{"id":112481,"date":"2023-12-24T21:10:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:10:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:10:18","slug":"v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/v-fedora-namereny-obedinit-soderzhimoe-katalogov-usr-bin-i-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"A Fedora c\u00e9lja az \/usr\/bin \u00e9s \/usr\/sbin mapp\u00e1k tartalm\u00e1nak egyes\u00edt\u00e9se","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A Fedora 40 kiad\u00e1s\u00e1ban javasolj\u00e1k a \/usr\/bin \u00e9s \/usr\/sbin k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rak tartalm\u00e1nak egyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t azzal, hogy a \/usr\/sbin k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rat egy szimbolikus linkkel helyettes\u00edtik, amely a \/usr\/bin-ra mutat. A \/bin \u00e9s \/sbin szimbolikus linkk\u00e9 alak\u00edt\u00e1sa a \/usr\/bin \u00e9s \/usr\/sbin fel\u00e9 2012-ben, a Fedora 17 verzi\u00f3ban t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt. Miut\u00e1n minden v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlt egy helyen \u00f6sszpontos\u00edtottak, a \/usr\/sbin k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r eml\u00edt\u00e9se elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sra ker\u00fcl a PATH k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3b\u00f3l. A javaslat jelenleg m\u00e9g t\u00e1rgyal\u00e1si f\u00e1zisban van, \u00e9s a Fedora Engineering Steering Committee (FESCo), amely a Fedora disztrib\u00faci\u00f3 technikai fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt felel\u0151s, m\u00e9g nem vizsg\u00e1lta meg. <\/p>\n

Megjegyzik, hogy a v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlok k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rakba val\u00f3 sz\u00e9tv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa, mint a bin \u00e9s sbin, elavult gyakorlat, amelynek m\u00e1r nincs \u00e9rtelme a modern disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k eset\u00e9ben. Eredetileg az volt a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k, hogy az sbin k\u00e9zi ind\u00edt\u00e1sra alkalmas legfontosabb v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlokat tartalmazza, statikusan \u00f6sszefogott form\u00e1ban, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul amikor a f\u00e1jlrendszer egy r\u00e9sze megs\u00e9r\u00fcl, vagy a \/usr part\u00edci\u00f3 nem el\u00e9rhet\u0151. A Fedora m\u00e1r r\u00e9g\u00f3ta nem statikusan egyes\u00edti az sbin tartalm\u00e1t, a tartalom val\u00f3j\u00e1ban a \/usr part\u00edci\u00f3ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, nem pedig a gy\u00f6k\u00e9r part\u00edci\u00f3ban. <\/p>\n

A sbin \u00e9s bin sz\u00e9tv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1t a programok adminisztr\u00e1torok \u00e9s norm\u00e1l felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k k\u00f6zti elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re is alkalmazt\u00e1k, de a programok sbin-be vagy bin-be val\u00f3 elhelyez\u00e9s\u00e9nek krit\u00e9riumai meglehet\u0151sen hom\u00e1lyosak, \u00e9s \u00e9vek \u00f3ta a legt\u00f6bb disztrib\u00faci\u00f3 PATH k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3ja minden felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra tartalmazza mind a \/usr\/bin-t, mind a \/usr\/sbin-t (a systemd alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint mindk\u00e9t k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rat hozz\u00e1adja a PATH-hoz minden felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e9s szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s eset\u00e9ben). \u00cdgy a gyakorlatban a bin \u00e9s sbin k\u00f6z\u00f6tti megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztet\u00e9s m\u00e1r r\u00e9g\u00f3ta nem alkalmazott, \u00e9s csak megnehez\u00edti az abszol\u00fat el\u00e9r\u00e9si \u00fat haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t a v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlokhoz, f\u0151k\u00e9nt olyan k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, amikor a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k elt\u00e9r\u0151en osztj\u00e1k el a v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlokat a bin \u00e9s sbin k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rak k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. <\/p>\n

A bin \u00e9s sbin unifik\u00e1l\u00e1sa megk\u00f6nny\u00edti a csomagokat karbantart\u00f3 szakemberek munk\u00e1j\u00e1t, hiszen nem kell tal\u00e1lgatniuk, hogy melyik mapp\u00e1ba helyezz\u00e9k az v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlokat; a rendszert kisz\u00e1m\u00edthat\u00f3bb\u00e1 \u00e9s \u00e9rthet\u0151bb\u00e9 teszi a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra; n\u00f6veli a kompatibilit\u00e1st m\u00e1s disztrib\u00faci\u00f3kkal (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Fedora-ban az ip eszk\u00f6z a sbin mapp\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, m\u00edg a Debian-ban a bin mapp\u00e1ban, az unifik\u00e1l\u00e1s ut\u00e1n a Debian-ra jellemz\u0151 \u00fatvonal a Fedora alatt is m\u0171k\u00f6dni fog); a disztrib\u00faci\u00f3t kompatibilisebb\u00e9 teszi az Arch Linux-al, amely 2013-ban v\u00e9gezte el a sbin \u00e9s bin \u00f6sszevon\u00e1s\u00e1t; cs\u00f6kkenti a catalogusok ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9nek sz\u00e1m\u00e1t az execvp() \u00e9s hasonl\u00f3 h\u00edv\u00e1sok v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sakor (csak egy mapp\u00e1t kell \u00e1tvizsg\u00e1lni, nem kett\u0151t); megk\u00f6nny\u00edti a napl\u00f3k keres\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s az strace-hez hasonl\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k kimenet\u00e9nek elemz\u00e9s\u00e9t.
\n
Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 Fedora 40 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \/usr\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/sbin, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \/usr\/sbin \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \/usr\/bin. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \/bin \u0438 \/sbin \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \/usr\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/sbin \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 2012 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 Fedora 17. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \/usr\/sbin \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47A Fedora sz\u00e1nd\u00e9k\u00e1ban \u00e1ll egyes\u00edteni a \/usr\/bin \u00e9s \/usr\/sbin mapp\u00e1k tartalm\u00e1t | ProHoster","description":"A Fedora 40 kiad\u00e1s\u00e1ban javasolj\u00e1k a \/usr\/bin \u00e9s \/usr\/sbin mapp\u00e1k tartalm\u00e1nak egyes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t, a \/usr\/sbin mapp\u00e1t egy szimbolikus hivatkoz\u00e1sra cser\u00e9lve, amely a \/usr\/bin-ra 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