"Kenz" oswa "Kenz" se yon egzanp ekselan nan yon jwèt lojik senp ki popilè nan tout mond lan. Yo nan lòd yo rezoud devinèt la, ou bezwen fè aranjman pou kare yo ak nimewo nan lòd, soti nan pi piti a pi gwo. Li pa fasil, men li enteresan.
Nan leson patikilye jodi a nou pral montre w kouman pou devlope Fifteen nan Java 8 ak Eclipse. Pou devlope UI a nou pral sèvi ak Swing API a.
Nou raple: pou tout lektè "Habr" - yon rabè nan 10 rubles lè w ap enskri nan nenpòt kou Skillbox lè l sèvi avèk kòd pwomosyon "Habr".
Skillbox rekòmande: Kou edikatif sou entènèt .
Konsepsyon jwèt
Nan etap sa a ou bezwen defini pwopriyete yo:
- Size - gwosè jaden an ap jwe;
- nbTiles — kantite tags nan jaden an. nbTiles = gwosè * gwosè - 1;
- Mozayik se yon tag ki se yon etalaj yon sèl dimansyon nan nonb antye relatif. Chak nan tags yo pral resevwa yon valè inik nan seri a [0, nbTiles]. Zewo endike yon kare vid;
- blankPos — pozisyon nan kare vid la.
Lojik jwèt
Nou bezwen defini yon metòd reset yo itilize pou inisyalize yon nouvo pozisyon jwèt. Nan fason sa a nou mete yon valè pou chak eleman nan etalaj la tags. Oke, Lè sa a, nou mete blankPos nan dènye pozisyon nan etalaj la.
Nou bezwen tou yon metòd shuffle pou shuffle etalaj la nan tags. Nou pa mete tag vid la nan pwosesis shuffling la pou nou kite l nan menm pozisyon an.
Depi sèlman mwatye nan pozisyon yo kòmanse posib nan devinèt la gen yon solisyon, ou bezwen tcheke rezilta a chefeul ki kapab lakòz asire w ke layout aktyèl la se menm rezoud. Pou fè sa, nou defini metòd isSolvable.
Si yon tag an patikilye anvan pa yon tag ki gen yon valè ki pi wo, li konsidere kòm yon envèsyon. Lè plas vid la an plas, kantite envèrsyon yo dwe menm pou devinèt la ka rezoud. Se konsa, nou konte kantite envèrsyon yo epi retounen vre si nimewo a se menm.
Lè sa a, li enpòtan pou defini metòd isSolved pou tcheke si Layout jwèt kenz nou an rezoud. Premye nou gade kote vid la ye. Si nan pozisyon inisyal la, Lè sa a, aliyman aktyèl la se nouvo, pa deja deside. Lè sa a, nou repete nan mozayik yo nan lòd ranvèse, epi si valè tag la diferan de endèks ki koresponn lan +1, nou retounen fo. Sinon, nan fen metòd la li lè yo retounen vre paske devinèt la te deja rezoud.
Yon lòt metòd ki bezwen defini se newGame. Li oblije kreye yon nouvo egzanp nan jwèt la. Pou fè sa, nou reset jaden an jwe, Lè sa a, chefeul li epi kontinye jiskaske pozisyon nan jwe se rezoud.
Men yon egzanp kòd ak lojik kle tag:
private void newGame() {
do {
reset(); // reset in initial state
shuffle(); // shuffle
} while(!isSolvable()); // make it until grid be solvable
gameOver = false;
}
private void reset() {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
}
// we set blank cell at the last
blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
}
private void shuffle() {
// don't include the blank tile in the shuffle, leave in the solved position
int n = nbTiles;
while (n > 1) {
int r = RANDOM.nextInt(n--);
int tmp = tiles[r];
tiles[r] = tiles[n];
tiles[n] = tmp;
}
}
// Only half permutations of the puzzle are solvable/
// Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
// as an inversion. In our case, with the blank tile in the solved position,
// the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle to be solvable
private boolean isSolvable() {
int countInversions = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nbTiles; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (tiles[j] > tiles[i])
countInversions++;
}
}
return countInversions % 2 == 0;
}
private boolean isSolved() {
if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) // if blank tile is not in the solved position ==> not solved
return false;
for (int i = nbTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (tiles[i] != i + 1)
return false;
}
return true;
}Finalman, ou bezwen pwograme mouvman an nan Tags yo nan etalaj la. Y ap rele kòd sa a pita atravè yon callback pou reponn a mouvman kurseur. Jwèt nou an pral sipòte plizyè mouvman mozayik an menm tan an. Kidonk, apre nou fin konvèti pozisyon bourade sou ekran an nan yon tag, nou jwenn pozisyon tag vid la epi chèche yon direksyon mouvman pou sipòte plizyè nan mouvman li an menm tan.
Men yon egzanp kòd:
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;Nou devlope UI lè l sèvi avèk Swing API
Li lè yo travay sou koòdone la. Premye nou pran klas Jpanel la. Lè sa a, nou trase tags sou jaden an - pou kalkile gwosè yo chak, nou pral sèvi ak done yo espesifye nan paramèt konstrukteur jwèt la:
gridSize = (dim - 2 * margin);
tileSize = gridSize / size;Marge se tou yon paramèt mete nan konstrukteur jwèt la.
