{"id":86250,"date":"2020-06-23T13:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T11:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat"},"modified":"2020-06-23T13:42:20","modified_gmt":"2020-06-23T11:42:20","slug":"novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","title":{"rendered":"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Radna skupina zapo\u010dela je rad na standardu jo\u0161 2014. godine, a sada se radi na nacrtu 3.0. To se ne\u0161to razlikuje od prethodnih generacija standarda 802.11, jer je sav rad bio smje\u0161ten u dva nacrta. To se doga\u0111a zbog prili\u010dno velikog broja planiranih slo\u017eenih promjena, koje prema tome zahtijevaju detaljnije i slo\u017eenije testiranje kompatibilnosti. Izvorno, pred grupom je bio zadatak pobolj\u0161anja u\u010dinkovitosti kori\u0161tenja spektra kako bi se pove\u0107ala propusnost WLAN-a s visokom gusto\u0107om korisni\u010dkih stanica i pristupnih to\u010daka. Glavni pokreta\u010di razvoja standarda bili su: pove\u0107anje broja mobilnih korisnika, prijenos u\u017eivo na dru\u0161tvenim mre\u017eama (fokus na upload promet) i naravno IoT.<\/p>\n<h4>Shema novih inovacija izgleda ovako:<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/36a0bd4ee33a05f57900ba3ea9c409fc.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h4><b>MIMO 8\u00d78, vi\u0161e prostorskih tokova<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nPodr\u0161ka za MIMO 8\u00d78 dolazi, do 8SS (prostorskih tokova). Standard 802.11ac tako\u0111er je opisivao podr\u0161ku za 8 SS u teoriji, ali su u praksi pristupne to\u010dke 802.11ac 'wave 2' bile ograni\u010dene na podr\u0161ku za 4 prostorna toka. Prema tome, pristupne to\u010dke s podr\u0161kom za MIMO 8x8 mo\u0107i \u0107e istovremeno opslu\u017eiti do 8 klijenata 1x1, \u010detiri klijenta 2x2 itd.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/04f9880565115724d4c36ee000323846.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><b>MU-MIMO DL\/UL (Multi-User MIMO Downlink\/Uplink)<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nIstovremena podr\u0161ka za na\u010din rada vi\u0161e korisnika kako za download, tako i za upload kanal. Mogu\u0107nost istovremenog konkurentnog pristupa upload kanalu, grupiranje podataka i kontrolnih okvira omogu\u0107it \u0107e znatno smanjenje \u201eoverheada\u201c, \u0161to \u0107e dovesti do pove\u0107anja propusnosti i smanjenja vremena odaziva.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/4bf73e1a736677d222292fb240093278.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><b>Dugi OFDM simbol<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nOFDM radi u standardima 802.11a\/g\/n\/ac ve\u0107 oko 20 godina bez ikakvih promjena. Prema standardu, u kanalu \u0161irine 20MGz postavljeno je 64 podnositelja, koji su me\u0111usobno razmaknuti s intervalom od 312,5 kHz (20MHz\/64). Kako je tijekom tog vremena industrija poluvodi\u010da napredovala, u 802.11ah predlo\u017eeno je \u010detiri puta pove\u0107anje podnositelja na 256, s intervalom izme\u0111u podnositelja od 78,125 kHz. Duljina OFDM simbola (vrijeme) je veli\u010dina obrnuto proporcionalna frekvenciji, i ona \u0107e stoga tako\u0111er pove\u0107ati \u010detiri puta s 3,2 \u00b5s na 12,8 \u00b5s. Ovo pobolj\u0161anje \u0107e pove\u0107ati u\u010dinkovitost i pouzdanost prijenosa podataka, posebno u \u201eoutdoor\u201c WLAN.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/419a44a117fc1ec3668cb96606a397be.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/387221308864da403503298929f1ca0a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <\/p>\n<h4><b>Produ\u017eeni domet<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nDodane su nove vrijednosti za\u0161titnih intervala izme\u0111u frejmova, koje sada mogu iznositi 1,6 \u00b5s i 3,2 \u00b5s za \u00aboutdoor\u00bb WLAN, dok je za \u00abindoor\u00bb interval ostavljen 0,8 \u00b5s. Novi format paketa s pouzdanijom (du\u017eom) preambulom. Sve navedeno \u0107e omogu\u0107iti do \u010detiri puta ve\u0107e brzine povezivanja na granici mre\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/52b4048a122395892e753fb1e2edb143.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <\/p>\n<h4><b>OFDMA DL\/UL (Ortoogonalni pristup vi\u0161estrukim frekvencijama)<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nJedna od glavnih promjena je uvo\u0111enje OFDMA umjesto OFDM. Tehnologija OFDMA koristi se u LTE mre\u017eama i dokazala je svoju visoku u\u010dinkovitost. Razlika je u tome \u0161to u OFDM-u cijeli frekvencijski kanal zauzima jedan korisnik, a sljede\u0107i korisnik ne mo\u017ee zauzeti frekvencijski resurs dok se prijenos ne zavr\u0161i. U OFDMA, problem se rje\u0161ava tako da se kanal razdvaja na podkanale razli\u010ditih \u0161irina, poznatih kao RU (Jedince resursa). U praksi to zna\u010di da se 256 podno\u0161enja 20MHz kanala mo\u017ee podijeliti na RU od 26 podno\u0161enja. Za svaki RU mo\u017ee se dodijeliti vlastiti kodni raspored MCS, kao i snaga prijenosa.