eaju\u0107i va\u0161 lokalni datote\u010dni sustav kao S3-skladi\u0161te. Me\u0111utim, ako pokrenete minio s vi\u0161e ciljeva, automatski \u0107e se uklju\u010diti na\u010din Erasure Coding, koji \u0107e rasporediti podatke izme\u0111u va\u0161ih ciljeva i pru\u017eiti otpornost na gre\u0161ke.<\/p>\n<p>Zadano, minio dijeli ciljeve u grupe od 16 diskova, pri \u010demu svaka grupa ima 2 pariteta. To zna\u010di da mogu biti van funkcije dva diska istovremeno bez gubitka podataka.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Za testiranje performansi koristio sam 16 diskova od 6 TB svaki i pisao na njih male objekte veli\u010dine 1 MB, \u0161to je maksimalno precizno opisivalo na\u0161e budu\u0107e optere\u0107enje, budu\u0107i da svi moderni alati za rezervne kopije dijele podatke na blokove od nekoliko megabajta i tako ih pi\u0161u.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za provo\u0111enje benchmarka kori\u0161ten je alat s3bench pokretan na udaljenom serveru koji je slao desetke tisu\u0107a takvih objekata minio u stotinu niti. Nakon toga, poku\u0161avao je na isti na\u010din zatra\u017eiti ih natrag.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rezultati benchmarka prikazani su u sljede\u0107oj tablici:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Skladi\u0161te za sigurnosne kopije za tisu\u0107e virtualnih strojeva besplatnim alatima\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/218a14dcd9311e4b350a3b7aafbd290c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kao \u0161to vidimo, minio u re\u017eimu vlastitog erasure codinga radi znatno lo\u0161ije pri zapisivanju nego minio pokrenut iznad softverskog RAID6, RAIDZ2 i DRAID2 u istoj konfiguraciji.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Odvojeno su me <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/sds_ru\/15987\">zamolili<\/a><\/noindex> da testiram minio na ext4 vs XFS. Zapanjuju\u0107e, ali za moju vrstu optere\u0107enja XFS se pokazao znatno sporijim od ext4.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U prvom krugu testova, Mdadm je pokazao prednost nad ZFS-om, ali kasnije <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/gmelikov\/\" class=\"user_link\">gmelikov<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/sds_ru\/15724\">je sugerirao<\/a><\/noindex>, da se performanse ZFS-a mogu pobolj\u0161ati postavljanjem sljede\u0107ih opcija:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">xattr=sa atime=off recordsize=1M<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>i nakon toga su testovi s ZFS-om postali puno bolji.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tako\u0111er se mo\u017ee primijetiti da DRAID ne donosi posebnu prednost u performansama u odnosu na RAIDZ, ali bi teoretski trebao biti mnogo sigurniji.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U posljednja dva testa tako\u0111er sam poku\u0161ao premjestiti metapodatke (special) i ZIL (log) na ogledalo iz SSD-a. Me\u0111utim, premje\u0161tanje metapodataka nije donijelo posebnu korist u brzini zapisivanja, a kada sam premjestio ZIL, moje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.memory4less.com\/intel-ssd-ssdsc2ki128g8\">SSDSC2KI128G8<\/a><\/noindex> su udarili u plafon s 100% iskori\u0161tenjem, tako da smatram da je ovaj test neuspje\u0161an. Ne isklju\u010dujem mogu\u0107nost da bi, da sam imao br\u017ee SSD diskove, to moglo zna\u010dajno pobolj\u0161ati moje rezultate, ali, na\u017ealost, nisam ih imao.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na kraju sam odlu\u010dio stati na kori\u0161tenju DRAID-a, i unato\u010d svom beta statusu, on je najbr\u017ee i naju\u010dinkovitije rje\u0161enje za pohranu u na\u0161em slu\u010daju.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Stvorio sam jednostavan DRAID2 u konfiguraciji s tri grupe i dva distribuirana rezervnog dijela:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># zpool status data\n  pool: data\n state: ONLINE\n  scan: none requested\nconfig:\n\n    NAME                 STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM\n    data                 ONLINE       0     0     0\n      draid2:3g:2s-0     ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdy              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdam             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdf              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdau             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdab             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdo              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdw              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdak             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdd              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdas             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdm              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdu              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdai             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdaq             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdk              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sds              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdag             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdi              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdq              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdae             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdz              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdan             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdg              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdac             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdx              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdal             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sde              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdat             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdaa             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdn              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdv              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdaj             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdc              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdar             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdl              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdt              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdah             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdap             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdj              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdr              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdaf             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdao             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdh              