Vrhovni sud SAD-a donio je presudu koja se odnosi na dugotrajni pravni postupak \"Oracle protiv Google\" koji traje od 2010. godine, vezan za kori\u0161tenje Java API-ja na Android platformi. Sud je stao na stranu Google-a i priznao da je kori\u0161tenje Java API-ja oblik po\u0161tenog kori\u0161tenja. <\/p>\n
Sud je saglasan da je cilj Google-a bio stvaranje druga\u010dijeg sistema fokusiranog na rje\u0161avanje zadatka za druga\u010dije ra\u010dunalno okru\u017eenje (smartphone), a razvoj Android platforme pomogao je da se realizira i popularizira taj cilj. Povijest pokazuje da postoje razli\u010diti putevi putem kojih ponovna implementacija interfejsa mo\u017ee doprinijeti daljem razvoju ra\u010dunalnih programa. Namjere Google-a su bile usmjerene na postizanje takvog kreativnog napretka, \u010dije o\u010duvanje je glavni zadatak autorskog prava. <\/p>\n
Tvrtka Google je posudila otprilike 11500 redaka opisivanja struktura API-ja, \u0161to \u010dini samo 0.4% od ukupne implementacije API-ja koja broji 2.86 milijuna redaka. Uzimaju\u0107i u obzir obim i zna\u010daj kori\u0161tenog dijela koda, 11500 redaka je sud smatrao samo malim dijelom zna\u010dajno ve\u0107eg cjeline. U okviru programskog interfejsa, kopirani redci su neodvojivo povezani s drugim kodom (koji ne pripada Oracle-u), koji koriste programeri. Tvrtka Google je kopirala spornu porciju koda ne zbog njene savr\u0161enosti ili funkcionalnih prednosti, ve\u0107 zato \u0161to je omogu\u0107ila programerima da iskoriste postoje\u0107e vje\u0161tine u novom ra\u010dunalnom okru\u017eenju za smartphone. <\/p>\n
Podsjetimo, 2012. godine sudac s iskustvom u programiranju slo\u017eio se s pozicijom Google-a i priznao da je stablo imena API-a dio strukture naredbi \u2014 skupa simbola vezanih za odre\u0111enu funkciju. Takva struktura je prema autorskom pravu izuzeta od za\u0161tite, jer je dupliciranje strukture naredbi nu\u017eno za osiguranje kompatibilnosti i prenosivosti. Stoga identitet redaka s deklaracijama i naslovnim opisima metoda nije bitan \u2014 za postizanje sli\u010dne funkcionalnosti imena funkcija API-a moraju se poklapati, \u010dak i ako je sama funkcionalnost implementirana na druga\u010diji na\u010din. S obzirom na to da postoji samo jedan na\u010din izra\u017eavanja ideje ili funkcije, svatko mo\u017ee koristiti identi\u010dne deklaracije, a nitko ne mo\u017ee monopolizirati takve izraze. <\/p>\n
Tvrtka Oracle ulo\u017eila je \u017ealbu i ostvarila ukidanje presude na federalnom \u017ealbenom sudu SAD-a \u2014 \u017ealbeni sud je priznao da je Java API intelektualno vlasni\u0161tvo Oracle-a. Nakon toga, Google je promijenio strategiju i poku\u0161ao dokazati da implementacija Java API-ja na Android platformi predstavlja oblik po\u0161tenog kori\u0161tenja, i ta je taktika bila uspje\u0161na. Pozicija Google-a bila je da stvaranje prenosivog softvera ne zahtijeva dobivanje licence za API, a ponavljanje API-ja radi stvaranja kompatibilnih funkcionalnih ekvivalenata spada u \"po\u0161teno kori\u0161tenje\". Prema Google-u, kategorizacija API-ja kao intelektualnog vlasni\u0161tva negativno \u0107e utjecati na industriju budu\u0107i da potkopava razvoj inovacija, a stvaranje kompatibilnih funkcionalnih ekvivalenata softverskih platformi moglo bi postati predmet pravnih tu\u017ebi. <\/p>\n
Tvrtka Oracle po drugi put podnosi \u017ealbu, a ponovno je predmet preispitan u njezinu korist. Sud je odlu\u010dio da princip \u201epo\u0161tene upotrebe\u201c nije primjenjiv na Android, jer ovu platformu razvija tvrtka Google s profitnim ciljevima, ostvarivanim ne kroz direktnu prodaju svog softverskog proizvoda, ve\u0107 kroz kontrolu nad prate\u0107im uslugama i ogla\u0161avanjem. U tom smislu, Google zadr\u017eava kontrolu nad korisnicima putem proprietary API-a za interakciju sa svojim uslugama, koji je zabranjeno koristiti za izradu funkcionalnih ekvivalenata, tj. kori\u0161tenje Java API-a ne ograni\u010dava se samo na nekomercijalnu upotrebu. U odgovoru, kompanija Google podnosi zahtjev najvi\u0161em sudu i Vrhovni sud SAD-a ponovno se vra\u0107a na razmatranje pitanja pripadnosti programsko-su\u010delnih su\u010delja (API) intelektualnom vlasni\u0161tvu te donosi kona\u010dnu odluku u korist Googlea. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0441 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 «Oracle \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 Google», \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Java API \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 Android. \u0421\u0443\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 Google \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 Java API \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (fair use). \u0421\u0443\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e Google \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Google je pobijedio u pravnom sporu s Oracleom vezanom uz Java i Android | ProHoster","description":"Vrhovni sud SAD-a donio je odluku vezanu uz 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Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"