<br \/>\nSveukupno, to \u0107e donijeti zna\u010dajno pove\u0107anje kapaciteta mre\u017ee op\u0107enito, kao i propusnost za svakog pojedina\u010dnog korisnika.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/10ec320ccd52e9689906cd1050fae12f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ef07d56ff3145c1df555e78418366368.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><b>1024 QAM<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nDodani su novi MCS (skupovi modulacije i kodiranja) 10 i 11 za modulaciju 1024-QAM. To zna\u010di da \u0107e jedan simbol u ovom re\u017eimu prenositi 10 bita informacija, \u0161to predstavlja porast od 25% u odnosu na 8 bita u 256-QAM.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ccb86190a62b645de5c1d3b879ddff29.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <\/p>\n<h4><b>TWT (Cilj bu\u0111enja) \u2013 \u00abZakazivanje resursa za uplink\u00bb<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nMehanizam u\u0161tede energije koji se pokazao uspje\u0161nim u standardu 802.11ah i sada je prilago\u0111en u standardu 802.11ax. TWT omogu\u0107uje pristupnim to\u010dkama da obavijeste klijente kada da pre\u0111u u na\u010din u\u0161tede energije i pru\u017ea raspored kada se treba probuditi za prijem ili prijenos podataka. To su vrlo kratki vremenski periodi, ali mogu\u0107nost spavanja tijekom niza kratkih perioda imat \u0107e veliki zna\u010daj za rad baterije. Smanjenje \u00absukoba\u00bb i kolizija me\u0111u korisnicima pove\u0107at \u0107e vrijeme provedeno u na\u010dinu u\u0161tede energije. Ovisno o vrsti prometa, pobolj\u0161anje potro\u0161nje energije mo\u017ee iznositi od 65% do 95% (prema testovima Broadcom). Za IoT ure\u0111aje, podr\u0161ka za TWT je izuzetno va\u017ena.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/0b06bbc6184eec0eb5f803b232ab44f1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><b>BSS Boja \u2013 Prostor za ponovnu upotrebu<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nZa pove\u0107anje kapaciteta mre\u017ee visoke gusto\u0107e WLAN, potrebno je pove\u0107ati frekvenciju ponovne upotrebe kanalnih resursa. Kako bi se smanjio utjecaj susjednih BSS-ova koji rade na istom kanalu, predla\u017ee se ozna\u010davanje pomo\u0107u \u201ecolor-bit\u201c. To \u0107e omogu\u0107iti dinami\u010dko prilago\u0111avanje osjetljivosti CCA (clear channel assessment) i snage oda\u0161ilja\u010da. Kapacitet mre\u017ee \u0107e se pove\u0107ati zbijanjem kanalnog plana, pri \u010demu \u0107e postoje\u0107a interferencija imati manji utjecaj na izbor MCS.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Novi standard 802.11ah (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0161to je novo u njemu i kada ga o\u010dekivati?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/3c6764f39a83577809d9bfb07205cfd4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>U vezi s nadolaze\u0107im a\u017euriranjima sigurnosnih standarda do <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/globalsign\/blog\/415391\/\">WPA3<\/a><\/noindex>, ne \u0107e svi imati mogu\u0107nost rje\u0161avanja pitanja sigurnosti jednostavnim a\u017euriranjem softvera, stoga \u0107e tvrtka Extreme Networks ve\u0107 u \u010detvrtom kvartalu 2018. predstaviti pristupne to\u010dke s hardverskom podr\u0161kom za 802.11ah i WPA3. <\/p>\n<p>Dodatne informacije o <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/348472\/\">802.11ah<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/extremenetworks\/blog\/416327\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 2014 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 draft3.0. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 802.11, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":86251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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Ovaj se draft ne\u0161to razlikuje od prethodnih generacija standarda 802.11, jer je sav rad bio koncentriran u dva drafta.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"hr_HR","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 802.11\u0430\u0445 (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c? 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