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdp              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdad             ONLINE       0     0     0\n    spares\n      s0-draid2:3g:2s-0  AVAIL   \n      s1-draid2:3g:2s-0  AVAIL   \n\nerrors: No known data errors<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Dobro, rje\u0161ili smo pohranu, sad o tome \u010dime \u0107emo raditi rezervne kopije. Ovdje odmah \u017eelim pri\u010dati o tri rje\u0161enja koja sam uspio isprobati, a to su:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/benji-backup.me\">Benji Backup<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2014 fork <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/backy2.com\/\">Backy2<\/a><\/noindex>, specijalizirano rje\u0161enje za izradu sigurnosnih kopija blokovnih ure\u0111aja, ima blisku integraciju s Ceph-om. Mo\u017ee preuzimati razlike izme\u0111u snimaka i oblikovati od njih inkrementalnu sigurnosnu kopiju. Podr\u017eava veliku koli\u010dinu backendova za pohranu, uklju\u010duju\u0107i lokalne i S3. zahtijeva zasebnu bazu podataka za pohranu hash-tablica deduplikacije. Nedostaci uklju\u010duju: napisan je na python-u i ima ne\u0161to neodgovaraju\u0107i CLI.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/borgbackup.readthedocs.io\/en\/stable\/\">Borg Backup<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2014 fork <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/attic-backup.org\/\">Attic<\/a><\/noindex>, dugo poznato i provjereno sredstvo za izradu rezervnih kopija, mo\u017ee raditi rezervne kopije podataka i dobro ih deduplificirati. Mo\u017ee pohranjivati rezervne kopije i lokalno i na udaljenom poslu\u017eitelju putem scp. Mo\u017ee raditi rezervne kopije blokovnih ure\u0111aja ako se pokrene s flagom <code>--special<\/code>, od nedostataka: prilikom izrade rezervne kopije, repozitorij se potpuno blokira, stoga se preporu\u010duje stvaranje odvojenog repozitorija za svaku virtualnu ma\u0161inu, \u0161to zapravo nije problem, s obzirom na to da se vrlo lako stvaraju.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/restic.net\/\">Restic<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2014 aktivno razvijaju\u0107i projekt, napisan na go, dovoljno brz i podr\u017eava velik broj backendova za pohranu, uklju\u010duju\u0107i lokalnu pohranu, scp, S3 i mnoge druge. Posebno valja istaknuti da postoji posebno kreirani <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/restic\/rest-server\">rest-server<\/a><\/noindex> za restic, koji omogu\u0107uje najbr\u017ee izvo\u0111enje pohrane za kori\u0161tenje na daljinu. Od svih navedenih, najvi\u0161e mi se svidio. Mo\u017ee raditi rezervne kopije iz stdin. Gotovo da nema zna\u010dajnih nedostataka, ali postoje neke karakteristike:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Prvo, poku\u0161ao sam ga koristiti u re\u017eimu zajedni\u010dkog repozitorija za sve virtualne ma\u0161ine (poput Benjija) i to je \u010dak dobro funkcioniralo, ali operacije obnavljanja su trajale prili\u010dno dugo, jer svaki put, prije obnove, restic poku\u0161ava pro\u010ditati metapodatke svih rezervnih kopija. Ovaj problem se lako rije\u0161io, kao i s borgom, stvaranjem odvojenog repozitorija za svaku virtualnu ma\u0161inu. Ovaj pristup se tako\u0111er pokazao vrlo u\u010dinkovitim za upravljanje rezervnim kopijama. Odvojeni repozitoriji mogu imati posebnu lozinku za pristup podacima i ne moramo se bojati da bi globalni repo mogao nekako pokvariti. Nova repozitorija mo\u017ee se stvoriti tako\u0111er lako kao i u borg backupu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U svakom slu\u010daju, deduplikacija se vr\u0161i isklju\u010divo u odnosu na prethodnu verziju sigurnosne kopije. Prethodna sigurnosna kopija odre\u0111uje se prema putanji za odre\u0111enu sigurnosnu kopiju, pa ako pravite sigurnosne kopije razli\u010ditih objekata iz stdin u zajedni\u010dki repozitorij, ne zaboravite navesti opciju <code>--stdin-filename<\/code>, ili izri\u010dito svaki put navesti opciju <code>--parent<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Osim toga, vra\u0107anje u stdout traje znatno du\u017ee nego vra\u0107anje na datote\u010dni sustav zbog svoje paralelnosti. U budu\u0107nosti je planirano dodati bli\u017eu podr\u0161ku za sigurnosne kopije za blok ure\u0111aje.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Tre\u0107e, trenutno se preporu\u010duje kori\u0161tenje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.restic.net\/?sort=time&amp;order=desc\">verzije iz mastera<\/a><\/noindex>, budu\u0107i da verzija 0.9.6 ima gre\u0161ku sa dugim vra\u0107anjem velikih datoteka.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kako bismo testirali u\u010dinkovitost sigurnosne kopije i brzinu pisanja\/vra\u0107anja iz sigurnosne kopije, stvorio sam poseban repozitorij i poku\u0161ao napraviti sigurnosnu kopiju male slike virtualne ma\u0161ine (21 GB). Obavljena su dva sigurnosna kopiranja bez promjena originala, koriste\u0107i svako od navedenih rje\u0161enja, kako bismo provjerili koliko br\u017ee\/sporije se kopiraju deduplikovani podaci.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Skladi\u0161te za sigurnosne kopije za tisu\u0107e virtualnih strojeva besplatnim alatima\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/acab0d9f0d535e29ff272fef4e92de0f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kao \u0161to mo\u017eemo primijetiti, Borg Backup ima najbolji koeficijent u\u010dinkovitosti po\u010detne sigurnosne kopije, ali gubi po brzini i pisanja i vra\u0107anja.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Restic se pokazao br\u017eim od Benji Backup, ali du\u017ee obnavlja u stdout, a na\u017ealost jo\u0161 ne mo\u017ee pisati izravno u blok ure\u0111aj.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Odlu\u010div\u0161i sve za i protiv, odlu\u010dio sam se za <strong>restic<\/strong> s <strong>rest-server<\/strong> kao na najprikladnije i perspektivno rje\u0161enje za sigurnosnu kopiju.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/asciinema.org\/a\/333393\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Skladi\u0161te za sigurnosne kopije za tisu\u0107e virtualnih strojeva besplatnim alatima\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/cb174ab1522f529dea0712b64c0ac923.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U ovom screencastu mo\u017eete vidjeti kako se 10-gigabitna veza potpuno iskori\u0161tava prilikom vi\u0161e istovremeno pokrenutih operacija sigurnosne kopije. Va\u017eno je napomenuti da optere\u0107enje diskova pritom ne prelazi 30%.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rezultatom sam vi\u0161e nego zadovoljan!<\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/504152\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u041a \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 RAID5, RAID6 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":83101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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