{"id":100821,"date":"2021-07-23T10:22:39","date_gmt":"2021-07-23T08:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-firewalld-1-0"},"modified":"2021-07-23T10:22:39","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T08:22:39","slug":"vypusk-firewalld-1-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vypusk-firewalld-1-0","title":{"rendered":"A firewalld 1.0 kiad\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bemutat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt a firewalld 1.0 dinamikusan ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott t\u0171zfal kiad\u00e1sa, amely a nftables \u00e9s iptables csomagsz\u0171r\u0151k f\u00f6l\u00e9 \u00e9p\u00fclt. A firewalld h\u00e1tt\u00e9rfolyamatk\u00e9nt fut, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve a csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 szab\u00e1lyok dinamikus m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t D-Bus-on kereszt\u00fcl, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy sz\u00fcks\u00e9g lenne a szab\u00e1lyok \u00fajrat\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9re, \u00e9s megszak\u00edt\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl az akt\u00edv kapcsolatokra. A projekt m\u00e1r sz\u00e1mos Linux disztrib\u00faci\u00f3ban haszn\u00e1latban van, bele\u00e9rtve a RHEL 7+, Fedora 18+ \u00e9s SUSE\/openSUSE 15+-t. A firewalld k\u00f3dj\u00e1t Python nyelven \u00edrt\u00e1k, \u00e9s GPLv2 licenc alatt terjesztik.      <\/p>\n<p>A t\u0171zfal kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re a firewall-cmd seg\u00e9deszk\u00f6z haszn\u00e1latos, amely a szab\u00e1lyok megalkot\u00e1sakor nem a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9szekre \u00e9s portsz\u00e1mokra, hanem a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok neveire t\u00e1maszkodik (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az SSH hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9nek megnyit\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a \u00abfirewall-cmd \u2014add \u2014service=ssh\u00bb parancsot kell v\u00e9grehajtani, az SSH lez\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1hoz pedig a \u00abfirewall-cmd \u2014remove \u2014service=ssh\u00bb parancsot). A t\u0171zfal konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra a firewall-config grafikus fel\u00fclet (GTK) \u00e9s a firewall-applet (Qt) is haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3. A firewalld D-BUS API-n kereszt\u00fcli t\u0171zfalkezel\u00e9s t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa sz\u00e1mos projektben megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a NetworkManager, libvirt, podman, docker \u00e9s fail2ban eset\u00e9ben. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP-c\u00edmek\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"837\">IP-c\u00edmek<\/a>, h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9szek \u00e9s portsz\u00e1mok, valamint a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok nevei (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul SSH hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s enged\u00e9lyez\u00e9s\u00e9hez a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151t kell v\u00e9grehajtani: &#171;firewall-cmd &#8212;add &#8212;service=ssh&#187;, az SSH letilt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz: &#171;firewall-cmd &#8212;remove &#8212;service=ssh&#187;). A t\u0171zfal konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a firewall-config grafikus fel\u00fclet (GTK) \u00e9s a firewall-applet (Qt) alkalmaz\u00e1s is. A t\u0171zfal kezel\u00e9s\u00e9nek D-BUS API-n kereszt\u00fcli t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 olyan projektekben, mint a NetworkManager, libvirt, podman, docker \u00e9s fail2ban.    <\/p>\n<p>A verzi\u00f3sz\u00e1m jelent\u0151s megv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa visszamen\u0151leges kompatibilit\u00e1st megszak\u00edt\u00f3 v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1soknak tudhat\u00f3 be, amelyek megv\u00e1ltoztatj\u00e1k a z\u00f3n\u00e1kkal val\u00f3 munk\u00e1t. Minden z\u00f3n\u00e1ban megadott sz\u0171r\u00e9si param\u00e9ter most m\u00e1r csak arra a forgalomra vonatkozik, amely a firewalld-t futtat\u00f3 hosztra ir\u00e1nyul, m\u00edg a tranzitforgalom sz\u0171r\u00e9s\u00e9hez politikai be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. A legszembet\u0171n\u0151bb v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Elavultnak nyilv\u00e1n\u00edtott\u00e1k az iptables felett m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 h\u00e1tt\u00e9rszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1st. Az iptables t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa a k\u00f6zelj\u00f6v\u0151ben megmarad, de ez a h\u00e1tt\u00e9rszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s nem fejl\u0151dik tov\u00e1bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az intra-zone-forwarding m\u00f3d, amely alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint be van kapcsolva \u00e9s aktiv\u00e1lva van minden \u00faj z\u00f3n\u00e1hoz, szabad csomagmozg\u00e1st enged a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9szek vagy forgalmi forr\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt egy z\u00f3n\u00e1n bel\u00fcl (public, block, trusted, internal stb.). A r\u00e9gi viselked\u00e9s vissza\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s a csomagok z\u00f3n\u00e1n bel\u00fcli tov\u00e1bb\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak tilt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 parancs haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3: \u00abfirewall-cmd \u2014permanent \u2014zone public \u2014remove-forward\u00bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> A c\u00edmford\u00edt\u00e1si (NAT) szab\u00e1lyok az \u00abinet\u00bb protokollcsal\u00e1dba ker\u00fcltek, kor\u00e1bban az \u00abip\u00bb \u00e9s a \u00abip6\u00bb csal\u00e1dokba ker\u00fcltek, ami a szab\u00e1lyok IPv4 \u00e9s IPv6 duplik\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezetett. A v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette a duplik\u00e1tumok megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9s\u00e9t, mivel ipset haszn\u00e1latakor m\u00e1r nem h\u00e1rom p\u00e9ld\u00e1nyt, hanem egyet haszn\u00e1lunk.