{"id":100039,"date":"2021-04-27T16:22:35","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T14:22:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dostupna-sistema-iniczializaczii-finit-4-0"},"modified":"2021-04-27T16:22:35","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T14:22:35","slug":"dostupna-sistema-iniczializaczii-finit-4-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/dostupna-sistema-iniczializaczii-finit-4-0","title":{"rendered":"El\u00e9rhet\u0151 a Finit 4.0 inicializ\u00e1l\u00f3 rendszer.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl h\u00e1rom \u00e9v fejleszt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n megjelent a Finit 4.0 (Fast init) inicializ\u00e1l\u00f3 rendszer kiad\u00e1sa, amely a SysV init \u00e9s a systemd egyszer\u0171 alternat\u00edv\u00e1jak\u00e9nt fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt. A projekt a Linux EeePC netbookok gyorsind\u00edt\u00f3 rendszer\u00e9nek visszafejleszt\u00e9se sor\u00e1n k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, \u00e9s figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3an gyors bet\u00f6lt\u00e9si folyamattal rendelkezik. A rendszer els\u0151sorban kompakt \u00e9s be\u00e1gyazott rendszerek ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak el\u0151seg\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt, de \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos asztali \u00e9s szerver k\u00f6rnyezetekben is alkalmazhat\u00f3. A bevezet\u00e9shez p\u00e9ld\u00e1kat k\u00e9sz\u00edtettek a Void Linux, Alpine Linux \u00e9s Debian GNU\/Linux rendszerekhez. A projekt k\u00f3dja C nyelven \u00edr\u00f3dott \u00e9s MIT licenc alatt terjesztik.    <\/p>\n<p>A Finit t\u00e1mogatja a SysV init st\u00edlus\u00fa fut\u00e1si szinteket (runlevel), figyeli a h\u00e1tt\u00e9rfolyamatok m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t (automatikus \u00fajraind\u00edt\u00e1s hiba eset\u00e9n), v\u00e9grehajtja az egyszeri kezel\u0151ket, figyelembe veszi a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9geket \u00e9s egyedi felt\u00e9teleket, valamint lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi tov\u00e1bbi kezel\u0151k csatol\u00e1s\u00e1t a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa el\u0151tt vagy ut\u00e1n. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul be\u00e1ll\u00edthat\u00f3 egy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s ind\u00edt\u00e1sa, csak miut\u00e1n el\u00e9rhet\u0151 a h\u00e1l\u00f3zat, vagy miut\u00e1n egy m\u00e1sik szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a syslogd elindult. A korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sok megad\u00e1s\u00e1ra Cgroups v2-t haszn\u00e1lnak.       <\/p>\n<p>A funkcionalit\u00e1s kiterjeszt\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s testreszab\u00e1s\u00e1ra pluginek haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, amelyekhez hook rendszer \u00e1ll rendelkez\u00e9sre, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve a kezel\u0151k csatol\u00e1s\u00e1t a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 ind\u00edt\u00e1si \u00e9s szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sv\u00e9grehajt\u00e1si szakaszokhoz, valamint k\u00fcls\u0151 esem\u00e9nyekhez val\u00f3 k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9st. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul plugineket k\u00e9sz\u00edtettek a D-Bus, ALSA, netlink, resolvconf, eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k hot-plug-ol\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, el\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9g ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s kernel modulok bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9hez, PID f\u00e1jlok kezel\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s az X-server k\u00f6rnyezet\u00e9nek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.    <\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1mogatja a SysV init sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra k\u00e9sz\u00fclt tipikus szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sind\u00edt\u00f3 skriptek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t (az \/etc\/rc.d \u00e9s \/etc\/init.d nem haszn\u00e1latos, de az \/etc\/inittab t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa plugin-en kereszt\u00fcl megval\u00f3s\u00edthat\u00f3), valamint az rc.local szkripteket, a k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3kat tartalmaz\u00f3 f\u00e1jlokat \u00e9s a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokat az \/etc\/network\/interfaces-ben, ahogy a Debian \u00e9s a BusyBox rendszerekben. A be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok egyetlen konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s f\u00e1jlban (\/etc\/finit.conf) vagy t\u00f6bb f\u00e1jl k\u00f6z\u00f6tt oszthat\u00f3k el az \/etc\/finit.d k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rban.       <\/p>\n<p>A kezel\u00e9s a tipikus initctl \u00e9s run-parts eszk\u00f6zk\u00e9szleten kereszt\u00fcl t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s deaktiv\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t a fut\u00e1si szintekhez k\u00f6t\u00f6tten, valamint a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok r\u00e9szleges ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t is. A Finit tartalmaz egy be\u00e9p\u00edtett getty implement\u00e1ci\u00f3t (termin\u00e1l \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i bel\u00e9p\u00e9s kezel\u00e9se), egy watchdog-ot a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s figyel\u00e9s\u00e9re, valamint hibahelyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dot be\u00e9p\u00edtett sulogin-nal az elszigetelt parancssor ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.  <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"El\u00e9rhet\u0151 a Finit 4.0 inicializ\u00e1l\u00f3 rendszer.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/fb1a20df3d59ac86dc5720664024a8ee.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>      <\/p>\n<p>A Finit 4.0 kiad\u00e1s\u00e1ban hozz\u00e1adott v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok (a 3.2-es verzi\u00f3t kihagyt\u00e1k a visszafel\u00e9 kompatibilit\u00e1st s\u00e9rt\u0151 v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sok miatt):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 reboot seg\u00e9dprogramot az initctl-ra mutat\u00f3 szimbolikus linkre cser\u00e9lt\u00e9k, hasonl\u00f3an a halt, shutdown, poweroff \u00e9s suspend seg\u00e9dprogramokhoz.\n<li class=\"l\"> Megval\u00f3sult az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3k v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1nak el\u0151rehalad\u00e1s\u00e1t jelz\u0151 funkci\u00f3.\n<li class=\"l\"> Megv\u00e1ltozott a &#171;inictl cond set|clear COND&#187; parancsok m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve, hogy k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 esem\u00e9nyekhez rendelj\u00fck az akci\u00f3kat. A szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a &lt;pid\/foo:id&gt; szintaxist haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k a &lt;svc\/path\/to\/foo&gt; helyett.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az be\u00e9p\u00edtett implement\u00e1ci\u00f3 elt\u00e1vol\u00edtva <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"a szerver\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3707\">a szerver<\/a> inetd, amely helyett sz\u00fcks\u00e9g eset\u00e9n az xinetd-t lehet telep\u00edteni.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a cgroups v2 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok k\u00fcl\u00f6n cgroup-okban t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a hibahelyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3d a saj\u00e1t suslogin-j\u00e1val.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a SysV init start\/stop szkriptek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a pre:script \u00e9s post:script kezel\u0151k, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik saj\u00e1t m\u0171veletek megad\u00e1s\u00e1t a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s ind\u00edt\u00e1sa el\u0151tt vagy azt k\u00f6vet\u0151en.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3kat kezel\u0151 env:file t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151s\u00e9g ny\u00edlt tetsz\u0151leges PID-f\u00e1jlok nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9re.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt feladatok \u00e9s szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok ind\u00edt\u00e1sa relat\u00edv utak haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az initctl-hez hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott a &#171;-b&#187; opci\u00f3 az interakt\u00edv m\u00f3dban t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz (batch mode).\n<li class=\"l\"> A be\u00e9p\u00edtett watchdog helyett egy k\u00fcl\u00f6n watchdogd v\u00e1ltozat ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva egy plugin az automatikus kernel modulok bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9hez az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k m\u0171k\u00f6dtet\u00e9se k\u00f6zben.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva egy plugin a \/etc\/modules-load.d\/ feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok automatikus \u00fajraind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa a be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy ne legyen sz\u00fcks\u00e9g az &#171;initctl reload&#187; parancs manu\u00e1lis v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint ki van kapcsolva, \u00e9s \u00fajraford\u00edt\u00e1st ig\u00e9nyel &#171;.\/configure \u2014enable-auto-reload&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151s\u00e9g ny\u00edlt napl\u00f3 vezet\u00e9s\u00e9re a biztons\u00e1got \u00e9rint\u0151 m\u0171veletekr\u0151l, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a runlevel m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa, a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok ind\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s le\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa, valamint a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok le\u00e1ll\u00e1sa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Javult a \/etc\/network\/interfaces t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55033\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Finit 4.0 (Fast init), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b SysV init \u0438 systemd. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 fastinit, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 Linux-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0431\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432 EeePC \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":100040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Finit 4.0 (Fast init), 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