{"id":96477,"date":"2020-10-12T13:42:06","date_gmt":"2020-10-12T11:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-9"},"modified":"2020-10-12T13:42:06","modified_gmt":"2020-10-12T11:42:06","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-9","title":{"rendered":"Izdanje jezgre Linux 5.9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nakon dva mjeseca razvoja, Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2020\/10\/11\/275\">predstavio<\/a><\/noindex> izdanje jezgre <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernel.org\/\">Linux 5.9<\/a><\/noindex>. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 GPL-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 FSGSBASE, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 Zstd, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol), \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0435 deadline, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, capability-\u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTOR, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 close_range(), \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 dm-crypt, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f 32-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c Xen PV, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e slab, \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f &#171;rescue&#187; \u0432 Btrfs, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 inline-\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 ext4 \u0438 F2FS.<\/p>\n<p>U novu verziju uklju\u010deno je 16074 ispravki od 2011 programera,<br \/>\n\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 62 \u041c\u0411 (\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 14548 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 782155 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430,  \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 314792 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438). \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 45% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 5.9<br \/>\npromjena odnosi se na drajvere ure\u0111aja, otprilike 15% promjena ima<br \/>\nna a\u017euriranje koda specifi\u010dnog za hardverske arhitekture, 13%<br \/>\n\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, 3% &#8212; \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 3% c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438<br \/>\npod sustave jezgre.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.9\">Glavne<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/828385\/\">novosti<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memorija i sistemske usluge<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53485\">Poja\u010dana<\/a><\/noindex> \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f GPL-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPL. \u0424\u043b\u0430\u0433 TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 GPL-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435-GPL \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 GPL-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPL, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 &#171;gplonly&#187;. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 (\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 GPL-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438).\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=facdaa917c4d5a376d09d25865f5a863f906234a\">Dodana<\/a><\/noindex> podr\u0161ka za mehanizam kcompactd za <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/817905\/\">proaktivno pakiranje stranica memorije<\/a><\/noindex> u pozadinskom re\u017eimu, koji omogu\u0107uje pove\u0107anje broja velikih stranica memorije dostupnih jezgru. Preliminarne procjene pokazuju da pozadinsko pakiranje uz minimalne tro\u0161kove omogu\u0107uje smanjenje ka\u0161njenja prilikom dodjeljivanja velikih stranica memorije (huge-page) za 70-80 puta u odnosu na prethodno kori\u0161teni mehanizam pakiranja koji se pokretao na zahtjev (on-demand). Za postavljanje granica vanjske fragmentacije koju \u0107e osigurati kcompactd, dodan je sysctl vm.compaction_proactiveness.