{"id":95368,"date":"2020-09-28T13:42:14","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T11:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-openssh-8-4"},"modified":"2020-09-28T13:42:14","modified_gmt":"2020-09-28T11:42:14","slug":"reliz-openssh-8-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/reliz-openssh-8-4","title":{"rendered":"Izdanje OpenSSH 8.4","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nakon \u010detiri mjeseca razvoja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.mindrot.org\/pipermail\/openssh-unix-dev\/2020-September\/038826.html\">predstavljen<\/a><\/noindex> izdanje OpenSSH 8.4, otvorene implementacije klijenta i poslu\u017eitelja za rad s protokolima SSH 2.0 i SFTP.<\/p>\n<p>Glavne promjene:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Promjene vezane uz sigurnost:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> U ssh-agentu prilikom kori\u0161tenja FIDO klju\u010deva koji nisu stvoreni za autentifikaciju putem SSH (identifikator klju\u010da ne po\u010dinje sa \u2018ssh:\u2019), sada se provjerava da li \u0107e poruka biti potpisana koriste\u0107i metode koje se primjenjuju u SSH protokolu. Ova promjena ne\u0107e omogu\u0107iti preusmjeravanje ssh-agenta na udaljene hostove koji imaju FIDO klju\u010deve, radi blokiranja mogu\u0107nosti kori\u0161tenja tih klju\u010deva za generiranje potpisa web-autentikacijskih zahtjeva (suprotan slu\u010daj, kada preglednik mo\u017ee potpisati SSH zahtjev, izvorno je isklju\u010den, zahvaljuju\u0107i primjeni prefiksa \u2018ssh:\u2019 u identifikatoru klju\u010da).\n<li class=\"l\"> U ssh-keygenu, prilikom generiranja rezidentnog klju\u010da, uklju\u010dena je podr\u0161ka za dodatak credProtect, opisan u FIDO 2.1 specifikaciji, koji pru\u017ea dodatnu za\u0161titu za klju\u010deve putem obaveznog unosa PIN-a prije izvr\u0161enja bilo koje operacije koja mo\u017ee dovesti do izvla\u010denja rezidentnog klju\u010da iz tokena.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Promjene koje potencijalno naru\u0161avaju kompatibilnost:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Preporu\u010duje se kori\u0161tenje biblioteke libfido2 verzije 1.5.0 ili novije za podr\u0161ku FIDO\/U2F. Djelomi\u010dno je omogu\u0107ena upotreba i starih izdanja, ali u tom su slu\u010daju ne\u0107e biti dostupne funkcije, poput rezidentnih klju\u010deva, zahtjeva za PIN i povezivanja s vi\u0161e tokena.\n<li class=\"l\"> U ssh-keygenu, u format potvr\u0111uju\u0107ih informacija, opcionalno pohranjenih prilikom generiranja FIDO klju\u010da, dodati su podaci za autentifikator potrebni za provjeru potvr\u0111uju\u0107ih digitalnih potpisa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Promijenjen je API koji se koristi za interakciju OpenSSH-a s posrednikom za pristup FIDO tokenima.\n<li class=\"l\"> Prilikom izrade prijenosne verzije OpenSSH-a sada je potrebna automatska izrada za generiranje configure skripte i pripadaju\u0107ih datoteka za izgradnju (ako se izrada izvodi iz objavljenog tar datoteke s kodom, ponovna generacija configure nije potrebna).\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> U ssh i ssh-keygen dodana je podr\u0161ka za FIDO klju\u010deve koji zahtijevaju potvrdu putem PIN koda. Za generiranje klju\u010deva s PIN-om u ssh-keygen dodana je opcija \u2018verify-required\u2019. U slu\u010daju kori\u0161tenja takvih klju\u010deva, prije izvo\u0111enja operacije stvaranja potpisa korisniku se prikazuje zahtjev za potvrdu svojih radnji unosom PIN koda.\n<li class=\"l\"> U sshd-u u postavkama authorized_keys implementirana je opcija \u2018verify-required\u2019 koja zahtijeva kori\u0161tenje mogu\u0107nosti verifikacije prisutnosti korisnika tijekom operacija s tokenom. FIDO standard predvi\u0111a nekoliko opcija za takvu verifikaciju, ali trenutno u OpenSSH podr\u017eana je samo provjera temeljena na PIN kodu.