{"id":101262,"date":"2021-09-13T22:22:38","date_gmt":"2021-09-13T20:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/novaya-tehnika-ekspluataczii-uyazvimostej-klassa-spectre-v-chrome"},"modified":"2021-09-13T22:22:38","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T20:22:38","slug":"novaya-tehnika-ekspluataczii-uyazvimostej-klassa-spectre-v-chrome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/novaya-tehnika-ekspluataczii-uyazvimostej-klassa-spectre-v-chrome","title":{"rendered":"\u00daj technika a Spectre oszt\u00e1ly\u00fa sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra a Chrome-ban","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Amerikai, ausztr\u00e1l \u00e9s izraeli egyetemek kutat\u00f3csoportja \u00faj t\u00e1mad\u00e1si technik\u00e1t javasolt a Spectre oszt\u00e1ly\u00fa sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek kiakn\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1ra a Chromium motorral rendelkez\u0151 b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151kben. A Spook.js k\u00f3dn\u00e9ven ismert t\u00e1mad\u00e1s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a JavaScript k\u00f3d v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1val megker\u00fclj\u00e9k a weboldalak izol\u00e1ci\u00f3s mechanizmus\u00e1t, \u00e9s elolvass\u00e1k a jelenlegi folyamat teljes c\u00edmz\u00e9si t\u00e9rfogalm\u00e1t, azaz hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rjenek az egyes lapokon fut\u00f3 oldalak adataihoz, amelyeket m\u00e1s f\u00fclekben, de egy folyamatban dolgoznak fel.    <\/p>\n<p>Mivel a Chrome k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 weboldalakat k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 folyamatokban ind\u00edt el, a gyakorlati t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra saj\u00e1t oldalakat l\u00e9trehoz\u00f3 szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokra korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dik. A m\u00f3dszer lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a t\u00e1mad\u00f3, aki k\u00e9pes illeszteni a saj\u00e1t JavaScript k\u00f3dj\u00e1t egy adott oldalba, meg\u00e1llap\u00edtsa, hogy van-e m\u00e1s, ugyanazon weboldalon megnyitott lap, \u00e9s kinyerje az onnan sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 titkos inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a webform\u00e1k automatikus kit\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t v\u00e9gz\u0151 rendszer \u00e1ltal megadott hiteles\u00edt\u0151 adatokat vagy banki adatokat. P\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt bemutat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt, hogyan lehet t\u00e1madni egy idegen blogot a Tumblr szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sban, ha annak tulajdonosa egy m\u00e1sik f\u00fcl\u00f6n megnyitja a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 blogj\u00e1t, amely ugyanazon a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1son tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3.      <center>  <div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"bP9Hquj5PH4\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/bP9Hquj5PH4\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Vide\u00f3 lej\u00e1tsz\u00e1sa\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center>    <\/p>\n<p>A m\u00f3dszer m\u00e1sik alkalmaz\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge a b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151b\u0151v\u00edtm\u00e9nyek elleni t\u00e1mad\u00e1s, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a t\u00e1mad\u00f3k \u00e1ltal ellen\u0151rz\u00f6tt b\u0151v\u00edtm\u00e9ny telep\u00edt\u00e9sekor adatokat nyerjenek ki m\u00e1s b\u0151v\u00edtm\u00e9nyekb\u0151l. P\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt bemutat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt, hogyan lehet k\u00e1ros b\u0151v\u00edtm\u00e9ny telep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel titkos inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat nyerni a LastPass jelsz\u00f3kezel\u0151b\u0151l.       <center>  <div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"yz_s4k1zGwA\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/yz_s4k1zGwA\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Vide\u00f3 lej\u00e1tsz\u00e1sa\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>  <\/center>    <\/p>\n<p>A kutat\u00f3k bemutatt\u00e1k a Chrome 89-en m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 exploit protot\u00edpus\u00e1t, amelyet Intel i7-6700K \u00e9s i7-7600U CPU rendszerekhez optimaliz\u00e1ltak. Az exploit l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a Google \u00e1ltal kor\u00e1bban k\u00f6zz\u00e9tett JavaScript k\u00f3d protot\u00edpusait haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k Spectre oszt\u00e1ly\u00fa t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokhoz. Megjegyzik, hogy a kutat\u00f3knak siker\u00fclt m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 exploithoz jutniuk Intel \u00e9s Apple M1 processzorokkal rendelkez\u0151 rendszerekhez, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve, hogy az adatokat 500 b\u00e1jt\/m\u00e1sodperc sebess\u00e9ggel \u00e9s 96%-os pontoss\u00e1ggal olvass\u00e1k el. Felt\u00e9telezik, hogy a m\u00f3dszer alkalmazhat\u00f3 AMD processzorokon is, de teljesen m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pes exploitot nem siker\u00fclt l\u00e9trehozni.     <\/p>\n<p>A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s b\u00e1rmely Chromium alap\u00fa b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151t \u00e9rint, bele\u00e9rtve a Google Chrome-ot, a Microsoft Edge-et \u00e9s a Brave-et. A kutat\u00f3k azt is felt\u00e9telezik, hogy a m\u00f3dszer alkalmazhat\u00f3 a Firefoxra is, de mivel a Firefox motorja jelent\u0151sen elt\u00e9r a Chrome-t\u00f3l, a hasonl\u00f3 exploit l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak munk\u00e1ja a j\u00f6v\u0151re maradt.    <\/p>\n<p>A b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151n kereszt\u00fcli t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok v\u00e9delme \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, melyek a spekulat\u00edv utas\u00edt\u00e1sv\u00e9grehajt\u00e1ssal \u00e1llnak \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sben, a Chrome-ban megval\u00f3s\u00edtott\u00e1k a c\u00edmk\u00e9k segment\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t - a sandbox-izol\u00e1ci\u00f3 lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a JavaScript csak 32 bites mutat\u00f3kkal m\u0171k\u00f6dj\u00f6n, \u00e9s a kezel\u0151k mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1t nem \u00e1tfed\u0151 4 GB-os kupacokban (heap) osztja el. Az \u00f6sszes c\u00edmter\u00fclethez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e9s a 32 bites korl\u00e1toz\u00e1s megker\u00fcl\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a kutat\u00f3k a Type Confusion technik\u00e1t alkalmazz\u00e1k, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a JavaScript motor sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy rossz t\u00edpus\u00fa objektumot dolgozzon fel, \u00edgy k\u00e9pes egy 64 bites mutat\u00f3t l\u00e9trehozni k\u00e9t 32 bites \u00e9rt\u00e9k kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1b\u00f3l.     <\/p>\n<p>A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s l\u00e9nyege, hogy a JavaScript motorban a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kosan form\u00e1zott rosszindulat\u00fa objektum feldolgoz\u00e1sakor olyan k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyeket teremt, amelyek spekulat\u00edv utas\u00edt\u00e1sv\u00e9grehajt\u00e1st okoznak, amelyek hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st biztos\u00edtanak egy t\u00f6mbh\u00f6z. Az objektumot \u00fagy v\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k ki, hogy a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 \u00e1ltal vez\u00e9relt mez\u0151k 64 bites mutat\u00f3t haszn\u00e1l\u00f3 ter\u00fcleten helyezkedjenek el. Mivel a rosszindulat\u00fa objektum t\u00edpusa nem felel meg a feldolgozand\u00f3 t\u00f6mb t\u00edpus\u00e1nak, ezek a m\u0171veletek norm\u00e1l k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a Chrome k\u00f3ddeopti\u00admiz\u00e1l\u00f3 mechanizmus\u00e1nak blokkol\u00e1s\u00e1ba \u00fctk\u00f6zik, amelyet a t\u00f6mb\u00f6kh\u00f6z val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9shez haszn\u00e1lnak. A probl\u00e9ma megold\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a Type Confusion t\u00e1mad\u00f3 k\u00f3dot egy felt\u00e9teles blokkba helyezik, amely norm\u00e1l k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt nem aktiv\u00e1l\u00f3dik, de spekulat\u00edv m\u00f3dban, a processzor helytelen \u00e1gpredikci\u00f3ja eset\u00e9n v\u00e9grehajt\u00f3dik.     <\/p>\n<p>A v\u00e9g\u00e9n a processzor spekulat\u00edvan hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r a l\u00e9trehozott 64 bites mutat\u00f3hoz, \u00e9s vissza\u00e1ll\u00edtja az \u00e1llapotot, miut\u00e1n meghat\u00e1rozta a sikertelen el\u0151rejelz\u00e9st, de a v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1si nyomok a k\u00f6z\u00f6s cache-ben maradnak, \u00e9s helyre\u00e1ll\u00edthat\u00f3k a cache tartalm\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 m\u00f3dszerekkel, amelyek elemezik a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si id\u0151 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1t a gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1rba \u00e9s a nem gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1razott adatokba. A cache tartalm\u00e1nak elemz\u00e9s\u00e9re, a JavaScript-ben el\u00e9rhet\u0151 id\u0151z\u00edt\u0151 pontatlan haszn\u00e1lata mellett, a Google \u00e1ltal javasolt m\u00f3dszert alkalmazz\u00e1k, amely megt\u00e9veszti a processzorokban alkalmazott Tree-PLRU cache ki\u00fcr\u00edt\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1t, \u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a ciklusok sz\u00e1m\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9vel a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s ideje k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g jelent\u0151s n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9t, amikor egy \u00e9rt\u00e9k hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhet\u0151 a cache-ben, illetve nem.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55795\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Spectre \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 Chromium. \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f Spook.js, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a JavaScript-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0442.\u0435. \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 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