{"id":104306,"date":"2022-06-07T09:36:47","date_gmt":"2022-06-07T07:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/protokol-http-3-0-poluchil-status-predlozhennogo-standarta"},"modified":"2022-06-07T09:36:47","modified_gmt":"2022-06-07T07:36:48","slug":"protokol-http-3-0-poluchil-status-predlozhennogo-standarta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/protokol-http-3-0-poluchil-status-predlozhennogo-standarta","title":{"rendered":"A HTTP\/3.0 protokoll javasolt standard st\u00e1tuszt kapott","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Az IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), amely az internet protokolljainak \u00e9s architekt\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1nak fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9vel foglalkozik, befejezte az HTTP\/3.0 protokoll RFC-j\u00e9nek kidolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s k\u00f6zz\u00e9tette a kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3kat RFC 9114 (protokoll) \u00e9s RFC 9204 (QPACK nev\u0171 HTTP\/3 konzolfejleszt\u00e9si technol\u00f3gia) azonos\u00edt\u00f3k alatt. Az HTTP\/3.0 specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u201eJavasolt szabv\u00e1ny\u201d st\u00e1tuszt kapott, majd elkezd\u0151dik az RFC \u201etervezet szabv\u00e1ny\u201d (Draft Standard) st\u00e1tusz\u00e1nak elnyer\u00e9s\u00e9nek folyamata, amely gyakorlatilag a protokoll teljes stabiliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s az \u00f6sszes megjegyz\u00e9s figyelembev\u00e9tel\u00e9t jelenti. Ezzel egy id\u0151ben friss\u00edtett specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3k jelentek meg a HTTP\/1.1 (RFC 9112) \u00e9s HTTP\/2.0 (RFC 9113) protokollokhoz, valamint dokumentumok, amelyek a HTTP-k\u00e9relmek szemantik\u00e1j\u00e1t (RFC 9110) \u00e9s a HTTP cache-ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00f3 fejl\u00e9ceket (RFC 9111) hat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k meg.        <\/p>\n<p>A HTTP\/3 protokoll a QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) protokoll haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t hat\u00e1rozza meg sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3k\u00e9nt a HTTP\/2-h\u00f6z. A QUIC egy UDP alap\u00fa protokoll, amely t\u00e1mogatja t\u00f6bb kapcsolat multiplexel\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00e9s olyan titkos\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3dszereket biztos\u00edt, amelyek megfelelnek a TLS\/SSL-nek. A protokollt 2013-ban a Google fejlesztette ki alternat\u00edvak\u00e9nt a TCP+TLS kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3val a web sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, megoldva a TCP kapcsolatok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s egyes\u00edt\u00e9si id\u0151tartam\u00e1nak probl\u00e9m\u00e1it, valamint elt\u00fcntetve a csomagveszt\u00e9s sor\u00e1n jelentkez\u0151 k\u00e9s\u00e9seket az adatok \u00e1tvitele sor\u00e1n.     <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A HTTP\/3.0 protokoll javasolt standard st\u00e1tuszt kapott\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0821fd634337ac1f1cc0924abb4f55dc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>        <\/p>\n<p>Jelenleg a QUIC \u00e9s HTTP\/3.0 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa m\u00e1r megval\u00f3sult a legn\u00e9pszer\u0171bb web b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151kben (a Chrome, Firefox \u00e9s Edge b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151kben az HTTP\/3 alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint enged\u00e9lyezve van, m\u00edg a Safari-n\u00e1l az \u201eAdvanced &gt; Experimental Features &gt; HTTP\/3\u201d be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s enged\u00e9lyez\u00e9se sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges). A szerveroldali HTTP\/3 implement\u00e1ci\u00f3k el\u00e9rhet\u0151k nginx (k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e1gon \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6n modulk\u00e9nt), Caddy, IIS \u00e9s LiteSpeed sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Az HTTP\/3 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t a Cloudflare tartalom sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 h\u00e1l\u00f3zata is biztos\u00edtja.     <\/p>\n<p>A QUIC f\u0151bb jellemz\u0151i:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Magas biztons\u00e1g, amely hasonl\u00f3 a TLS-hez (l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben a QUIC lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a TLS haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t az UDP-n \u00fcst\u00f6k\u00f6lve);  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A folyam integrit\u00e1s\u00e1nak ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se, amely megakad\u00e1lyozza a csomagok elveszt\u00e9s\u00e9t;    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A kapcsolat azonnali l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge (0-RTT, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 75%-ban az adatok azonnal \u00e1tadhat\u00f3k a kapcsolati telep\u00edt\u00e9si csomag k\u00fcld\u00e9se ut\u00e1n) \u00e9s a k\u00e9r\u00e9s elk\u00fcld\u00e9se \u00e9s a v\u00e1lasz meg\u00e9rkez\u00e9se k\u00f6z\u00f6tti minim\u00e1lis k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9sek biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa (RTT, Round Trip Time);      <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A HTTP\/3.0 protokoll javasolt standard st\u00e1tuszt kapott\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d416668e500fd2b79304fa0b13f793e3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A csomagok \u00faj seq. sz\u00e1mmal val\u00f3 \u00fajrak\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9nek lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a megkapott csomagok pontos azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s megsz\u00fcnteti az