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=48f7ddf785af24aa380f3282d8d4400883d0099e\">Dodana<\/a><\/noindex> podr\u0161ka za kompresiju slike jezgre koriste\u0107i algoritam <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=45058\">Zstandard<\/a><\/noindex> (zstd).\n<li class=\"l\"> Za x86 sustave implementirana je podr\u0161ka za instrukciju procesora <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/best-practices\/guidance-enabling-fsgsbase\">FSGSBASE<\/a><\/noindex>, koja omogu\u0107uje \u010ditanje i izmjenu sadr\u017eaja registara FS\/GS iz korisni\u010dkog prostora. U jezgri se FSGSBASE koristi za ubrzanje operacija prebacivanja konteksta izbacivanjem suvi\u0161nih operacija pisanja MSR za GSBASE, a u korisni\u010dkom prostoru omogu\u0107ava smanjenje suvi\u0161nih sistemskih poziva za promjenu FS\/GS.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a7e1f67ed29f\">Dodano<\/a><\/noindex> \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 &#171;allow_writes&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f MSR-\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 MSR \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c. \u041f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 MSR \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\n<li class=\"l\"> U su\u010delje asinkronog ulaza\/izlaza <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50631#io_uring\">io_uring<\/a><\/noindex> dodana je potpuna podr\u0161ka za asinkrone operacije baferiranog \u010ditanja koje ne zahtijevaju uklju\u010divanje jezgri. O\u010dekuje se podr\u0161ka za pisanje u sljede\u0107em izdanju.\n<li class=\"l\"> U planeru ulaza\/izlaza deadline <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=65065fd70b5a\">implementirano je<\/a><\/noindex> planiranje s obzirom na propusnost, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/821578\/\">omogu\u0107uju\u0107i<\/a><\/noindex> donositi to\u010dne odluke na asimetri\u010dnim sustavima, kao \u0161to su ARM sustavi temeljeni na arhitekturama  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arm.com\/why-arm\/technologies\/dynamiq\">DynamIQ<\/a><\/noindex> i big.LITTLE, koji kombiniraju sna\u017ene i manje performante energetski u\u010dinkovite CPU jezgri unutar jednog \u010dipa. Konkretno, novi re\u017eim omogu\u0107uje izbjegavanje neusagla\u0161enosti prilikom planiranja kada spora CPU jezgra nema dovoljno resursa za izvr\u0161avanje zadatka u zadatom roku.\n<li class=\"l\"> Model potro\u0161nje energije u jezgri (Energy Model framework) sada  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/7b7570ad0d76\">opisuje<\/a><\/noindex> ne pokriva samo pona\u0161anje potro\u0161nje energije CPU-a, ve\u0107 obuhva\u0107a i perifernu opremu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementiran je sistemski poziv close_range(), koji omogu\u0107uje procesu da jednim potezom zatvori cijeli opseg otvorenih datote\u010dnih deskriptora.\n<li class=\"l\"> Iz implementacije tekstualne konzole i voza\u010da fbcon <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53714\">uklonjen kod<\/a><\/noindex>, koja omogu\u0107ava programsko pomicanje teksta unatrag (CONFIG_VGACON_SOFT_SCROLLBACK) vi\u0161e od kapaciteta video memorije tekstualnog moda VGA.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/818388\/\">Revidirano<\/a><\/noindex> algoritam dodjele prioriteta za tokove unutar jezgre. Nova verzija osigurava bolju uskla\u0111enost u svim pod sustavima jezgre pri dodjeli prioriteta za zadatke u stvarnom vremenu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je sysctl <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=1f73d1abe5836bd8ffe747ff5cb7561b17ce5bc6\">sched_uclamp_util_min_rt_default<\/a><\/noindex>  za upravljanje parametrima forsiranja frekvencije CPU-a za zadatke u stvarnom vremenu (na primjer, mogu\u0107e je u hodu mijenjati pona\u0161anje pri izvr\u0161avanju zadataka u stvarnom vremenu radi u\u0161tede energije nakon prelaska na napajanje iz baterije ili na mobilnim sustavima).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pripremljena je podr\u0161ka za tehnologiju Transparent Huge Pages u stranicnom predmemoriranju.