🥇Gid etap pa etap pou konfigirasyon sèvè BIND DNS nan anviwònman chroot pou Red Hat (RHEL/CentOS) 7

Tradiksyon atik la prepare pou elèv kou yo "Sekirite Linux". Èske w enterese devlope nan direksyon sa a? Gade anrejistreman emisyon klas mèt Ivan Piskunov la "Sekirite nan Linux konpare ak Windows ak MacOS"

Nan atik sa a, mwen pral fè ou nan etap yo mete kanpe yon sèvè DNS sou RHEL 7 oswa CentOS 7. Mwen te itilize Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 pou demonstrasyon an. Objektif nou se kreye yon dosye A ak yon dosye PTR pou zòn rechèch devan ak ranvèse, respektivman.

Premyèman, enstale pakè rpm ki nesesè pou sèvè dns la.

REMAK: Pou RHEL ou dwe genyen abònman RHN aktif, oswa ou kapab mete kanpe yon depo lokal offline, ak ki manadjè pake "yum" ka enstale pakè rpm ki nesesè yo ak depandans.

# yum install bind bind-chroot caching-nameserver

Paramèt mwen yo:

# hostname
golinuxhub-client.example
Мой IP-адрес 192.168.1.7
# ip address | egrep 'inet.*enp0s3'
    inet 192.168.1.7/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3

Depi nou pral itilize chroot, nou bezwen enfim sèvis la.

# systemctl stop named
# systemctl disable named

Lè sa a, kopye dosye ki nesesè yo nan anyè chroot la.
REMAK. Sèvi ak agiman -p nan yon ekip cp pou prezève dwa ak pwopriyetè yo.

[root@golinuxhub-client ~]# cp -rpvf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/*  /var/named/chroot/etc/
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/named.conf’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones’

Lè sa a, kopye dosye ki asosye ak zòn nan nan yon nouvo kote.

[root@golinuxhub-client ~]# cp -rpvf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/* /var/named/chroot/var/named/
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/data’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/data’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/my.external.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/my.external.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/my.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/my.internal.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.ca’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.ca’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.empty’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.empty’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.localhost’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.localhost’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.loopback’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.loopback’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db’
```bash
Теперь давайте посмотрим на основной файл конфигурации.
```bash
# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/

Netwaye sa ki nan named.conf epi kole sa ki annapre yo.

[root@golinuxhub-client etc]# vim named.conf
options {
        listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; any; };
#       listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        allow-query     { localhost; any; };
        allow-query-cache { localhost; any; };
};

logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};

view my_resolver {
        match-clients      { localhost; any; };
        recursion yes;
        include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
};

Yo dwe ajoute enfòmasyon espesifik nan zòn nan /var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones. Ajoute antre ki anba yo. Fichye example.zone a se fichye zòn rechèch pou pi devan, epi egzanp.rzone - dosye zòn ranvèse.

REMAK ENPÒTAN: Zòn rechèch ranvèse a gen 1.168.192 paske adrès IP mwen an se 192.168.1.7.

zone "example" IN {
        type master;
        file "example.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "example.rzone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

Dosye ki asosye ak zòn yo sitiye isit la:

# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/

Apre sa, nou pral kreye dosye pou zòn yo pi devan ak ranvèse. Non dosye yo pral menm jan ak pi wo a nan dosye a named.rfc1912.zones. Nou deja gen plizyè modèl default ke nou ka itilize.

# cp -p named.localhost  example.zone
# cp -p named.loopback example.rzone

Kòm ou ka wè, otorizasyon aktyèl yo sou tout dosye ak repèrtwar fè pati rasin.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# ll
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 May 22  2017 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  168 May 22  2017 example.rzone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  152 May 22  2017 example.zone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   56 May 22  2017 my.external.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   56 May 22  2017 my.internal.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2281 May 22  2017 named.ca
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  152 May 22  2017 named.empty
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  152 May 22  2017 named.localhost
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  168 May 22  2017 named.loopback
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   71 Feb 12 21:02 slaves

Chanje otorizasyon tout dosye pou endike itilizatè a kòm pwopriyetè a rasin ak gwoup yo te rele.

# chown root:named *

Men, pou done pwopriyetè a dwe non: non.

# chown -R  named:named data
# ls -l
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 named named    6 May 22  2017 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  168 May 22  2017 example.rzone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  152 May 22  2017 example.zone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named   56 May 22  2017 my.external.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named   56 May 22  2017 my.internal.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named 2281 May 22  2017 named.ca
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  152 May 22  2017 named.empty
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  152 May 22  2017 named.localhost
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  named  168 May 22  2017 named.loopback
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  named   71 Feb 12 21:02 slaves

Ajoute kontni sa a nan dosye zòn avanse ou a. Isit la nou kreye yon dosye A pou localhost (golinuxhub-client) ak yon lòt pou sèvè a (golinuxhub-sèvè).