\n<li class=\"l\"> A \u00abdefault\u00bb m\u0171velet, amely a \u00ab\u2014set-target\u00bb param\u00e9terben meg van adva, most egyen\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 a \u00abreject\u00bb-tel, azaz minden csomag, amely nem tartozik a z\u00f3nabeli szab\u00e1lyok al\u00e1, alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint blokkolva lesz. Kiv\u00e9telek csak az ICMP-csomagok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra k\u00e9sz\u00fcltek, amelyeket tov\u00e1bbra is \u00e1tengednek. A r\u00e9gi viselked\u00e9s vissza\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a nyilv\u00e1nosan el\u00e9rhet\u0151 \u00abtrusted\u00bb z\u00f3n\u00e1hoz a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 szab\u00e1lyokat lehet haszn\u00e1lni: firewall-cmd \u2014permanent \u2014new-policy allowForward, firewall-cmd \u2014permanent \u2014policy allowForward \u2014set-target ACCEPT, firewall-cmd \u2014permanent \u2014policy allowForward \u2014add-ingress-zone public, firewall-cmd \u2014permanent \u2014policy allowForward \u2014add-egress-zone trusted, firewall-cmd \u2014permanent \u2014reload.\n<li class=\"l\"> A pozit\u00edv priorit\u00e1s\u00fa politik\u00e1k most k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a \u00ab\u2014set-target catch-all\u00bb szab\u00e1ly v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa el\u0151tt hajt\u00f3dnak v\u00e9gre, azaz a v\u00e9gs\u0151 drop, reject vagy accept szab\u00e1lyok hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa el\u0151tt, bele\u00e9rtve azokat a z\u00f3n\u00e1kat is, ahol a \u00ab\u2014set-target drop|reject|accept\u00bb haszn\u00e1latban van.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ICMP blokkol\u00e1sa most m\u00e1r csak a jelenlegi hosztra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 bej\u00f6v\u0151 csomagokra vonatkozik (input), \u00e9s nem \u00e9rinti a z\u00f3n\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt tov\u00e1bb\u00edtott csomagokat (forward).\n<li class=\"l\"> Az tftp-client szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt, amely a TFTP protokoll kapcsolatok nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9re volt hivatott, de haszn\u00e1lhatatlann\u00e1 v\u00e1lt.\n<li class=\"l\"> A \u00abdirect\u00bb interf\u00e9sz elavultnak nyilv\u00e1n\u00edt\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette a csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 el\u0151re meghat\u00e1rozott szab\u00e1lyainak k\u00f6zvetlen megad\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ennek az interf\u00e9sznek a sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9ge megsz\u0171nt, miut\u00e1n lehet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt a tov\u00e1bb\u00edtott \u00e9s a kimen\u0151 csomagok sz\u0171r\u00e9se.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a CleanupModulesOnExit param\u00e9ter, amely alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint \u00abno\u00bb \u00e9rt\u00e9kre van \u00e1ll\u00edtva. Ezzel a param\u00e9terrel ir\u00e1ny\u00edthat\u00f3 a kernel modulok kirak\u00e1sa a firewalld le\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n.\n<li class=\"l\"> Enged\u00e9lyezve lett az ipset haszn\u00e1lata a c\u00e9lrendszer (destination) meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sakor.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k a WireGuard, Kubernetes \u00e9s netbios-ns szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok defini\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az zsh automatikus kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9si szab\u00e1lyai megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sra ker\u00fcltek.\n<li class=\"l\"> A Python 2 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa megsz\u0171nt.\n<li class=\"l\"> A f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9gek list\u00e1ja cs\u00f6kkentve lett. A firewalld m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9hez mostant\u00f3l a Linux mag mellett k\u00f6telez\u0151en csak a dbus, gobject \u00e9s nftables python k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rak sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesek, m\u00edg az ebtables, ipset \u00e9s iptables csomagok opcion\u00e1liss\u00e1 v\u00e1ltak. A f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9gek k\u00f6z\u00fcl elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sra ker\u00fcltek a decorator \u00e9s slip python k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rak.    <\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55537\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 firewalld 1.0, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 nftables \u0438 iptables. Firewalld \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 D-Bus, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 Linux, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f RHEL 7+, Fedora 18+ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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