Alpine Linux souvan rekòmande kòm yon imaj de baz pou Docker. Yo di w ke lè l sèvi avèk Alpine pral fè bati ou pi piti epi pwosesis bati ou pi vit.
Men, si ou itilize Alpine Linux pou aplikasyon pou Python, Lè sa a, li:
- Fè bati ou yo pi dousman
- Fè imaj ou yo pi gwo
- Pèdi tan ou
- Ak nan fen a li ka lakòz erè nan ègzekutabl
Ann gade poukisa Alpine rekòmande, men poukisa ou toujou pa ta dwe itilize li ak Python.
Poukisa moun rekòmande Alpine?
Ann sipoze ke nou bezwen gcc kòm yon pati nan imaj nou an epi nou vle konpare Alpine Linux vs Ubuntu 18.04 an tèm de vitès bati ak gwosè imaj final la.
Premyèman, ann telechaje de imaj epi konpare gwosè yo:
$ docker pull --quiet ubuntu:18.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04
$ docker pull --quiet alpine
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
$ docker image ls ubuntu:18.04
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
ubuntu 18.04 ccc6e87d482b 64.2MB
$ docker image ls alpine
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
alpine latest e7d92cdc71fe 5.59MB
Kòm ou ka wè, imaj la baz pou Alpine se pi piti anpil. Ann eseye enstale gcc epi kòmanse ak Ubuntu:
FROM ubuntu:18.04
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y gcc &&
apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
Ekri Dockerfile pafè a se pi lwen pase sijè ki abòde lan atik sa a.
Ann mezire vitès asanble a:
$ time docker build -t ubuntu-gcc -f Dockerfile.ubuntu --quiet .
sha256:b6a3ee33acb83148cd273b0098f4c7eed01a82f47eeb8f5bec775c26d4fe4aae
real 0m29.251s
user 0m0.032s
sys 0m0.026s
$ docker image ls ubuntu-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu-gcc latest b6a3ee33acb8 9 seconds ago 150MB
Nou repete menm bagay la pou Alpine (Dockerfile):
FROM alpine
RUN apk add --update gcc
Nou rasanble, gade nan tan ak gwosè asanble a:
$ time docker build -t alpine-gcc -f Dockerfile.alpine --quiet .
sha256:efd626923c1478ccde67db28911ef90799710e5b8125cf4ebb2b2ca200ae1ac3
real 0m15.461s
user 0m0.026s
sys 0m0.024s
$ docker image ls alpine-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine-gcc latest efd626923c14 7 seconds ago 105MB
Jan yo te pwomèt, imaj ki baze sou Alpine yo kolekte pi vit epi yo pi piti: 15 segonn olye pou yo 30 ak gwosè imaj la se 105MB kont 150MB. Li trè bon!
Men, si nou chanje nan bati yon aplikasyon Python, Lè sa a, tout bagay se pa tèlman woz.
Imaj Python
Aplikasyon Python souvan itilize panda ak matplotlib. Se poutèt sa, yon opsyon se pran imaj ofisyèl ki baze sou Debian lè l sèvi avèk Dockerfile sa a:
FROM python:3.8-slim
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
Ann kolekte li:
$ docker build -f Dockerfile.slim -t python-matpan.
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-slim
---> 036ea1506a85
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 13739b2a0917
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.1 MB)
Collecting pandas
Downloading pandas-0.25.3-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.4 MB)
...
Successfully built b98b5dc06690
Successfully tagged python-matpan:latest
real 0m30.297s
user 0m0.043s
sys 0m0.020s
Nou jwenn yon imaj de 363MB nan gwosè.
Èske n ap fè pi byen ak Alpine? Ann eseye:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
$ docker build -t python-matpan-alpine -f Dockerfile.alpine .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-alpine
---> a0ee0c90a0db
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 6740adad3729
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz (40.9 MB)
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/
tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'rn'"'"', '"'"'n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/pip-egg-info
...
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install matplotlib pandas' returned a non-zero code: 1
Ki sa ki pral sou?
Alpine pa sipòte wou yo
Si ou gade nan bati a, ki baze sou Debian, ou pral wè ke li telechaje matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl.
Sa a se yon binè pou wou. Alpine telechaje sous yo `matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz` depi li pa sipòte estanda .
Poukisa? Pifò distribisyon Linux itilize vèsyon GNU (glibc) nan bibliyotèk estanda C a, ki an reyalite mande pou chak pwogram ki ekri nan C, ki gen ladan Python. Men, Alpine sèvi ak `musl`, e piske binè sa yo fèt pou `glibc`, yo tou senpleman pa yon opsyon.
Se poutèt sa, si ou itilize Alpine, ou bezwen konpile tout kòd ki ekri nan C nan chak pake Python.
Oh, wi, ou pral oblije chèche pou lis la nan tout depandans sa yo ki bezwen yo dwe konpile tèt ou.
Nan ka sa a nou jwenn sa a:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN apk --update add gcc build-base freetype-dev libpng-dev openblas-dev
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
Ak tan nan konstriksyon pran ...
... 25 minit 57 segonn! Ak gwosè imaj la se 851MB.
Imaj ki baze sou Alpine pran anpil tan pou konstwi, yo pi gwo nan gwosè, epi ou toujou bezwen chèche tout depandans yo. Ou ka nan kou redwi gwosè asanble lè l sèvi avèk men sa vle di plis travay toujou bezwen fèt.
Se pa tout!
Alpine ka lakòz pinèz inatandi nan ègzekutabl
- Nan teyori, musl konpatib ak glibc, men nan pratik diferans yo ka lakòz anpil pwoblèm. Men, si yo, yo pral pwobableman dezagreyab. Men kèk pwoblèm ki ka rive:
- Alpine gen yon pi piti gwosè pile fil pa default, ki ka mennen nan
- Gen kèk itilizatè yo te jwenn sa paske nan fason musl asiyen memwa (diferan ak glibc).
- Youn nan itilizatè yo
Se vre wi, erè sa yo te deja korije, men ki moun ki konnen konbyen ankò pral genyen.
Pa sèvi ak imaj Alpine pou Python
Si ou pa vle deranje ak bati gwo ak long, pou chèche depandans ak erè potansyèl, pa sèvi ak Alpine Linux kòm yon imaj de baz. .
Sous: www.habr.com