{"id":104807,"date":"2022-08-10T15:37:46","date_gmt":"2022-08-10T13:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5"},"modified":"2022-08-10T15:37:46","modified_gmt":"2022-08-10T13:37:46","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5","title":{"rendered":"Az nftables 1.0.5 csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 kiad\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Megjelent a nftables 1.0.5 verzi\u00f3ja, amely egys\u00e9ges\u00edti a csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 interf\u00e9szeket az IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u00e9s h\u00e1l\u00f3zati hidak sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra (c\u00e9lja az iptables, ip6tables, arptables \u00e9s ebtables helyettes\u00edt\u00e9se). Ezzel egy id\u0151ben megjelent a kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 libnftnl 1.2.3 k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r, amely alacsony szint\u0171 API-t biztos\u00edt az nf_tables alrendszer\u00e9vel val\u00f3 interakci\u00f3hoz.       <\/p>\n<p>Az nftables csomagba tartoznak a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 komponensek, m\u00edg a kernel szintj\u00e9n az nf_tables alrendszer l\u00e1tja el a feladatot, amely a Linux kernel 3.13-as verzi\u00f3j\u00e1t\u00f3l kezdve \u00e9rhet\u0151 el. A kernel szintj\u00e9n csak egy \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos interf\u00e9sz \u00e1ll rendelkez\u00e9sre, amely f\u00fcggetlen a konkr\u00e9t protokollt\u00f3l, \u00e9s alapvet\u0151 funkci\u00f3kat biztos\u00edt a csomagokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 adatok kinyer\u00e9s\u00e9re, az adatokkal v\u00e9gzett m\u0171veletekre \u00e9s az adatfolyam kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re.    <\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a sz\u0171r\u00e9si szab\u00e1lyok \u00e9s a protokollspecifikus kezel\u0151k felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben b\u00e1jt k\u00f3dba vannak ford\u00edtva, majd ezt a b\u00e1jt k\u00f3dot a Netlink interf\u00e9sz seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel bet\u00f6ltik a kernelbe, ahol speci\u00e1lis k\u00f6rnyezetben v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sra ker\u00fcl. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pben\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4326\">virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pben<\/a>, amely a BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters) elj\u00e1r\u00e1sra eml\u00e9keztet. Ez a megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkenti a kernel szinten m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 sz\u0171r\u00e9si k\u00f3d m\u00e9ret\u00e9t, mik\u00f6zben az \u00f6sszes szab\u00e1lyok parszol\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9s a protokollokkal kapcsolatos logik\u00e1val kapcsolatos funkci\u00f3t a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rbe helyezi.    <\/p>\n<p>F\u0151bb v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A szab\u00e1lyoptimaliz\u00e1l\u00f3ban, amely a '-o\/--optimize' opci\u00f3 megad\u00e1sakor h\u00edv\u00f3dik meg, megold\u00f3dott a szab\u00e1lyok, a map- \u00e9s set-list\u00e1k egyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel kapcsolatos probl\u00e9m\u00e1k. # cat ruleset.nft       table ip x {              chain y {                      type nat hook postrouting priority srcnat; policy drop;                      ip saddr 1.1.1.1 tcp dport 8000 snat to 4.4.4.4:80                      ip saddr 2.2.2.2 tcp dport 8001 snat to 5.5.5.5:90              }       }         # nft -o -c -f ruleset.nft       Egyes\u00edt\u00e9s:       ruleset.nft:4:3-52:                ip saddr 1.1.1.1 tcp dport 8000 snat to 4.4.4.4:80       ruleset.nft:5:3-52:                ip saddr 2.2.2.2 tcp dport 8001 snat to 5.5.5.5:90       ide:              snat to ip saddr . tcp dport map { 1.1.1.1 . 8000 : 4.4.4.4 . 80, 2.2.2.2 . 8001 : 5.5.5.5 . 90 }\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ethernet \u00e9s vlan elemek egyes\u00edt\u00e9sekor biztos\u00edtott a dinamikus set-lista meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sa, amely a csomagok \u00fatvonal param\u00e9terei alapj\u00e1n t\u00f6lt\u0151dik fel.         add table netdev x       add chain netdev x y { type filter hook ingress device enp0s25 priority 0;   }       add set netdev x macset { typeof ether daddr . vlan id; flags   dynamic,timeout; }       add rule netdev x y update @macset { ether daddr . vlan id timeout 60s }            add rule netdev x y ether saddr . vlan id { 0a:0b:0c:0d:0e:0f . 42,   0a:0b:0c:0d:0e:0f . 4095 } counter accept\n<li class=\"l\"> Megval\u00f3sult a szab\u00e1lyok megjelen\u00edt\u00e9se map-list\u00e1kkal, amelyek maszkokat tartalmaznak az interf\u00e9sznevekben.         table inet filter {          chain INPUT {              iifname vmap {                  'eth0' : jump input_lan,                  'wg*' : jump input_vpn              }          }          chain input_lan {}          chain input_vpn {}       }\n<li class=\"l\"> Kijav\u00edtott\u00e1k a regressz\u00edv hib\u00e1kat, amelyek helytelen lexikai elemz\u00e9shez vezettek helyes szab\u00e1lyok eset\u00e9n.\n<li class=\"l\"> Megoldott\u00e1k a probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat a nagy list\u00e1k lass\u00fa feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9s automatikus egyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel, amelyek \u00e9rt\u00e9kintervallumokat hat\u00e1roznak meg.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kijav\u00edtott\u00e1k a rendszer le\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1t, amikor elemeket pr\u00f3b\u00e1ltak hozz\u00e1adni egy \u00e9rv\u00e9nytelen set-l\u00e1shoz.    <\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57619\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.5, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.2.3, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.5, 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