\n<li class=\"l\"> U sshd-u i ssh-keygenu dodana je podr\u0161ka za provjeru digitalnih potpis\u00e2 koja su u skladu sa standardom FIDO Webauthn, omogu\u0107uju\u0107i kori\u0161tenje FIDO klju\u010deva u web preglednicima.\n<li class=\"l\"> U ssh-u u postavkama CertificateFile,<br \/>\n   ControlPath, IdentityAgent, IdentityFile, LocalForward i<br \/>\n   RemoteForward sada dopu\u0161ta substituciju vrijednosti iz varijabli okru\u017eenja, navedenih u formatu \u2018${ENV}\u2019. <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> U ssh-u i ssh-agentu dodana je podr\u0161ka za varijablu okru\u017eenja $SSH_ASKPASS_REQUIRE, koju mo\u017eete koristiti za uklju\u010divanje ili isklju\u010divanje poziva ssh-askpass.\n<li class=\"l\"> U ssh-u u ssh_config u direktivi AddKeysToAgent dodana je mogu\u0107nost ograni\u010davanja vremena trajanja klju\u010da. Nakon isteka zadanog ograni\u010denja, klju\u010devi se automatski uklanjaju iz ssh-agenta.\n<li class=\"l\"> U scp i sftp, uz pomo\u0107 zastavice \u2018-A\u2019 sada je mogu\u0107e izri\u010dito dopustiti preusmjeravanje u scp i sftp kori\u0161tenjem ssh-agenta (preusmjeravanje je po defaultu zabranjeno).\n<li class=\"l\"> U postavkama ssh dodana je podr\u0161ka za substituciju \u2018%k\u2019, koja odre\u0111uje ime klju\u010da hosta. Ova mogu\u0107nost mo\u017ee se koristiti za razdvajanje klju\u010deva po posebnim datotekama (na primjer, \u2018UserKnownHostsFile ~\/.ssh\/known_hosts.d\/%k\u2019).\n<li class=\"l\"> Dopustena je upotreba operacije \u2018ssh-add -d -\u2019 za \u010ditanje iz stdin klju\u010deva koji se trebaju ukloniti.\n<li class=\"l\"> U sshd-u osigurano je bilje\u017eenje po\u010detka i zavr\u0161etka procesa ograni\u010davanja veza, reguliranog putem parametra MaxStartups.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Razvijatelji OpenSSH-a tako\u0111er su podsjetili na nadolaze\u0107u promjenu statusa zastarjelih algoritama koji koriste SHA-1 he\u0161, u vezi s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52149\">pove\u0107anjem<\/a><\/noindex> efikasnosti kolizijskih napada sa zadanom prefiksom (tro\u0161ak pronalaska kolizije procjenjuje se na otprilike 45 tisu\u0107a dolara). U jednom od narednih izdanja planira se onemogu\u0107iti po defaultu kori\u0161tenje algoritma digitalnog potpisa putem javnog klju\u010da \u201essh-rsa\u201d, koji se spominje u originalnom RFC-u za SSH protokol i ostaje \u0161iroko rasprostranjen u praksi (za provjeru primjene ssh-rsa u vlastitim sustavima mo\u017eete poku\u0161ati povezati se putem ssh s opcijom \u201e-oHostKeyAlgorithms=-ssh-rsa\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>Kako bi se olak\u0161ao prijelaz na nove algoritme, u sljede\u0107em izdanju OpenSSH-a prema zadanim postavkama bit \u0107e uklju\u010dena opcija UpdateHostKeys, koja \u0107e automatski prebaciti klijente na sigurnije algoritme. Me\u0111u preporu\u010denim algoritmima za migraciju spomenuti su rsa-sha2-256\/512 temeljen na RFC8332 RSA SHA-2 (podr\u017eava od OpenSSH 7.2 i koristi se prema zadanim postavkama), ssh-ed25519 (podr\u017eava od OpenSSH 6.5) i ecdsa-sha2-nistp256\/384\/521 temeljen na RFC5656 ECDSA (podr\u017eava od OpenSSH 5.7). <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53793\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 OpenSSH 8.4, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c SSH 2.0 \u0438 SFTP. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0412 ssh-agent \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 FIDO, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 SSH (\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 &#171;ssh:&#187;), \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 OpenSSH 8.4, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" 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