{"id":103819,"date":"2022-04-19T15:36:59","date_gmt":"2022-04-19T13:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dvizhenie-po-vklyucheniyu-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-postavku-debian"},"modified":"2022-04-19T15:36:59","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T13:36:59","slug":"dvizhenie-po-vklyucheniyu-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-postavku-debian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/dvizhenie-po-vklyucheniyu-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-postavku-debian","title":{"rendered":"A proprietary firmware being included in the Debian distribution","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Steve McIntyre, aki n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vig a Debian projekt vezet\u0151je volt, kezdem\u00e9nyezte a Debian viszony\u00e1nak \u00fajragondol\u00e1s\u00e1t a propriet\u00e1ris firmwarek sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, amelyek jelenleg nem szerepelnek a hivatalos telep\u00edt\u00e9si k\u00e9pekben, hanem k\u00fcl\u00f6n non-free t\u00e1rol\u00f3ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. Steve szerint a c\u00e9l, hogy csak ny\u00edlt szoftver ker\u00fclj\u00f6n sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra, felesleges neh\u00e9zs\u00e9geket okoz a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3knak, akik sok esetben propriet\u00e1ris firmware-t k\u00e9nytelenek telep\u00edteni, ha teljes funkcionalit\u00e1st szeretn\u00e9nek el\u00e9rni a hardver\u00fck\u00f6n. <\/p>\n

A propriet\u00e1ris firmware-k k\u00fcl\u00f6n non-free t\u00e1rol\u00f3ba ker\u00fclnek, m\u00e1s, nem szabad \u00e9s ny\u00edlt licencek alatt terjesztett csomagok mellett. A non-free t\u00e1rol\u00f3 hivatalosan nem tartozik a Debian projekthez, \u00e9s a benne tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 csomagok nem l\u00e9phetnek be a telep\u00edt\u00e9si \u00e9s \u00e9l\u0151 gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyekbe. Emiatt a propriet\u00e1ris firmware-rel rendelkez\u0151 telep\u00edt\u00e9si k\u00e9peket k\u00fcl\u00f6n gy\u0171jtik \u00f6ssze, \u00e9s nem hivatalos kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ba tartoznak, b\u00e1r form\u00e1lisan ezeket a Debian projekt fejleszti \u00e9s karbantartja. <\/p>\n

\u00cdgy a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gben kialakult egy bizonyos status quo, amely \u00f6tv\u00f6zi a ny\u00edlt szoftverek csak a disztrib\u00faci\u00f3ban t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3 v\u00e1gyat, \u00e9s a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k firmware-ig\u00e9ny\u00e9t. Van egy kis sz\u00e1m\u00fa szabad firmware, amely szerepel a hivatalos gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyekben \u00e9s a f\u0151 t\u00e1rol\u00f3ban, de ilyen firmwarekb\u0151l nagyon kev\u00e9s van \u00e9s a legt\u00f6bb esetben nem elegend\u0151. <\/p>\n

A Debianban alkalmazott megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s sok probl\u00e9m\u00e1t teremt, k\u00f6zt\u00fck a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra k\u00e9nyelmetlens\u00e9get \u00e9s er\u0151forr\u00e1sok pazarl\u00e1s\u00e1t a nem hivatalos z\u00e1rt firmware-gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyek \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, tesztel\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s k\u00f6zz\u00e9t\u00e9tel\u00e9re. A projekt a hivatalos k\u00e9peket aj\u00e1nlja els\u0151dlegesk\u00e9nt, de ezzel csak \u00f6sszezavarja a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3kat, mivel a telep\u00edt\u00e9s sor\u00e1n probl\u00e9m\u00e1kkal tal\u00e1lkoznak a hardver t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1val. A nem hivatalos k\u00e9pek haszn\u00e1lata akaratlanul is el\u0151seg\u00edti a nem szabad szoftverek n\u00e9pszer\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9t, mivel a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 a firmware mellett egy csatlakoztatott non-free t\u00e1rol\u00f3t is kap, amely m\u00e1s nem szabad szoftvereket tartalmaz, m\u00edg ha a firmware-ket k\u00fcl\u00f6n k\u00edn\u00e1ln\u00e1k, a non-free t\u00e1rol\u00f3 bevon\u00e1sa n\u00e9lk\u00fcl is megoldhatn\u00e1k. <\/p>\n

Az ut\u00f3bbi id\u0151ben a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k egyre ink\u00e1bb a k\u00fcls\u0151 firmware-ek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz folyamodnak, amelyeket az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer t\u00f6lt be, ahelyett, hogy a firmware-eket az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k bels\u0151 mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1ban sz\u00e1ll\u00edtan\u00e1k. Az ilyen k\u00fcls\u0151 firmware-ek sok modern grafikus, hang- \u00e9s h\u00e1l\u00f3zati adapter sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesek. K\u00e9rd\u00e9ses azonban, hogy a firmware-eket a szabad szoftver sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyei k\u00f6z\u00e9 lehet-e sorolni, mivel a firmware-ek l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben hardveres eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k\u00f6n futnak, nem pedig a rendszerben, \u00e9s a hardverhez tartoznak. Ugyanazzal a sikerrel a modern sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9peken, amelyek ak\u00e1r teljesen szabad disztrib\u00faci\u00f3kkal vannak felszerelve, a hardverbe \u00e9p\u00edtett firmware-ek is futnak. Csak annyi a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g, hogy egyes firmware-eket az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer t\u00f6lt be, m\u00edg m\u00e1sok m\u00e1r be vannak \u00e9getve a ROM-ba vagy Flash mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba. <\/p>\n