# vim example.zone
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  example. root (
                                        1       ; serial
                                        3H      ; refresh
                                        15M     ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        1D )    ; minimum

                IN NS           example.

                        IN A 192.168.1.7
golinuxhub-server       IN A 192.168.1.5
golinuxhub-client       IN A 192.169.1.7

Apre sa, ajoute kontni an nan dosye a zòn ranvèse. Isit la nou kreye yon dosye PTR pou golinuxhub-client ak pou golinuxhub-sèvè.

# vim example.rzone
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  example. root.example. (
                                        1997022700      ; serial
                                        28800           ; refresh
                                        14400           ; retry
                                        3600000         ; expire
                                        86400  )        ; minimum

        IN NS   example.
5       IN PTR  golinuxhub-server.example.
7       IN PTR  golinuxhub-client.example.

Anvan nou lanse sèvis la yo rele-chroot, ann tcheke konfigirasyon fichye zòn nan.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkzone golinuxhub-client.example example.zone
zone golinuxhub-client.example/IN: loaded serial 1
OK

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkzone golinuxhub-client.example example.rzone
zone golinuxhub-client.example/IN: loaded serial 1997022700
OK

Tout sanble bon. Koulye a, tcheke fichye a konfigirasyon lè l sèvi avèk lòd sa a.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkconf -t /var/named/chroot/ /etc/named.conf

Se konsa, tout bagay te konplete avèk siksè.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# echo $?
0

REMAK ENPÒTAN: Mwen gen SELinux nan mòd tolerans

# getenforce
Permissive

Tout bagay parèt byen, kidonk li lè pou lanse sèvis nou an yo rele-chroot .

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# systemctl restart named-chroot

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# systemctl status named-chroot
● named-chroot.service - Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS)
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/named-chroot.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-02-12 21:53:23 IST; 19s ago
  Process: 5236 ExecStop=/bin/sh -c /usr/sbin/rndc stop > /dev/null 2>&1 || /bin/kill -TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 5327 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/named -u named -c ${NAMEDCONF} -t /var/named/chroot $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 5325 ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c if [ ! "$DISABLE_ZONE_CHECKING" == "yes" ]; then /usr/sbin/named-checkconf -t /var/named/chroot -z "$NAMEDCONF"; else echo "Checking of zone files is disabled"; fi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 5330 (named)
   CGroup: /system.slice/named-chroot.service
           └─5330 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf -t /var/named/chroot

Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: managed-keys-zone/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 1997022700
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone example/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 1
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone localhost/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone localhost.localdomain/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: all zones loaded
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: running
```bash
Убедитесь, что resolv.conf содержит ваш IP-адрес, чтобы он мог работать в качестве DNS-сервера.
```bash
# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search example
nameserver 192.168.1.7
```bash
Давайте проверим наш DNS-сервер для обратной зоны, используя dig.
```bash
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# dig -x 192.168.1.5

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.1.5
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40331
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;5.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.      IN      PTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:
5.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN      PTR     golinuxhub-server.example.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400   IN      NS      example.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
example.                86400   IN      A       192.168.1.7

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.7#53(192.168.1.7)
;; WHEN: Mon Feb 12 22:13:17 IST 2018
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 122

Kòm ou ka wè, nou te resevwa yon repons pozitif (REPONS) a demann nou an (QUERY).

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# dig -x 192.168.1.7

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.1.7
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 55804
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.      IN      PTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:
7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN      PTR     golinuxhub-client.example.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400   IN      NS      example.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
example.                86400   IN      A       192.168.1.7

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.7#53(192.168.1.7)
;; WHEN: Mon Feb 12 22:12:54 IST 2018
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 122

Nou ka tcheke zòn dirèk la menm jan an.

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# nslookup golinuxhub-client.example
Server:         192.168.1.7
Address:        192.168.1.7#53

Name:   golinuxhub-client.example
Address: 192.169.1.7

[root@golinuxhub-client named]# nslookup golinuxhub-server.example
Server:         192.168.1.7
Address:        192.168.1.7#53

Name:   golinuxhub-server.example
Address: 192.168.1.5

Atik sa a se yon ti jan demode kòm nan RHEL 7 ou pa bezwen kopye fichye konfigirasyon lye yo nan chroot la. Tutorial etap pa etap: Konfigure sèvè dns lè l sèvi avèk bind chroot (CentOS/RHEL 7).

Sous: www.habr.com

Gid etap pa etap pou konfigirasyon BIND DNS sèvè nan anviwònman chroot pou Red Hat (RHEL/CentOS) 7

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