\n<li class=\"l\"> U mehanizmu fanotify implementirane su nove zastavice FAN_REPORT_NAME i FAN_REPORT_DIR_FID za prijenos informacija o roditeljskom imenu i jedinstvenom identifikatoru FID prilikom doga\u0111aja stvaranja, brisanja ili premje\u0161tanja elemenata direktorija koji se ne odnose na direktorije.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za cgroups <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52790\">implementiran<\/a><\/noindex> novi kontroler raspodjele memorije slab (slab memory controller), koji se isti\u010de prijenosom vo\u0111enja slab-a s razine stranica memorije na razinu objekata jezgre, \u010dime se omogu\u0107ava zajedni\u010dko kori\u0161tenje slab-stranica u razli\u010ditim cgroup-ima, umjesto da se dodjeljuju odvojeni ke\u0161evi slab za svaku cgroup. Predlo\u017eeni pristup omogu\u0107ava pobolj\u0161anje u\u010dinkovitosti kori\u0161tenja slab-a, smanjuju\u0107i veli\u010dinu memorije kori\u0161tene za slab za 30-45%, zna\u010dajno smanjuju\u0107i ukupnu potro\u0161nju memorije od strane jezgre i smanjuju\u0107i fragmentaciju memorije.\n<li class=\"l\"> U audio pod sustavu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53404\">ALSA<\/a><\/noindex> i  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53508\">USB-steku<\/a><\/noindex>, u skladu s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53342\">nedavno usvojenim<\/a><\/noindex> \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 &#171;slave&#187;, &#171;master&#187;, &#171;blacklist&#187; \u0438 &#171;whitelist&#187;.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizacija i sigurnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Prilikom izgradnje jezgre koriste\u0107i kompajler Clang <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/f0fe00d4972a\">dodana je<\/a><\/noindex> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 (CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO) \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 (\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f &#171;-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero&#187;) .\n<li class=\"l\"> U pod sustav seccomp, prilikom kori\u0161tenja re\u017eima kontrole procesa u korisni\u010dkom prostoru, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c97aedc52dce4c87d4c44de4e6af941cd102600c\">dodana<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7cf97b12545503992020796c74bd84078eb39299\">mogu\u0107nost<\/a><\/noindex> zamjene u pra\u0107enom procesu datote\u010dnih deskriptora za potpunu emulaciju sistemskih poziva koji dovode do stvaranja datote\u010dnih deskriptora. Ova funkcionalnost je tra\u017eena u sustavima izoliranih kontejnera i implementaciji sandboxa za Chrome.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za arhitekture xtensa i csky dodana je podr\u0161ka za ograni\u010davanje sistemskih poziva putem pod-sustava seccomp. Za xtensa dodatno je implementirana podr\u0161ka za mehanizam revizije.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/74858abbb103\">Dodano<\/a><\/noindex> novi capability-flag CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE, koji omogu\u0107ava pristup mogu\u0107nostima vezanim uz pauziranje i obnavljanje stanja procesa bez prijenosa dodatnih privilegija.\n<li class=\"l\"> U GCC 11 implementirane su sve mogu\u0107nosti potrebne za<br \/>\nalat za dijagnostiku KCSAN (Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer), namijenjen dinami\u010dkom otkrivanju stanja utrke unutar jezgre. Tako, KCSAN se sada mo\u017ee koristiti s kernelima sastavljenim u GCC-u. <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za AMD Zen i novije modele CPU <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/dea286bb71baded7d2fb4f090e3b9fd2c1ccac58\">dodana<\/a><\/noindex> podr\u0161ka za tehnologiju P2PDMA, koja omogu\u0107ava DMA za izravni prijenos podataka izme\u0111u memorije dva ure\u0111aja povezana s PCI sabirnicom.