{"id":99682,"date":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","slug":"rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","title":{"rendered":"Rust je uklju\u010den me\u0111u glavne jezike za razvoj Android platforme","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tvrtka Google najavila je uklju\u010divanje programskog jezika Rust me\u0111u jezike dopu\u0161tene za razvoj Android platforme. Kompajler jezika Rust je uklju\u010den u stablo izvornog koda Androida jo\u0161 2019. godine, no podr\u0161ka za ovaj jezik ostala je eksperimentalna. Jedna od prvih komponenti na Rustu koja \u0107e biti isporu\u010dena u Androidu su nove implementacije mehanizama me\u0111uprocesne komunikacije Binder i Bluetooth staka. <\/p>\n

Uvo\u0111enje Rusta provedeno je u sklopu projekta za ja\u010danje sigurnosti, promociju sigurnih programerskih praksi i pove\u0107anje u\u010dinkovitosti otkrivanja problema pri radu s memorijom u Androidu. Napominje se da oko 70% svih kriti\u010dnih ranjivosti otkrivenih u Androidu uzrokovane su gre\u0161kama pri radu s memorijom. Upotreba jezika Rust, koji se fokusira na sigurno upravljanje memorijom i omogu\u0107ava automatsko upravljanje memorijom, smanjit \u0107e rizik od ranjivosti uzrokovanih gre\u0161kama pri radu s memorijom, kao \u0161to su pristupanje podru\u010djima memorije nakon \u0161to su oslobo\u0111ena i prekora\u010denje granica bafera. <\/p>\n

Sigurno upravljanje memorijom osigurava se u Rustu tijekom kompajliranja kroz provjeru referenci, pra\u0107enje vlasni\u0161tva nad objektima i ra\u010dunanje vremena \u017eivota objekata (opseg vidljivosti), kao i kroz procjenu ispravnosti pristupa memoriji tijekom izvo\u0111enja koda. Rust tako\u0111er pru\u017ea sredstva za za\u0161titu od preoptere\u0107enja cijelih brojeva, zahtijeva obavezno inicijaliziranje varijabli prije upotrebe, bolje obra\u0111uje gre\u0161ke u standardnoj biblioteci, primjenjuje koncept nepromjenjivosti (immutable) referenci i varijabli po defaultu, te nudi sna\u017enu stati\u010dku tipizaciju za minimiziranje logi\u010dkih gre\u0161aka. <\/p>\n

U Androidu je sigurno upravljanje memorijom osigurano u ve\u0107 podr\u017eanim jezicima Kotlin i Java, no oni nisu prikladni za razvoj sistemskih komponenti zbog velikih tro\u0161kova. Rust omogu\u0107uje postizanje performansi sli\u010dnih jezicima C i C++, \u0161to ga \u010dini pogodnim za razvoj niskorazinskih dijelova platforme i komponenata za interakciju s hardverom. <\/p>\n

Kako bi se osigurala sigurnost koda u C i C++ na Androidu, primjenjuje se sandbox izolacija, stati\u010dka analiza i fuzzing testiranje. Mogu\u0107nosti sandbox izolacije su ograni\u010dene i dosegle su svoj maksimum (daljnje dijeljenje na procese nije racionalno s obzirom na potro\u0161nju resursa). Me\u0111u ograni\u010denjima primjene sandboxa isti\u010du se visoki tro\u0161kovi i pove\u0107ana potro\u0161nja memorije uzrokovana potrebom za stvaranjem novih procesa, kao i dodatna ka\u0161njenja vezana uz kori\u0161tenje IPC-a. <\/p>\n

Me\u0111utim, sandbox ne uklanja ranjivosti u kodu, ve\u0107 samo smanjuje rizike i ote\u017eava provo\u0111enje napada, budu\u0107i da za eksploataciju potrebno otkriti ne jednu, nego vi\u0161e ranjivosti. Metode temeljen na testiranju koda ograni\u010dene su time da za otkrivanje gre\u0161aka treba stvoriti uvjete koji izazivaju probleme. Pokriti sve mogu\u0107e varijante nije mogu\u0107e, stoga mnoge gre\u0161ke ostaju neprimije\u0107ene. <\/p>\n

Za sistemske procese u Androidu, tvrtka Google se dr\u017ei «pravila dva», prema kojem bilo koji dodani kod ne smije ispunjavati vi\u0161e od dva od tri uvjeta: rad s nepouzdanim ulaznim podacima, kori\u0161tenje nesigurnog programskog jezika (C\/C++) i izvr\u0161avanje bez stroge sandbox izolacije (pristup s povi\u0161enim privilegijama). Iz ovog pravila proizlazi da kod za obradu vanjskih podataka mora ili biti sveden na minimalne privilegije (izoliran), ili biti napisan na sigurnom programskom jeziku. <\/p>\n

Google ne namjerava prepisivati postoje\u0107i C\/C++ kod na Rust, ve\u0107 planira koristiti ovaj jezik za razvoj novog koda. Kori\u0161tenje Rusta za novi kod ima smisla jer statistika pokazuje da ve\u0107ina gre\u0161aka izlazi na vidjelo u novom ili nedavno izmijenjenom kodu. Konkretno, oko 50% otkrivenih gre\u0161aka vezanih uz memoriju u Androidu nalazi se u kodu napisanom prije manje od godinu dana.

\"Rust<\/center>
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Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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