{"id":111523,"date":"2023-11-15T15:10:13","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T13:10:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimost-v-cpu-amd-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-zashhity-sev-secure-encrypted-virtualization"},"modified":"2023-11-15T15:10:13","modified_gmt":"2023-11-15T13:10:13","slug":"uyazvimost-v-cpu-amd-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-zashhity-sev-secure-encrypted-virtualization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/uyazvimost-v-cpu-amd-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-zashhity-sev-secure-encrypted-virtualization","title":{"rendered":"Egy s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9g tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 az AMD CPU-kban, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization) v\u00e9delmi mechanizmus megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A Helmholtz Center for Information Security (CISPA) kutat\u00f3i k\u00f6zz\u00e9tettek egy \u00faj t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszert, a CacheWarpot, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization) v\u00e9delmi mechanizmus\u00e1nak kompromitt\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t, amelyet a virtualiz\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek alkalmaznak a virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek hypervisor vagy a gazdag\u00e9p-adminisztr\u00e1tor \u00e1ltali beavatkoz\u00e1s elleni v\u00e9delm\u00e9re. Az aj\u00e1nlott m\u00f3dszer lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, aki hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9ssel rendelkezik a hypervisorhoz, hogy t\u00e1voli k\u00f3dot futtasson \u00e9s privilegiz\u00e1lt jogosults\u00e1gokat szerezzen egy AMD SEV \u00e1ltal v\u00e9dett virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pben.        <\/p>\n<p>A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s egy (CVE-2023-20592) sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gen alapul, amely a processzor INVD utas\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n a gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1r hib\u00e1s kezel\u00e9s\u00e9b\u0151l ad\u00f3dik, amellyel az adatok elt\u00e9r\u00e9se a mem\u00f3ria \u00e9s a gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1r k\u00f6z\u00f6tt \u00e9rhet\u0151 el, megker\u00fclve a virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek mem\u00f3riaintegrit\u00e1s\u00e1nak fenntart\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 mechanizmusokat, amelyeket az SEV-ES \u00e9s SEV-SNP kiterjeszt\u00e9sek val\u00f3s\u00edtanak meg. A sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g az AMD EPYC processzorok els\u0151 \u00e9s harmadik gener\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t \u00e9rinti.       <\/p>\n<p>Az AMD EPYC harmadik gener\u00e1ci\u00f3s processzorai (Zen 3) eset\u00e9ben a probl\u00e9m\u00e1t a tegnap az AMD \u00e1ltal kiadott novemberi mikrok\u00f3d-friss\u00edt\u00e9s sz\u00fcntette meg (a jav\u00edt\u00e1s nem vezet teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nycs\u00f6kken\u00e9shez). Az AMD EPYC els\u0151 \u00e9s m\u00e1sodik gener\u00e1ci\u00f3s processzorai (Zen 1 \u00e9s Zen 2) eset\u00e9ben nem \u00e1ll rendelkez\u00e9sre v\u00e9delem, mivel ezekn\u00e9l a CPU-kn\u00e1l hi\u00e1nyzik az SEV-SNP kiterjeszt\u00e9s, amely biztos\u00edtja az integrit\u00e1s ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pekhez\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2102\">virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pekhez<\/a>Az AMD EPYC \u201eGenoa\u201d processzorok negyedik gener\u00e1ci\u00f3ja a \u201eZen 4\u201d mikroarchitekt\u00far\u00e1ra \u00e9p\u00fcl, \u00e9s nem szenved sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gekt\u0151l.          <\/p>\n<p>Az AMD SEV technol\u00f3gi\u00e1t a virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek elszigetel\u00e9s\u00e9re alkalmazz\u00e1k olyan felh\u0151szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k, mint az Amazon Web Services (AWS), a Google Cloud, a Microsoft Azure \u00e9s az Oracle Compute Infrastructure (OCI). Az AMD SEV v\u00e9delme a virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1nak hardveres szint\u0171 titkos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1n alapul. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1, az SEV-ES (Encrypted State) kiterjeszt\u00e9s seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel a CPU regiszterek v\u00e9delm\u00e9t is v\u00e9gzik. A k\u00f3dolt adatokhoz csak az aktu\u00e1lis vend\u00e9g rendszer f\u00e9r hozz\u00e1, m\u00edg a t\u00f6bbi <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4223\">virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek<\/a> \u00e9s a hypervisor titkos\u00edtott adathalmazon kereszt\u00fcl pr\u00f3b\u00e1l hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rni ehhez a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1hoz.       <\/p>\n<p>Az AMD EPYC processzorok harmadik gener\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1ban bevezet\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt egy \u00faj SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging) kiterjeszt\u00e9s, amely biztos\u00edtja a biztons\u00e1gos m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9st a be\u00e1gyazott mem\u00f3riaoldal-t\u00e1bl\u00e1kkal. A mem\u00f3ria teljes titkos\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s a regiszterek elszigetel\u00e9se mellett a SEV-SNP tov\u00e1bbi eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket is tartalmaz a mem\u00f3ria integrit\u00e1s\u00e1nak v\u00e9delm\u00e9re, megakad\u00e1lyozva, hogy a hypervisor m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sokat hajtson v\u00e9gre a VM-en. A titkos\u00edt\u00f3 kulcsok kezel\u00e9se a chipekbe be\u00e9p\u00edtett dedik\u00e1lt processzor, a PSP (Platform Security Processor) \u00e1ltal t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, amely ARM architekt\u00far\u00e1ra \u00e9p\u00fcl.     <\/p>\n<p>A javasolt t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszer l\u00e9nyege az INVD utas\u00edt\u00e1s haszn\u00e1lata a piszkozat (dirty) lapok gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1r\u00e1nak vonalainak \u00e9rv\u00e9nytelen\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy az ott felhalmozott adatokat a mem\u00f3ria (write-back) vissza\u00edrn\u00e1. \u00cdgy a m\u00f3dszer lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a m\u00f3dos\u00edtott adatok gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1rb\u00f3l val\u00f3 kiszor\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy a mem\u00f3ria \u00e1llapot\u00e1t megv\u00e1ltoztatn\u00e1. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s sor\u00e1n javasolt programozott kiv\u00e9telek (fault injection) alkalmaz\u00e1sa a virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9p m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek megszak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra k\u00e9t helyen: az els\u0151 helyen a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 az \u201ewbnoinvd\u201d utas\u00edt\u00e1st h\u00edvja meg, hogy vissza\u00edrja az \u00f6sszes gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1rban felhalmozott \u00edr\u00e1si m\u0171veletet a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba, m\u00edg a m\u00e1sodik helyen az \u201einvd\u201d utas\u00edt\u00e1st haszn\u00e1lja, hogy a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba nem visszavert \u00edr\u00e1si m\u0171veleteket r\u00e9gi \u00e1llapotukba \u00e1ll\u00edtsa.      <\/p>\n<p>A rendszerek sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9nek ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re k\u00f6zz\u00e9tett\u00e9k a protot\u00edpus expl\u00f3iter, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy kiv\u00e1lts\u00e1k a kiv\u00e9teleket egy AMD SEV-vel v\u00e9dett virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pben, \u00e9s vissza\u00e1ll\u00edts\u00e1k a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba nem \u00edrt m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sokat az VM-ben. A m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sok vissza\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a program v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1nak menet\u00e9re t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 befoly\u00e1sol\u00e1s\u00e1ra az\u00e1ltal, hogy visszat\u00e9r\u00fcnk a r\u00e9gi visszat\u00e9r\u00e9si c\u00edmhez a veremben, vagy a param\u00e9terek \u00fajabb bel\u00e9p\u00e9s\u00e9re is felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a r\u00e9gi munkamenethez, amelyhez m\u00e1r elv\u00e9gezt\u00e9k az azonos\u00edt\u00e1st, az azonos\u00edt\u00f3 \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9nek visszaad\u00e1s\u00e1val.      <\/p>\n<p>P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a kutat\u00f3k bemutatt\u00e1k a CacheWarp m\u00f3dszer alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t a Bellcore t\u00e1mad\u00e1s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1ra az RSA-CRT algoritmus ipp-crypto k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rbeli megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1n, ami lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette a z\u00e1rkulcs helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t a digit\u00e1lis al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1s sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n fell\u00e9p\u0151 hib\u00e1k behelyettes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9vel. Arra is p\u00e9ld\u00e1t mutattak, hogyan lehet megv\u00e1ltoztatni az OpenSSH-hoz t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 t\u00e1voli kapcsol\u00f3d\u00e1s sor\u00e1n a munkamenet-ellen\u0151rz\u00e9si param\u00e9tereket, majd megv\u00e1ltoztatni az ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s \u00e1llapot\u00e1t a sudo seg\u00e9dprogram futtat\u00e1sakor root jogok megszerz\u00e9s\u00e9hez az Ubuntu 20.04 alatt. Az exploit m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t AMD EPYC 7252, 7313P \u00e9s 7443 processzorokkal rendelkez\u00f3 rendszereken ellen\u0151rizt\u00e9k.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60118\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CISPA) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 CacheWarp, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CISPA) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 CacheWarp, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/uyazvimost-v-cpu-amd-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-zashhity-sev-secure-encrypted-virtualization\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 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