\n<li class=\"l\"> U dm-crypt dodan je na\u010din koji omogu\u0107ava smanjenje latencije putem izvr\u0161avanja kriptografske obrade podataka bez kori\u0161tenja radnih redova. Ova opcija je tako\u0111er potrebna za pravilno funkcioniranje s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52092\">zoniranim<\/a><\/noindex> blok ure\u0111ajima (ure\u0111aji s podru\u010djima koja se moraju zapisivati sekvencijalno uz a\u017euriranje cijele grupe blokova). Ulo\u017eeni su napori na pove\u0107anju propusnosti i smanjenju latencije u dm-crypt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uklonjen je kod za podr\u0161ku 32-bitnim gostuju\u0107im sustavima koji rade u re\u017eimu para-virtualizacije pod upravom hipervizora Xen. Korisnicima takvih sustava preporu\u010duje se prelazak na kori\u0161tenje 64-bitnih kernela u gostuju\u0107im okru\u017eenjima ili kori\u0161tenje re\u017eima pune (HVM) ili kombinirane (PVH) virtualizacije umjesto para-virtualizacije (PV) za pokretanje okru\u017eenja.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistem diska, ulaz\/izlaz i datote\u010dni sustavi<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> U datote\u010dnom sustavu Btrfs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/74ef00185eb864252156022ff129b01549504175\">implementirano je<\/a><\/noindex> \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f &#171;rescue&#187;, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0439 &#171;alloc_start&#187; \u0438 &#171;subvolrootid&#187;, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f &#171;inode_cache&#187;.  \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 fsync(). <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=137c541821a83debb63b3fa8abdd1cbc41bdf3a1\">Dodana<\/a><\/noindex> mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161tenja alternativnih tipova kontrolnih zbrojeva, razli\u010ditih od CRC32c.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=690b25675f5c9c082cb1b902e6d21dd956754e7e\">Dodana<\/a><\/noindex> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f inline-\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f  (Inline Encryption) \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445  ext4 \u0438 F2FS, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f &#171;inlinecrypt&#187;. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c inline-\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c  \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430.\n<li class=\"l\"> U XFS-u  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=5631c5e0eb9035d92ceb20fcd9cdb7779a3f5cc7\">osigurano<\/a><\/noindex>  resetiranje inode-a (flush) u potpuno asinkronom re\u017eimu, koji ne blokira procese tijekom izvr\u0161avanja operacije \u010di\u0161\u0107enja memorije. Rije\u0161en je dugogodi\u0161nji problem s kvotama, zbog kojeg su se neispravno pratili upozorenja o prekora\u010denju mekog limita i ograni\u010denja na broj inode-a. Ujedna\u010dena je implementacija podr\u0161ke za DAX za ext4 i xfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> U Ext4 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=cfd73237722135807967f389bcbda558a60a30d6\">implementirano je<\/a><\/noindex> proaktivno u\u010ditavanje bitmapa raspodjele blokova. U kombinaciji s ograni\u010denjem skeniranja neinicijaliziranih grupa, optimizacija je omogu\u0107ila smanjenje vremena montiranja vrlo velikih particija.\n<li class=\"l\"> U F2FS <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/9af846486d781a63de025a5f502c515268e48790\">dodana je<\/a><\/noindex> ioctl F2FS_IOC_SEC_TRIM_FILE, koji omogu\u0107ava kori\u0161tenje komandi TRIM\/discard za fizi\u010dko poni\u0161tavanje specifi\u010dnih podataka u datoteci, na primjer, za uklanjanje pristupnih klju\u010deva bez ostavljanja preostalih podataka na ure\u0111aju.<br \/>\nU F2FS tako\u0111er <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/0e5e81114de1c4ac32e36f057256653a04f27a33\">dodana je<\/a><\/noindex> novi na\u010din prikupljanja sme\u0107a GC_URGENT_LOW, koji radi agresivnije isklju\u010duju\u0107i neka provjeravanja stanja mirovanja (idle) prije pokretanja sakuplja\u010da sme\u0107a.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> U bcacheu veli\u010dina bucket_size za ekstenzije pove\u0107ana je s 16 na 32 bita u okviru pripreme za omogu\u0107avanje primjene za cache zoni\u010dnih ure\u0111aja.\n<li class=\"l\"> U SCSI podsustav dodana je mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161tenja inline-enkripcije na temelju ugra\u0111enih sredstava hardverskog \u0161ifriranja, koje osiguravaju UFS kontroleri (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/scsi\/ufs.txt\">Univerzalno flash pohranu<\/a><\/noindex>).