{"id":95403,"date":"2020-09-28T19:43:15","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T17:43:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-3"},"modified":"2020-09-28T19:43:15","modified_gmt":"2020-09-28T17:43:15","slug":"vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-3","title":{"rendered":"Odabir arhitektonskog stila (dio 3)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><i>Pozdrav, Habr. Danas nastavljam seriju objava koju sam napisao posebno za po\u010detak novog toka te\u010daja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/z0Ur\/\">\u00abSoftverski arhitekt\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Uvod<\/h2>\n<p>\nOdabir arhitektonskog stila predstavlja jedno od temeljnih tehni\u010dkih rje\u0161enja prilikom izgradnje informacijskog sustava. U ovoj seriji \u010dlanaka predla\u017eem da prou\u010dimo najpopularnije arhitektonske stilove izgradnje aplikacija i odgovorimo na pitanje kada je koji arhitektonski stil najpo\u017eeljniji. Tijekom izlaganja poku\u0161at \u0107u izvesti logi\u010dki slijed koji obja\u0161njava razvoj arhitektonskih stilova od monolita do mikroservisa. <\/p>\n<p>Posljednji put smo razgovarali o razli\u010ditim vrstama monolita i upotrebi komponenti za njihovo izgradnju, uklju\u010duju\u0107i kako komponente za sastavljanje, tako i komponente za implementaciju. Istra\u017eili smo arhitekturu orijentiranu na usluge.<\/p>\n<p>Sada \u0107emo kona\u010dno definirati osnovne karakteristike mikroservisne arhitekture. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Odnos arhitektura<\/h2>\n<p>\nVa\u017eno je razumjeti da, prema podacima iz prethodnih \u010dlanaka, svaka usluga predstavlja komponentu, ali nije svaka usluga mikroservis. <\/p>\n<h2>Karakteristike mikroservisne arhitekture<\/h2>\n<p>\nOsnovne karakteristike mikroservisne arhitekture su:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Organizacija prema poslovnim mogu\u0107nostima (Organized around Business Capabilities)<\/li>\n<li>Proizvodi, a ne projekti (Products not Projects)<\/li>\n<li>Pametne ulazne to\u010dke i glupi kanali (Smart endpoints and dumb pipes)<\/li>\n<li>Decentralizirano upravljanje (Decentralized Governance)<\/li>\n<li>Decentralizirano upravljanje podacima (Decentralized Data Management)<\/li>\n<li>Automatizacija infrastrukture (Infrastructure Automation)<\/li>\n<li>Osiguranje od kvarova (Design for failure)<\/li>\n<li>Arhitektura s evolucijskim razvojem (Evolutionary Design)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPrva stavka dolazi iz arhitekture orijentirane na usluge, jer su mikroservisi posebni slu\u010dajevi usluga. Ostale stavke zaslu\u017euju posebno razmatranje.<\/p>\n<h2>Organizacija prema poslovnim mogu\u0107nostima (Organized around Business Capabilities)<\/h2>\n<p>\nSada je potrebno prisjetiti se Conwayevog zakona: organizacije koje stvaraju sustave organiziraju njihovu arhitekturu koja odra\u017eava strukturu interakcije unutar tih organizacija. Kao primjer, mo\u017eemo se prisjetiti izrade kompajlera: tim od sedam ljudi razvio je sedmoprocenatni kompajler, dok je tim od pet napravio petoprocentni.<\/p>\n<p>Ako govorimo o monolitima i mikroservisima, onda, ako je razvoj organiziran prema funkcionalnim odjelima (back-end, front-end, administratori baza podataka), to rezultira klasi\u010dnim monolitom. <\/p>\n<p>Za izradu mikroservisa, timove treba organizirati prema poslovnim mogu\u0107nostima (timovi za narud\u017ebe, otpreme, kataloge). Ova organizacija omogu\u0107ava timovima da se fokusiraju na izradu specifi\u010dnih dijelova aplikacije.<\/p>\n<h2>Proizvodi, a ne projekti (Products not Projects)<\/h2>\n<p>\nProjektni pristup pri kojem tim predaje razvijenu funkcionalnost drugim timovima u kontekstu mikroservisne arhitekture potpuno je neprikladan. Tim mora podr\u017eavati sustav tijekom cijelog njegovog \u017eivotnog ciklusa. Tvrtka Amazon, jedan od pionira u implementaciji mikroservisa, istaknula je: 'vi kreirate proizvod, a vi ga i pokre\u0107ete' ('you build, you run it'). Proizvodni pristup omogu\u0107ava timu da osjeti potrebe poslovanja. <\/p>\n<h2>Pametne ulazne to\u010dke i glupi kanali (Smart endpoints and dumb pipes)<\/h2>\n<p>\nSOA arhitektura posve\u0107ivala je veliku pa\u017enju komunikacijskim kanalima, posebno Enterprise Service Bus-u (servisna \u0161ina poduze\u0107a). To \u010desto dovodi do Erroneous Spaghetti Box, tj. slo\u017eenost monolita prelazi u slo\u017eenost veza izme\u0111u servisa. U mikroservisnoj arhitekturi koriste se samo jednostavni na\u010dini interakcije.