id\u0151t\u00fall\u00e9p\u00e9seket;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Csomag elveszt\u00e9se csak az ahhoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 folyamat sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t befoly\u00e1solja, \u00e9s nem \u00e1ll\u00edtja le az adatokat a p\u00e1rhuzamosan \u00e1tkonvert\u00e1lt folyamatok sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban;    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Hibaellen\u0151rz\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k, amelyek minimaliz\u00e1lj\u00e1k a k\u00e9s\u00e9seket az elveszett csomagok \u00fajrak\u00fcld\u00e9se miatt. Speci\u00e1lis hibaellen\u0151rz\u0151 k\u00f3dok haszn\u00e1lata csomagszinten a vesztes csomagok \u00fajrak\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9nek sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9g\u00e9nek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9re.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A kriptogr\u00e1fiai blokkok hat\u00e1rai a QUIC csomagok hat\u00e1raival \u00f6ssze vannak hangolva, ez\u00e1ltal cs\u00f6kkenti a csomagveszt\u00e9sek hat\u00e1s\u00e1t a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 csomagok tartalm\u00e1nak dek\u00f3dol\u00e1s\u00e1ra;    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nincsenek probl\u00e9m\u00e1k a TCP sorok blokkol\u00e1s\u00e1val;    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u00e1mogatja a kapcsolati azonos\u00edt\u00f3t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a mobil kliensek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a visszakapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1si id\u0151 cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9t;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A kapcsolati t\u00falterhel\u00e9s-ellen\u0151rz\u00e9si mechanizmusok kiterjesztett lehet\u0151s\u00e9geinek csatlakoztat\u00e1sa;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> S\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9g-el\u0151rejelz\u00e9si technik\u00e1k haszn\u00e1lata mindk\u00e9t ir\u00e1nyban a csomagok optim\u00e1lis k\u00fcld\u00e9si intenzit\u00e1s\u00e1nak biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, elker\u00fclve a t\u00falterhelts\u00e9gi \u00e1llapotba val\u00f3 ker\u00fcl\u00e9st, amely csomagveszt\u00e9st eredm\u00e9nyez;    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Jelent\u0151s teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyn\u00f6veked\u00e9s \u00e9s s\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9g a TCP-hez k\u00e9pest. Vide\u00f3szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a YouTube eset\u00e9ben a QUIC alkalmaz\u00e1sa 30%-kal cs\u00f6kkentette a vide\u00f3k megtekint\u00e9se sor\u00e1n a puffereket.    <\/ul>\n<p>A HTTP\/1.1 specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3n bel\u00fcl kiemelend\u0151 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s, hogy a visszat\u00e9r\u0151 karakter (CR) elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00fclt haszn\u00e1lata tilos, azaz a protokoll elemeiben a CR karakter csak a sorv\u00e9gi karakterrel (CRLF) egy\u00fctt alkalmazhat\u00f3. A chunked k\u00e9r\u00e9sek \u00f6sszerendel\u00e9s\u00e9nek algoritmus\u00e1t m\u00f3dos\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy egyszer\u0171bb\u00e9 v\u00e1ljon a csatolt mez\u0151k \u00e9s a fejl\u00e9c szekci\u00f3k elv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa. Aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sok ker\u00fcltek bevezet\u00e9sre a k\u00e9t\u00e9rtelm\u0171 tartalom kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re az \u201eHTTP Request Smuggling\u201d t\u00edpus\u00fa t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok blokkol\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik, hogy m\u00e1s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k k\u00e9r\u00e9seibe beavatkozzanak a frontend \u00e9s a backend k\u00f6z\u00f6tti folyamatban.    <\/p>\n<p>A HTTP\/2.0 specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3 friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9ben egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt a TLS 1.3 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa. A priorit\u00e1s meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1nak rendszere \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1 kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 mez\u0151k az elavult kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ba ker\u00fcltek. Az HTTP\/1.1-gyel val\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00e1si friss\u00edt\u00e9s mechanizmusa, amely nem terjedt el, szint\u00e9n elavultnak sz\u00e1m\u00edt. Cs\u00f6kkentett\u00e9k a mez\u0151k \u00e9s \u00e9rt\u00e9kek nev\u00e9nek ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re vonatkoz\u00f3 k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyeket. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny kor\u00e1bban fenntartott keret- \u00e9s param\u00e9tert\u00edpus haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t javasolj\u00e1k. Pontosabban meghat\u00e1rozt\u00e1k a csatlakoz\u00e1sra vonatkoz\u00f3 tilthat\u00f3 fejl\u00e9cmez\u0151ket.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57309\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 RFC \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 HTTP\/3.0 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 RFC 9114 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b) \u0438 RFC 9204 (\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432 QPACK \u0434\u043b\u044f HTTP\/3). \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f HTTP\/3.0 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 &#171;\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e RFC \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 (Draft [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":104307,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f 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