{"id":99974,"date":"2021-04-20T16:22:51","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T14:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/soprotivlenie-vnedreniyu-api-floc-prodvigaemogo-google-vmesto-otslezhivayushhih-cookie"},"modified":"2026-02-14T18:35:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T16:35:58","slug":"soprotivlenie-vnedreniyu-api-floc-prodvigaemogo-google-vmesto-otslezhivayushhih-cookie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/soprotivlenie-vnedreniyu-api-floc-prodvigaemogo-google-vmesto-otslezhivayushhih-cookie","title":{"rendered":"Otpornost na implementaciju API-ja FLoC, koji promovira Google umjesto kola\u010di\u0107a za pra\u0107enje","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Eksperiment sa tehnologijom FLoC, koji je pokrenut u Chrome 89, razvijen od strane Google-a kao zamena za kola\u010di\u0107e za pra\u0107enje, suo\u010dio se s otporom zajednice. Nakon implementacije FLoC-a, Google planira potpuno ukinuti podr\u0161ku za tre\u0107e strane kola\u010di\u0107e u Chromeu\/Chromiumu, koji se postavljaju prilikom pristupa stranicama razli\u010ditim od domena trenutne stranice. Trenutno se ve\u0107 sprovodi probno testiranje FLoC-a na malom procentu korisnika Chrome 90, a podr\u0161ka za FLoC je tako\u0111e uklju\u010dena u kodnu bazu Chromium-a.       <\/p>\n<p>Prema mi\u0161ljenju protivnika FLoC-a, ova tehnologija ne ukida potpuno pra\u0107enje korisnika, ve\u0107 samo zamenjuje jedan oblik ciljanje drugim, i, poku\u0161avaju\u0107i da re\u0161i neke probleme, stvara nove. Na primer, FLoC stvara uslove za diskriminaciju korisnika na osnovu njihovih preferencija i stavova.                     <\/p>\n<p>Reakcija nekih projekata na integraciju FLoC-a u kodnu bazu Chromium-a:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jedan od klju\u010dnih developera <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/hosting\/hosting-wordpress\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3264\">sistema za upravljanje sadr\u017eajem WordPress<\/a>, koja dr\u017ei oko 40% tr\u017ei\u0161ta CMS-a, predlo\u017eila je percipirati FLoC kao sigurnosnu prijetnju i iskoristiti mogu\u0107nost navedenu u specifikaciji za zabranu FLoC-a i onemogu\u0107avanje prikupljanja informacija o interesima korisnika za odre\u0111ene web stranice. Odustajanje od FLoC-a mo\u017ee se aktivirati na strani web stranice putem postavljanja HTTP zaglavlja &#171;Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()&#187;. Takva zabrana FLoC-a predla\u017ee se po defaultu uklju\u010diti u sve instance WordPress-a i implementirati promjene u jednom od a\u017euriranja za rje\u0161avanje sigurnosnih problema.\n<p>Ako prijedlog bude odobren, na svim web stranicama koje automatski primjenjuju a\u017euriranja WordPress-a, FLoC \u0107e biti po defaultu isklju\u010den. Za one koji \u017eele koristiti FLoC bit \u0107e ponu\u0111ena opcija za onemogu\u0107avanje prijenosa zaglavlja &#171;Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()&#187;. Sli\u010dna zabrana FLoC-a po defaultu tako\u0111er \u0107e biti predlo\u017eena za zna\u010dajnu verziju WordPress-a 5.8, no planirana je za srpanj i mo\u017eda ne\u0107e sti\u0107i do masovnog uklju\u010divanja FLoC-a, zbog \u010dega je razmatrana mogu\u0107nost onemogu\u0107avanja FLoC-a kroz me\u0111ufazno a\u017euriranje.    <\/p>\n<p>U komentarima se nisu svi slo\u017eili s opravdano\u0161\u0107u izdavanja takvog a\u017euriranja, isti\u010du\u0107i da ne treba mije\u0161ati pitanja sigurnosti s brigom o po\u0161tivanju privatnosti. Zloupotrebe promjena predlo\u017eenih u automatski instaliranim a\u017euriranjima mogu dovesti do gubitka povjerenja u takva a\u017euriranja.        <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Razvijatelji preglednika Vivaldi i Brave Browser odbili su implementirati podr\u0161ku za FLoC u svojim proizvodima, izjaviv\u0161i da njihovi korisnici imaju pravo na privatnost. Predstavnici Vivaldi-a tako\u0111er su naglasili da treba nazvati stvari pravim imenom, te da FLoC &#8212; nije tehnologija za osiguravanje privatnosti, kako ju poku\u0161ava predstaviti Google, ve\u0107 tehnologija pra\u0107enja koja naru\u0161ava privatnost.\n<li class=\"l\"> Organizacija za ljudska prava EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation) pokrenula je stranicu amifloced.org koja omogu\u0107ava korisnicima da utvrde uklju\u010duje li njihov preglednik FLoC, \u0161to im daje mogu\u0107nost da saznaju sudjeluju li u Googleovom eksperimentu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pretra\u017eiva\u010d DuckDuckGo kritizirao je FLoC i dodao blokiranje FLoC-a u Chrome dodatak DuckDuckGo Privacy Essentials, kao i zabranio kori\u0161tenje FLoC-a na web stranici duckduckgo.com (DuckDuckGo Search) putem postavljanja HTTP zaglavlja &#171;Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tvrtka Microsoft za sada nije uklju\u010dila FLoC u preglednik Edge, zauzela je oprezan stav i poku\u0161ava razviti vlastitu tehnologiju pra\u0107enja preferencija PARAKEET (Private and Anonymized Requests for Ads that Keep Efficacy and Enhance Transparency). Su\u0161tina PARAKEET-a je kori\u0161tenje proxy-a,<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"poslu\u017eitelja\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3704\">poslu\u017eitelja<\/a>, koji se nalazi izme\u0111u korisnika i oglasne mre\u017ee. Korisniku se dodjeljuje jedinstveni identifikator, ali informacije o njemu dobiva samo proxy, koji oglasnoj mre\u017ei proslje\u0111uje samo ograni\u010deni skup anonimnih informacija.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mozilla i Opera ne planiraju dodavati implementaciju FLoC-a u svoje proizvode. Tvrtka Apple za sada nije donijela kona\u010dnu odluku o implementaciji FLoC-a u Safari.\n<li class=\"l\"> U blokatoru oglasa uBlock implementirano je isklju\u010divanje FLoC zahtjeva na osnovnoj razini. Sli\u010dna blokada FLoC-a dodana je u ekstenzije Adguard i Adblock Plus.        <\/ul>\n<p>Podsje\u0107amo da je API FLoC (Federated Learning of Cohorts) namijenjen odre\u0111ivanju kategorije interesa korisnika bez identifikacije pojedinca i bez povezivanja s povije\u0161\u0107u posjeta odre\u0111enim stranicama. FLoC omogu\u0107uje izdvajanje grupa korisnika s sli\u010dnim interesima, ne identificiraju\u0107i pojedina\u010dne korisnike. Interesi korisnika odre\u0111uju se pomo\u0107u 'kohorti', kratkih oznaka koje opisuju razli\u010dite grupe interesa. Kohorte se izra\u010dunavaju na strani preglednika primjenom algoritama strojnog u\u010denja na podacima iz povijesti posjeta i sadr\u017eaju koji se otvara u pregledniku. Detalji ostaju s korisnikom, a van se \u0161alju samo op\u0107i podaci o kohortama koji odra\u017eavaju interese i omogu\u0107uju prikaz relevantne reklame bez pra\u0107enja odre\u0111enog korisnika.      <\/p>\n<p>Glavni rizici povezani s implementacijom FLoC:  <\/p>\n<ul>  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Diskriminacija temeljem korisni\u010dkih preferencija. Na primjer, ponude za posao i kreditne odobrenja mogu se mijenjati ovisno o etni\u010dkoj pripadnosti, religiji, spolu i dobi. Korisnicima koji imaju financijskih problema mogu se nametati krediti po visokim kamatnim stopama, a odre\u0111ivanje demografskih podataka i politi\u010dkih preferencija mo\u017ee se koristiti za pove\u0107anje uvjerljivosti dezinformacija. Kada se koristi FLoC, informacije o pona\u0161anju prate korisnika sa stranice na stranicu, a podaci o pro\u0161loj aktivnosti mogu se upotrebljavati za manipulaciju korisnikom prilikom otvaranja stranica.