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 &#171;debugfs&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e-\u0424\u0421.\n<li class=\"l\"> U klijentu NFSv4.2 osigurana je podr\u0161ka za pro\u0161irene atribute datoteka (xattr).\n<li class=\"l\"> U dm-dust <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=0c248ea27fc88cf8a3035ba0ed75b210be9abf80\">dodana je<\/a><\/noindex> \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 bad-\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 (&#171;dmsetup message dust1 0 listbadblocks&#187;).\n<li class=\"l\"> Za md\/raid5 dodan je parametar \/sys\/block\/md1\/md\/stripe_size za pode\u0161avanje veli\u010dine STRIPE bloka.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za NVMe ure\u0111aje za pohranu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=240e6ee272c07a2636dfc7d65f5bbb18377c49e5\">dodana<\/a><\/noindex> podr\u0161ka za naredbe za zoniranje ure\u0111aja (ZNS, NVM Express Zoned Namespace), koja omogu\u0107ava razdvajanje prostora za pohranu na zone koje \u010dine grupe blokova, radi potpunijeg upravljanja smje\u0161tajem podataka na ure\u0111aju.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Mre\u017eni subsistem<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> U Netfilter <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=f53b9b0bdc59c0823679f2e3214e0d538f5951b9\">dodana<\/a><\/noindex> mogu\u0107nost odbijanja paketa prije provjere usmjeravanja (izravan REJECT sada se mo\u017ee koristiti ne samo u INPUT, FORWARD i OUTPUT lancima, ve\u0107 i u PREROUTING fazi za icmp i tcp).\n<li class=\"l\"> U nftables  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/8e6cf365e1d5c70e275a77a3c5ad7e3dc685474c\">dodana<\/a><\/noindex> mogu\u0107nost revizije doga\u0111aja povezanih s promjenom konfiguracije.\n<li class=\"l\"> U nftables u API netlink <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=74cccc3d38438b346e40a4f8133cff3f0839ff84\">dodana<\/a><\/noindex> podr\u0161ka anonimnim lancima, \u010dije ime dinami\u010dki dodjeljuje jezgra. Kada se ukloni pravilo povezano s anonimnim lancem, automatski se uklanja i sam lanac.\n<li class=\"l\"> BPF je dodao podr\u0161ku za iteratore za prolazak, filtriranje i promjenu elemenata asocijativnih nizova (map) bez kopiranja podataka u korisni\u010dki prostor. Iteratorima se mo\u017ee koristiti za TCP i UDP sokete, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava BPF programima da prolaze kroz popise otvorenih soketa i izvuku potrebne informacije.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je nova vrsta BPF programa BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP, koja se pokre\u0107e kada jezgra tra\u017ei odgovaraju\u0107i slu\u0161aju\u0107i soket za dolaznu vezu. Uz pomo\u0107 takvog BPF programa mo\u017ee se stvarati obrada koja donosi odluke o tome s kojim soketom treba povezati vezu, bez ograni\u010denja na sistemski poziv bind(). Na primjer, mogu\u0107e je organizirati povezivanje jednog soketa s rasponom adresa ili portova. Tako\u0111er je u bpf_setsockopt() dodana podr\u0161ka za flag SO_KEEPALIVE i omogu\u0107ena je mogu\u0107nost uspostavljanja obrada BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE, pozvanih prilikom osloba\u0111anja soketa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementirana je podr\u0161ka za protokol <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parallel_Redundancy_Protocol\">PRP<\/a><\/noindex> (Parallel Redundancy Protocol), koji omogu\u0107uje transparentno prebacivanje na rezervni kanal u slu\u010daju kvara bilo kojih komponenti mre\u017ee, temeljen na Ethernetu.\n<li class=\"l\"> U mac80211 steku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=f96622749a67d40ad5efe8a58d5fc95313097aa0\">dodana<\/a><\/noindex> podr\u0161ka za \u010detverostepeno uskla\u0111ivanje kanala WPA\/WPA2-PSK u re\u017eimu pristupne to\u010dke.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je mogu\u0107nost prebacivanja raspore\u0111iva\u010da qdisc (disciplinu redoslijeda) na kori\u0161tenje zadanog algoritma upravljanja mre\u017enim redovima FQ-PIE (Flow Queue PIE), koji je usmjeren na smanjenje negativnog utjecaja me\u0111uspremnicima paketa na granici mre\u017ene opreme (bufferbloat) u mre\u017eama s kabelskim modemima.