{"id":105384,"date":"2022-10-26T15:36:38","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T13:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/lennart-pottering-predlozhil-novuyu-arhitekturu-verificzirovannoj-zagruzki-linux"},"modified":"2022-10-26T15:36:38","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T13:36:38","slug":"lennart-pottering-predlozhil-novuyu-arhitekturu-verificzirovannoj-zagruzki-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/lennart-pottering-predlozhil-novuyu-arhitekturu-verificzirovannoj-zagruzki-linux","title":{"rendered":"Lennart Poettering javasolt egy \u00faj architekt\u00far\u00e1t a Linux meger\u0151s\u00edtett bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9hez.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Lennart Poettering k\u00f6zz\u00e9tette a Linux-disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k bet\u00f6lt\u00e9si folyamat\u00e1nak korszer\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re vonatkoz\u00f3 javaslat\u00e1t, amely a megl\u00e9v\u0151 probl\u00e9m\u00e1k megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s a teljesen hiteles\u00edtett bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s egyszer\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt, ami igazolja a kernel \u00e9s az alapvet\u0151 rendszerni k\u00f6rnyezet hiteless\u00e9g\u00e9t. A sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sok, amelyek alkalmaz\u00e1sra ker\u00fclnek az \u00faj architekt\u00fara \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, m\u00e1r be vannak \u00e9p\u00edtve a systemd k\u00f3dalapj\u00e1ba, \u00e9s \u00e9rintik az olyan komponenseket, mint a systemd-stub, systemd-measure, systemd-cryptenroll, systemd-cryptsetup, systemd-pcrphase \u00e9s systemd-creds.      <\/p>\n<p>A javasolt v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok c\u00e9lja egy univerz\u00e1lis UKI (Unified Kernel Image) k\u00e9p l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa, amely egyes\u00edti a Linux kernel k\u00e9p\u00e9t, a kernel UEFI-b\u00f3l val\u00f3 ind\u00edt\u00f3 seg\u00e9dprogramj\u00e1t (UEFI boot stub) \u00e9s a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt initrd rendszert, amelyet a gy\u00f6k\u00e9r f\u00e1jlrendszer el\u0151tti kezdeti inicializ\u00e1l\u00e1sra haszn\u00e1lnak. Az initrd RAM-lemez k\u00e9p helyett az UKI tartalmazhatja az eg\u00e9sz rendszert, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve teljesen hiteles\u00edtett rendszeri k\u00f6rnyezetek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t, amelyeket k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba t\u00f6ltenek be. Az UKI-k\u00e9p PE form\u00e1tum\u00fa v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlk\u00e9nt van megform\u00e1lva, amely nemcsak a hagyom\u00e1nyos bet\u00f6lt\u0151kkel, hanem k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl is megh\u00edvhat\u00f3 az UEFI firmware-b\u00f3l.     <\/p>\n<p>Az UEFI-b\u00f3l val\u00f3 megh\u00edv\u00e1s lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e1ltali integrit\u00e1s- \u00e9s hiteless\u00e9g-ellen\u0151rz\u00e9st, amely nemcsak a kernelt, hanem az initrd tartalm\u00e1t is mag\u00e1ban foglalja. Emellett a hagyom\u00e1nyos bet\u00f6lt\u0151kb\u0151l val\u00f3 megh\u00edv\u00e1s t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa meg\u0151rzi az olyan lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket, mint a t\u00f6bb kernel verzi\u00f3 sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s az automatikus visszal\u00e9p\u00e9s a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 kernelre \u00faj kernel telep\u00edt\u00e9se ut\u00e1n, ha probl\u00e9m\u00e1k mer\u00fclnek fel az \u00faj kernellel.    <\/p>\n<p>Jelenleg a legt\u00f6bb Linux disztrib\u00faci\u00f3 ind\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat\u00e1ban a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 l\u00e1nc haszn\u00e1latos: &#171;firmware &#8594; Microsoft \u00e1ltal al\u00e1\u00edrt shim r\u00e9teg &#8594; a disztrib\u00faci\u00f3 \u00e1ltal al\u00e1\u00edrt GRUB bet\u00f6lt\u0151 &#8594; a disztrib\u00faci\u00f3 \u00e1ltal al\u00e1\u00edrt Linux kernel &#8594; nem al\u00e1\u00edrt initrd k\u00f6rnyezet &#8594; gy\u00f6k\u00e9r f\u00e1jlrendszer&#187;. Az initrd ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9nek hi\u00e1nya a hagyom\u00e1nyos disztrib\u00faci\u00f3kban biztons\u00e1gi probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat okoz, mivel ebben a k\u00f6rnyezetben t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik a gy\u00f6k\u00e9r f\u00e1jlrendszer dek\u00f3dol\u00e1s\u00e1hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges kulcsok kinyer\u00e9se is.     <\/p>\n<p>Az initrd k\u00e9p verifik\u00e1l\u00e1sa nem t\u00e1mogatott, mivel ez a f\u00e1jl a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 helyi rendszer\u00e9n keletkezik, \u00e9s nem lehet hiteles\u00edtve a disztrib\u00faci\u00f3 digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1val, ami jelent\u0151sen megnehez\u00edti a verific\u00e1l\u00e1s megszervez\u00e9s\u00e9t a SecureBoot m\u00f3d haszn\u00e1lata eset\u00e9n (az initrd hiteles\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3nak saj\u00e1t kulcsokat kell gener\u00e1lni \u00e9s felt\u00f6lteni az UEFI firmware-be). Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl a megl\u00e9v\u0151 rendszerind\u00edt\u00e1si szervezet nem teszi lehet\u0151v\u00e9 a TPM PCR (Platform Configuration Register) regiszterekb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1t a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9r \u00f6sszetev\u0151inek integrit\u00e1s\u00e1nak ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re, a shim, grub \u00e9s kernelen k\u00edv\u00fcl. A fenn\u00e1ll\u00f3 probl\u00e9m\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt eml\u00edtend\u0151 a rendszerind\u00edt\u00f3 friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek bonyolults\u00e1ga \u00e9s a kulcsok TPM-ben val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9nek korl\u00e1toz\u00e1s\u00e1nak hi\u00e1nya r\u00e9gebbi oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek eset\u00e9ben, amelyek nem relev\u00e1nsak az \u00faj friss\u00edt\u00e9s telep\u00edt\u00e9se ut\u00e1n.        <\/p>\n<p>Az \u00faj rendszerind\u00edt\u00f3 architekt\u00fara bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9nek f\u0151 c\u00e9ljai:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Teljesen hiteles\u00edtett rendszerind\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa, amely mag\u00e1ban foglalja a firmware-t\u0151l kezdve a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rig minden l\u00e9p\u00e9st, \u00e9s garant\u00e1lja a bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt \u00f6sszetev\u0151k hiteless\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s integrit\u00e1s\u00e1t.\n<li class=\"l\"> A vez\u00e9relt er\u0151forr\u00e1sok \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00e1sa a TPM PCR regiszterekkel a tulajdonosok szerinti feloszt\u00e1s szerint.\n<li class=\"l\"> A PCR \u00e9rt\u00e9keinek el\u0151zetes kisz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sa a rendszerind\u00edt\u00e1shoz haszn\u00e1lt kernel, initrd, konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s helyi azonos\u00edt\u00f3 alapj\u00e1n.\n<li class=\"l\"> V\u00e9delem a visszag\u00f6rget\u00e9si t\u00e1mad\u00e1sokkal szemben, amelyek a m\u00faltbeli sebezhet\u0151 verzi\u00f3ra val\u00f3 visszat\u00e9r\u00e9shez kapcsol\u00f3dnak.\n<li class=\"l\"> A friss\u00edt\u00e9sek egyszer\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9se.\n<li class=\"l\"> Olyan oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerfriss\u00edt\u00e9sek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, amelyek nem ig\u00e9nyelnek \u00fajraalkalmaz\u00e1st vagy helyi er\u0151forr\u00e1sok el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t, amelyek TPM \u00e1ltal v\u00e9dettek.\n<li class=\"l\"> A rendszer k\u00e9szen \u00e1ll t\u00e1voli hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si folyamatok lebonyol\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra a bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer \u00e9s be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sainak helyess\u00e9g\u00e9re vonatkoz\u00f3 meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bizalmas adatok meghat\u00e1rozott rendszerind\u00edt\u00e1si szakaszokhoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1rendel\u00e9s\u00e9nek lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul titkos\u00edt\u00e1si kulcsok TPM-b\u0151l val\u00f3 kinyer\u00e9se a gy\u00f6k\u00e9r f\u00e1jlrendszerhez.\n<li class=\"l\"> Biztons\u00e1gos, automatikus \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i beavatkoz\u00e1st nem ig\u00e9nyl\u0151 kulcsfelold\u00e1si folyamat biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa a gy\u00f6k\u00e9r part\u00edci\u00f3val rendelkez\u0151 meghajt\u00f3 dek\u00f3dol\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.\n<li class=\"l\"> TPM 2.0 specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3t t\u00e1mogat\u00f3 chipek haszn\u00e1lata, lehet\u0151s\u00e9g a TPM n\u00e9lk\u00fcli rendszerekre val\u00f3 visszat\u00e9r\u00e9sre.  <\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57984\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 (Lennart Poettering) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 systemd \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a systemd-stub, systemd-measure, systemd-cryptenroll, systemd-cryptsetup, systemd-pcrphase \u0438 systemd-creds. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 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