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nije isklju\u010dena mogu\u0107nost obrnute in\u017eenjeringa povijesti posjeta na temelju podataka o kohorti. Analizom algoritma dodjeljivanja kohorti mo\u017ee se procijeniti o kojim je otprilike web stranicama korisnik vjerojatno posjetio. Tako\u0111er, na temelju kohorti mo\u017ee se izvoditi zaklju\u010dke o dobi, socijalnom statusu, spolnoj orijentaciji, politi\u010dkim preferencijama, financijskim te\u0161ko\u0107ama ili do\u017eivljenom nesre\u0107i.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pojava dodatnog faktora za skrivenu identifikaciju preglednika korisnika ('browser fingerprinting'). Iako \u0107e kohorte FLoC obuhvatiti tisu\u0107e ljudi, mogu se koristiti za pove\u0107anje to\u010dnosti identifikacije preglednika kada se kombiniraju s drugim neizravnim podacima, kao \u0161to su razlu\u010divost ekrana, popis podr\u017eanih MIME tipova, specifi\u010dni parametri u zaglavljima (HTTP\/2 i HTTPS), instalirani dodaci i fontovi, dostupnost odre\u0111enih Web API-a, specifi\u010dne karakteristike renderiranja grafi\u010dke kartice putem WebGL i Canvas, manipulacije s CSS-om, te karakteristike rada s mi\u0161em i tipkovnicom.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Davanje dodatnih osobnih podataka pra\u0107enjima koja ve\u0107 identificiraju korisnike. Na primjer, ako je korisnik identificiran i prijavljen u svoj ra\u010dun, usluga mo\u017ee izravno povezati podatke o preferencijama navedene u kohorti s odre\u0111enim korisnikom, a pri promjeni kohorti pratiti transformaciju preferencija.             <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tako\u0111er se mo\u017ee primijetiti da predstavnici marketin\u0161ke industrije paralelno razvijaju i druge alternativne metode identifikacije koje \u0107e se mo\u0107i koristiti za pra\u0107enje korisnika u slu\u010daju blokiranja vanjskih kola\u010di\u0107a u Chromeu. Na primjer, tvrtka The Trade Desk predlo\u017eila je tehnologiju UID2 (Unified Identifier) koja implementira mehanizam identifikacije korisnika, a radi u suradnji s vlasnicima web stranica. UID2 identifikator generira se na temelju informacija koje korisnik po\u0161alje prilikom registracije na web stranici, kao \u0161to su email, broj telefona ili podaci o ra\u010dunu na dru\u0161tvenoj mre\u017ei. Na temelju enkripcije sadr\u017eaja UID2, koordinator infrastrukture stvara token koji vlasnik web stranice mo\u017ee proslijediti marketin\u0161kim mre\u017eama. Ovla\u0161tene marketin\u0161ke mre\u017ee mogu dobiti klju\u010deve za de\u0161ifriranje tokena i dobivanje izvornih UID2, koji se mogu koristiti za izradu zajedni\u010dkog profila korisnika, agregiraju\u0107i informacije iz razli\u010ditih izvora.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54951\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 Chrome 89 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 FLoC, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Google \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Cookie, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f FLoC \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 Chrome\/Chromium \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 Cookie, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 FLoC \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 Chrome 89 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 FLoC, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Google \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b 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