<\/p>\n<h2>Decentralizirano upravljanje (Decentralized Governance)<\/h2>\n<p>\nKlju\u010dne odluke o mikroservisima trebaju donositi ljudi koji zaista razvijaju mikroservise. Ovdje se pod klju\u010dnim odlukama misli na izbor<br \/>\nprogramskih jezika, metodologije implementacije, javnih interfejsa itd. <\/p>\n<h2>Decentralizirano upravljanje podacima (Decentralized Data Management)<\/h2>\n<p>\nStandardni pristup, u kojem aplikacija oslanja na jednu bazu podataka, ne mo\u017ee uzeti u obzir specifi\u010dnosti svakog pojedinog servisa. MSA predvi\u0111a decentralizirano upravljanje podacima, do upotrebe razli\u010ditih tehnologija.<\/p>\n<h2>Automatizacija infrastrukture (Infrastructure Automation)<\/h2>\n<p>\nMSA podr\u017eava procese kontinuirane implementacije i isporuke. To se mo\u017ee ostvariti jedino automatizacijom procesa. Pri tome, implementacija velikog broja servisa vi\u0161e ne izgleda zastra\u0161uju\u0107e. Proces implementacije trebao bi postati rutinski. Drugi aspekt odnosi se na upravljanje servisima u proizvodnom okru\u017eenju. Bez automatizacije, upravljanje procesima pokrenutima u razli\u010ditim operativnim okru\u017eenjima postaje nemogu\u0107e.<\/p>\n<h2>Osiguranje od kvarova (Design for failure)<\/h2>\n<p>\nBrojni servisi MSA su podlo\u017eni kvarovima. Pri tome, obrada gre\u0161aka u distribuiranom sustavu nije trivijalna zada\u0107a. Arhitektura aplikacija mora biti otporna na takve kvarove. Rebecca Parsons smatra vrlo va\u017enim da vi\u0161e ne koristimo \u010dak ni me\u0111uprocesnu interakciju izme\u0111u servisa; umjesto toga, za vezu se oslanjamo na HTTP, koji nikako nije toliko pouzdan.<\/p>\n<h2>Arhitektura s evolucijskim razvojem (Evolutionary Design)<\/h2>\n<p>\nArhitektura MSA sustava mora se razvijati evolutivno. Po\u017eeljno je ograni\u010diti potrebne promjene granicama jedne usluge. Tako\u0111er je va\u017eno uzeti u obzir utjecaj na druge usluge. Tradicionalni pristup sastoji se u poku\u0161aju rje\u0161avanja ovog problema pomo\u0107u upravljanja verzijama, ali MSA podrazumijeva kori\u0161tenje upravljanja verzijama kao<br \/>\nkrajnje mjere.<\/p>\n<h2>Zaklju\u010dak<\/h2>\n<p>\nNakon svega re\u010denog, mo\u017eemo formulirati \u0161to su mikrosustavi. Mikrosustavna arhitektura je pristup razvoju pojedina\u010dne aplikacije u obliku seta malih usluga, od kojih svaka radi u svom vlastitom procesu i me\u0111usobno komunicira putem pojednostavljenih mehanizama, \u010desto API-interfejsom HTTP resursa. Ove usluge su izgra\u0111ene na poslovnim mogu\u0107nostima i mogu se neovisno implementirati pomo\u0107u potpuno<br \/>\nautomatiziranog mehanizma implementacije. Postoji minimalna razina centraliziranog upravljanja ovim uslugama, koje mogu biti napisane na razli\u010ditim programskim jezicima i koristiti razli\u010dite tehnologije pohrane podataka.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/z0Ur\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Odabir arhitektonskog stila (dio 3)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/f9ffd06c83921f64818842327c09108e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/519456\/\">Pro\u010ditajte dio 2<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/520870\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00abSoftware Architect\u00bb. \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":95404,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3) | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-28T17:43:15+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-28T17:43:15+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Odabir arhitektonskog stila (dio 3) | ProHoster","description":"Pozdrav, Habr.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-3","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"hr_HR","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3) | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-3","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-09-28T17:43:15+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-09-28T17:43:15+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"95403","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 11:06:26","updated":"2022-10-01 11:38:49","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95403"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95403\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95403"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95403"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}