Steve \u00f6t f\u0151 lehet\u0151s\u00e9get terjesztett el\u0151 a Debian firmware sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak formai megold\u00e1saira, amelyeket a fejleszt\u0151k \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos szavaz\u00e1sra terveznek bocs\u00e1tani: <\/p>\n

  • Mindent hagyjunk \u00fagy, ahogy van, a z\u00e1rt firmware-eket csak k\u00fcl\u00f6n nem hivatalos kiad\u00e1sokban sz\u00e1ll\u00edtjuk.\n
  • Sz\u00fcntess\u00fck meg a nem hivatalos, nem szabad firmware-ekkel rendelkez\u0151 kiad\u00e1sok biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s hozzuk a disztrib\u00faci\u00f3t \u00f6sszhangba a projekt azon ideol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1val, hogy csak szabad szoftvert sz\u00e1ll\u00edtsunk.\n
  • A nem hivatalos kiad\u00e1sokat a hivatalos kiad\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00e9 sorolva p\u00e1rhuzamosan \u00e9s egy helyen sz\u00e1ll\u00edtsuk \u0151ket a csak szabad szoftvert tartalmaz\u00f3 kiad\u00e1sokkal, \u00edgy megk\u00f6nny\u00edtve a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges firmware keres\u00e9s\u00e9t.\n
  • A propriet\u00e1rius firmware-eket \u00e9p\u00edts\u00fck bele a hivatalos kiad\u00e1sokba, \u00e9s mondjunk le a k\u00fcl\u00f6n nem hivatalos kiad\u00e1sok sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l. Ennek a megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9snek a h\u00e1tr\u00e1nya, hogy alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint mag\u00e1ban foglalja a non-free t\u00e1rol\u00f3t.\n
  • A propriet\u00e1rius firmware-eket k\u00fcl\u00f6n non-free-firmware komponensbe emelj\u00fck ki a non-free t\u00e1rol\u00f3b\u00f3l, \u00e9s egy m\u00e1sik t\u00e1rol\u00f3ban biztos\u00edtjuk, amely nem ig\u00e9nyli a non-free t\u00e1rol\u00f3 aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t. A projekt szab\u00e1lyaiba ker\u00fclj\u00f6n bele egy kiv\u00e9tel, amely enged\u00e9lyezi a non-free-firmware komponens belefoglal\u00e1s\u00e1t a hivatalos telep\u00edt\u0151 kiad\u00e1sokba. \u00cdgy lehet\u0151s\u00e9g ny\u00edlik a k\u00fcl\u00f6n nem hivatalos kiad\u00e1sok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak elt\u00f6rl\u00e9s\u00e9re, a firmware-ek hivatalos kiad\u00e1sokba val\u00f3 belefoglal\u00e1s\u00e1ra, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3knak aktiv\u00e1lniuk kellene a non-free t\u00e1rol\u00f3t.\n

    Steve maga t\u00e1mogatja az \u00f6t\u00f6dik pont elfogad\u00e1s\u00e1t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a projekt sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy ne t\u00e9rjen el t\u00fals\u00e1gosan a szabad szoftverek el\u0151mozd\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t\u00f3l, mik\u00f6zben a term\u00e9ket k\u00e9nyelmess\u00e9 \u00e9s hasznoss\u00e1 teszi a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. A telep\u00edt\u0151ben vil\u00e1gosan javasolj\u00e1k a szabad \u00e9s nem szabad firmware-ek k\u00fcl\u00f6nv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1t, lehet\u0151s\u00e9get adva a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3nak a tudatos v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sra, \u00e9s t\u00e1j\u00e9koztatva \u0151t arr\u00f3l, hogy a rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll\u00f3 szabad firmware-ek t\u00e1mogatj\u00e1k-e a jelenlegi hardver\u00e9t, valamint hogy vannak-e projektek a megl\u00e9v\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z szabad firmware-ek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A bet\u00f6lt\u00e9si f\u00e1zis sor\u00e1n emellett tervezz\u00fck a lehet\u0151s\u00e9get, hogy letiltsuk a nem szabad firmware-ek csomagj\u00e1t.
    \n
    Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0440 (Steve McIntyre), \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Debian, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Debian \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 non-free. \u041f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u041e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0443 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47A propriet\u00e1rius firmware-ek Debianba val\u00f3 integr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak mozgalma | ProHoster","description":"Steve McIntyre, aki n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vig a Debian projekt vezet\u0151je volt, kezdem\u00e9nyezte a Debian hozz\u00e1\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00fajragondol\u00e1s\u00e1t a propriet\u00e1rius firmware-ek sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, amelyek jelenleg nem szerepelnek.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/dvizhenie-po-vklyucheniyu-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-postavku-debian","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"hu_HU","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 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