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodane su nove mogu\u0107nosti u MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), pro\u0161irenja TCP protokola za organiziranje TCP veze s istodobnom isporukom paketa putem vi\u0161e ruta kroz razli\u010dite mre\u017ene su\u010delje vezane uz razli\u010dite IP adrese. Dodana je podr\u0161ka za syn cookie, DATA_FIN, automatsku konfiguraciju bafer\u00e2, dijagnostiku soketa te kori\u0161tenje oznaka REUSEADDR, REUSEPORT i V6ONLY u setsockopt.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c &#171;strict&#187;. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445.\n<li class=\"l\"> U be\u017ei\u010dnom upravlja\u010dkom programu ath11k <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c5625abaf8266307d2237a75143b27be7afafcdf\">dodana<\/a><\/noindex> podr\u0161ka za frekvenciju od 6GHz i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=9d11b7bff9508101d05f06e461ab81b5f0dc90ae\">spektar skeniranja<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Oprema<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uklonjen je kod za podr\u0161ku arhitekturi UniCore, razvijenoj u mikroprocesorskom centru Pekin\u0161kog sveu\u010dili\u0161ta i uklju\u010denoj u jezgru Linuxa 2011. godine. Ova arhitektura je od 2014. godine bez podr\u0161ke i nema podr\u0161ku u GCC-u.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za arhitekturu RISC-V implementirana je podr\u0161ka za <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/v4.17\/dev-tools\/kcov.html\">kcov<\/a><\/noindex> (debugfs su\u010delje za analizu pokrivenosti koda jezgre), kmemleak (sustav za otkrivanje curenja memorije), za\u0161titu staka, oznake prijenosa i tickless operacije (neovisno o signalima tajmera vi\u0161ezada\u0107nost).\n<li class=\"l\"> Za arhitekturu PowerPC implementirana je podr\u0161ka za redove za spinlock, \u0161to je zna\u010dajno pove\u0107alo performanse u situacijama sukoba zaklju\u010davanja.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za arhitekture ARM i ARM64 po defaultu se koristi mehanizam regulacije frekvencije procesora <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/cpu-freq\/governors.txt\">schedutil<\/a><\/noindex> (cpufreq guverner), koji za dono\u0161enje odluke o promjeni frekvencije izravno koristi informacije od raspore\u0111iva\u010da zadataka i mo\u017ee odmah komunicirati s cpufreq upravlja\u010dima za trenutnu promjenu frekvencije, odmah prilago\u0111avaju\u0107i parametre rada CPU-a trenutnom optere\u0107enju.\n<li class=\"l\"> U DRM upravlja\u010dkom programu i915 za Intel grafi\u010dke kartice uklju\u010dena je podr\u0161ka za \u010dipove na bazi mikroarhitekture <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rocket_Lake\">Rocket Lake<\/a><\/noindex> i dodana je osnovna podr\u0161ka za diskretne kartice <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2020\/1\/9\/21058422\/intel-dg1-discrete-gpu-graphics-card-announcement-ces-2020\">Intel Xe DG1<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> U upravlja\u010dkom programu amdgpu dodana je osnovna podr\u0161ka za AMD GPU <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/torvalds\/c\/206739119508d5ab4b42ab480ff61a7e6cd72d7c\">Navi 21<\/a><\/noindex> (Navy Flounder) i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/torvalds\/c\/9555152beb1143c85c03f9b9de59863cbbe89f4b\">Navi 22<\/a><\/noindex> (Sienna Cichlid). Dodana je podr\u0161ka za mehanizme ubrzanja kodiranja i dekodiranja videa UVD\/VCE za GPU Southern Islands (Radeon HD 7000).<br \/>\nDodana je opcija za rotaciju prikaza za 90, 180 ili 270 stupnjeva. <\/p>\n<p>Zanimljivo je da je upravlja\u010dki program za AMD GPU <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phoronix.com\/scan.php?page=news_item&#038;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats\">je postao<\/a><\/noindex> \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 &#8212; \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 2.71 \u043c\u043b\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 10% \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 (27.81 \u043c\u043b\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a). \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c 1.79 \u043c\u043b\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 GPU, \u0430 \u0421\u0438-\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 366 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 Intel i915 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 209 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0430 Nouveau &#8212; 149 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447).