Koulye a, nou bezwen defini metòd drawGrid pou trase kadriyaj la ak tach sou ekran an. Nou analize etalaj la nan tag ak konvèti kowòdone yo nan kowòdone koòdone itilizatè. Apre sa, trase chak plas ak nimewo ki koresponn lan nan sant la:
private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
// we convert 1D coords to 2D coords given the size of the 2D Array
int r = i / size;
int c = i % size;
// we convert in coords on the UI
int x = margin + c * tileSize;
int y = margin + r * tileSize;
// check special case for blank tile
if(tiles[i] == 0) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
drawCenteredString(g, "u2713", x, y);
}
continue;
}
// for other tiles
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x , y);
}
}Finalman, se pou yo pase sou plas metòd paintComponent, ki sòti nan klas JPane la. Lè sa a, nou itilize metòd drawGrid, ki te swiv pa metòd drawStartMessage pou montre yon mesaj ki pouse nou klike pou kòmanse jwèt la:
private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
String s = "Click to start new game";
g.drawString(s, (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2,
getHeight() - margin);
}
}
private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
// center string s for the given tile (x,y)
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
int asc = fm.getAscent();
int desc = fm.getDescent();
g.drawString(s, x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + desc)) / 2));
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) g;
g2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g2D);
drawStartMessage(g2D);
}Reyaji a aksyon itilizatè yo nan UI a
Pou jwèt la kouri kou li, li nesesè pou trete aksyon itilizatè yo nan UI a. Pou fè sa, ajoute aplikasyon MouseListener sou Jpanel ak kòd pou deplase tach yo, ki deja montre pi wo a:
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
// used to let users to interact on the grid by clicking
// it's time to implement interaction with users to move tiles to solve the game !
if (gameOver) {
newGame();
} else {
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;
}
// we check if game is solved
gameOver = isSolved();
}
// we repaint panel
repaint();
}
});Nou mete kòd la nan konstrukteur klas GameOfFifteen la. Nan fen a anpil, nou rele metòd la newGame yo kòmanse yon nouvo jwèt.
Kòd jwèt konplè
Dènye etap la anvan ou wè jwèt la an aksyon se mete tout eleman kòd yo ansanm. Men sa k ap pase:
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
// We are going to create a Game of 15 Puzzle with Java 8 and Swing
// If you have some questions, feel free to read comments ;)
public class GameOfFifteen extends JPanel { // our grid will be drawn in a dedicated Panel
// Size of our Game of Fifteen instance
private int size;
// Number of tiles
private int nbTiles;
// Grid UI Dimension
private int dimension;
// Foreground Color
private static final Color FOREGROUND_COLOR = new Color(239, 83, 80); // we use arbitrary color
// Random object to shuffle tiles
private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
// Storing the tiles in a 1D Array of integers
private int[] tiles;
// Size of tile on UI
private int tileSize;
// Position of the blank tile
private int blankPos;
// Margin for the grid on the frame
private int margin;
// Grid UI Size
private int gridSize;
private boolean gameOver; // true if game over, false otherwise
public GameOfFifteen(int size, int dim, int mar) {
this.size = size;
dimension = dim;
margin = mar;
// init tiles
nbTiles = size * size - 1; // -1 because we don't count blank tile
tiles = new int[size * size];
// calculate grid size and tile size
gridSize = (dim - 2 * margin);
tileSize = gridSize / size;
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(dimension, dimension + margin));
setBackground(Color.WHITE);
setForeground(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 60));
gameOver = true;
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
// used to let users to interact on the grid by clicking
// it's time to implement interaction with users to move tiles to solve the game !
if (gameOver) {
newGame();
} else {
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;
}
// we check if game is solved
gameOver = isSolved();
}
// we repaint panel
repaint();
}
});
newGame();
}
private void newGame() {
do {
reset(); // reset in intial state
shuffle(); // shuffle
} while(!isSolvable()); // make it until grid be solvable
gameOver = false;
}
private void reset() {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
}
// we set blank cell at the last
blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
}
private void shuffle() {
// don't include the blank tile in the shuffle, leave in the solved position
int n = nbTiles;
while (n > 1) {
int r = RANDOM.nextInt(n--);
int tmp = tiles[r];
tiles[r] = tiles[n];
tiles[n] = tmp;
}
}
// Only half permutations of the puzzle are solvable.
// Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
// as an inversion. In our case, with the blank tile in the solved position,
// the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle to be solvable
private boolean isSolvable() {
int countInversions = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nbTiles; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (tiles[j] > tiles[i])
countInversions++;
}
}
return countInversions % 2 == 0;
}
private boolean isSolved() {
if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) // if blank tile is not in the solved position ==> not solved
return false;
for (int i = nbTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (tiles[i] != i + 1)
return false;
}
return true;
}
private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
// we convert 1D coords to 2D coords given the size of the 2D Array
int r = i / size;
int c = i % size;
// we convert in coords on the UI
int x = margin + c * tileSize;
int y = margin + r * tileSize;
// check special case for blank tile
if(tiles[i] == 0) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
drawCenteredString(g, "u2713", x, y);
}
continue;
}
// for other tiles
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x , y);
}
}
private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
String s = "Click to start new game";
g.drawString(s, (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2,
getHeight() - margin);
}
}
private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
// center string s for the given tile (x,y)
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
int asc = fm.getAscent();
int desc = fm.getDescent();
g.drawString(s, x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + desc)) / 2));
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) g;
g2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g2D);
drawStartMessage(g2D);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setTitle("Game of Fifteen");
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.add(new GameOfFifteen(4, 550, 30), BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
// center on the screen
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}Finalman, ann jwe!
Li lè yo lanse jwèt la epi teste li an aksyon. Jaden an ta dwe sanble tankou sa a:
Ann eseye rezoud devinèt la. Si tout bagay ale byen, nou jwenn sa a:
Se tout. Èske ou te espere plis? 🙂
Skillbox rekòmande:
- Kou pratik .
- Aplike kou sou entènèt .
- Dezan kou pratik .
Sous: www.habr.com