<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> U Nouveau drajveru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=12885ecbfe62df4358d452080d3b8feef54ec8cb\">dodana<\/a><\/noindex> podr\u0161ka za provjeru integriteta okvira putem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/NVIDIA\/open-gpu-doc\/blob\/master\/Display-CRC\/display-crc.txt\">CRC<\/a><\/noindex> (Ciklusi redundancije) u grafi\u010dkim motorima GPU NVIDIA. Implementacija se temelji na dokumentaciji koju pru\u017ea NVIDIA.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodani drajveri za LCD panele: Frida FRD350H54004, KOE TX26D202VM0BWA, CDTech S070PWS19HP-FC21, CDTech S070SWV29HG-DC44, Tianma TM070JVHG33 i Xingbangda XBD599.\n<li class=\"l\"> U zvu\u010dnoj podsklopu ALSA implementirana je podr\u0161ka <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/tiwai\/sound.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&#038;id=951894cf30f417443d9e0eda33312613c2a7edf6\">za uklju\u010divanje u Linux jezgru 5.9, isti\u010de se implementacija podr\u0161ke<\/a><\/noindex> Intel Silent Stream (na\u010din stalnog odr\u017eavanja napajanja za vanjske HDMI ure\u0111aje kako bi se izbjeglo ka\u0161njenje prilikom pokretanja reprodukcije) i  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/tiwai\/sound.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&#038;id=c7440acc859778eed74b223fc41f094133aeaaf0\">novog ure\u0111aja<\/a><\/noindex> za upravljanje pozadinskim osvjetljenjem tipki za aktivaciju mikrofona i isklju\u010divanje zvuka, a tako\u0111er je dodana podr\u0161ka za novu opremu, uklju\u010duju\u0107i kontroler <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/tiwai\/sound.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&#038;id=61eee4a7fc406f94e441778c3cecbbed30373c89\">Loongson 7A1000<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana podr\u0161ka za ARM platforme, ure\u0111aje i platforme: Pine64 PinePhone v1.2, Lenovo IdeaPad Duet 10.1, ASUS Google Nexus 7, Acer Iconia Tab A500, Qualcomm Snapdragon SDM630 (koji se koristi u Sony Xperia 10, 10 Plus, XA2, XA2 Plus i XA2 Ultra), Jetson Xavier NX, Amlogic WeTek Core2, Aspeed EthanolX, pet novih plo\u010da temeljenih na NXP i.MX6, MikroTik RouterBoard 3011, Xiaomi Libra, Microsoft Lumia 950, Sony Xperia Z5, MStar, Microchip Sparx5, Intel Keem Bay, Amazon Alpine v3, Renesas RZ\/G2H.\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zajedno je latinskoameri\u010dka Zaklada za slobodan softver <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">formirala<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nvarijantu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">potpuno slobodne jezgre 5.9<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linux-libre.fsfla.org\/pub\/linux-libre\/releases\/5.9-gnu\/\">Linux-libre 5.9-gnu<\/a><\/noindex>, o\u010di\u0161\u0107ene od elemenata firmvera i drajvera koji sadr\u017ee neslobodne komponente ili dijelove koda \u010dija je primjena ograni\u010dena od strane proizvo\u0111a\u010da. U novom izdanju onemogu\u0107eno je u\u010ditavanje blobova u drajverima za WiFi rtw8821c i SoC MediaTek mt8183. A\u017euriran je kod za \u010di\u0161\u0107enje blobova u drajverima i podsklopovima Habanalabs, Wilc1000, amdgpu, mt7615, i915 CSR, Mellanox mlxsw (Spectrum3), r8169 (rtl8125b-2) i x86 touchscreen.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53830\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.9. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 GPL-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 FSGSBASE, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 Zstd, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol), \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043e\u043c 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