{"id":114784,"date":"2024-04-04T12:25:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T10:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-instrumentariev-dlya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-6-0-incus-6-0-i-lxd-5-21-1"},"modified":"2024-04-04T12:25:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T10:25:42","slug":"vypusk-instrumentariev-dlya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-6-0-incus-6-0-i-lxd-5-21-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vypusk-instrumentariev-dlya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-6-0-incus-6-0-i-lxd-5-21-1","title":{"rendered":"Megjelent a LXC 6.0, az Incus 6.0 \u00e9s a LXD 5.21.1 kont\u00e9nerkezel\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k \u00faj verzi\u00f3ja.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A Linux Containers k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9ge k\u00f6zz\u00e9tette az LXC 6.0 izol\u00e1lt kont\u00e9nerek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 eszk\u00f6zk\u00e9szlet kiad\u00e1s\u00e1t, amely egy olyan futtat\u00f3k\u00f6rnyezetet biztos\u00edt, amely alkalmas teljes rendszeri k\u00f6rnyezettel rendelkez\u0151 kont\u00e9nerek futtat\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amelyek a virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pekhez hasonl\u00edtanak, valamint nem privilegiz\u00e1lt k\u00fcl\u00f6n alkalmaz\u00e1skont\u00e9nerek (OCI) v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Az LXC alacsony szint\u0171 eszk\u00f6zk\u00e9szletekhez tartozik, amelyek egyedi kont\u00e9nerek szintj\u00e9n m\u0171k\u00f6dnek. Az LXC alapjain a k\u00f6zpontos\u00edtott kont\u00e9nerkezel\u0151 rendszerek, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az Incus \u00e9s az LXD fejleszt\u00e9s alatt \u00e1llnak, amelyek t\u00f6bb szerverb\u0151l \u00e1ll\u00f3 klaszterben telep\u00edtett kont\u00e9nereket kezelnek. Az LXC 6.0 \u00e1ga hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00fa kiad\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik, amelyeken a friss\u00edt\u00e9sek 5 \u00e9ven kereszt\u00fcl k\u00e9sz\u00fclnek (2029-ig). Az LXC k\u00f3dja C nyelven \u00edr\u00f3dott, \u00e9s GPLv2 licenc alatt terjesztik.    <\/p>\n<p>Az LXC tartalmazza a liblxc k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rat, a haszn\u00e1lt eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k k\u00e9szlet\u00e9t (lxc-create, lxc-start, lxc-stop, lxc-ls stb.), a tart\u00e1lyok meg\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges sablonokat, valamint k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 programoz\u00e1si nyelvekhez k\u00e9sz\u00fclt bindigeket. Az izol\u00e1ci\u00f3 a Linux kernel be\u00e9p\u00edtett mechanizmusaival val\u00f3sul meg. A folyamatok, a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati verem, az ipc, az uts, a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i azonos\u00edt\u00f3k \u00e9s a csatol\u00e1si pontok izol\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1ra a n\u00e9vt\u00e9r mechanizmus (namespaces) haszn\u00e1latos. Az er\u0151forr\u00e1sok korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sa cgroups seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik. A privilegiz\u00e1l\u00e1s cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s korl\u00e1toz\u00e1s\u00e1ra az Apparmor \u00e9s SELinux profilok, Seccomp ir\u00e1nyelvek, Chroot (pivot_root) \u00e9s k\u00e9pess\u00e9gek alkalmaz\u00e1sa van lehet\u0151s\u00e9g.       <\/p>\n<p>F\u0151bb v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151s\u00e9get biztos\u00edtottak egy univerz\u00e1lis v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jl lxc l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amely egyes\u00edti az \u00f6sszes parancsot, amelyet kor\u00e1bban k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kk\u00e9nt terjesztettek, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az 'lxc-*'. A k\u00f6zponti v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jl l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz javasolt a 'tools-multicall=true' opci\u00f3, amelynek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val az \u00f6sszes r\u00e9gi k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z szimbolikus hivatkoz\u00e1sk\u00e9nt j\u00f6n l\u00e9tre az lxc eszk\u00f6zre. Az egyetlen v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jl form\u00e1j\u00e1ban t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkentheti az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k \u00e1ltal elfoglalt lemezter\u00fcletet, ami fontos a be\u00e1gyazott rendszerek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.\n<li class=\"l\"> A liblxc k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rhoz hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott a set_timeout funkci\u00f3, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a LXC monitorral v\u00e9gzett m\u0171veletek id\u0151korl\u00e1tj\u00e1nak be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az lxcbr0 nev\u0171 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati h\u00edd interf\u00e9sze alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint akt\u00edv. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IPv6 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"382\">IPv6 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s<\/a>  az IPv6 ULA (Unique Local Address) alh\u00e1l\u00f3zat c\u00edmeinek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az lxc-usernsexec eszk\u00f6zh\u00f6z \u00faj '-u' \u00e9s '-g' opci\u00f3k ker\u00fcltek bevezet\u00e9sre a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i \u00e9s csoportazonos\u00edt\u00f3k (UID \u00e9s GID) megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1ra.\n<li class=\"l\"> A lxc-checkconfig eszk\u00f6zben a verzi\u00f3 megjelen\u00edt\u00e9se csak az lxc-start parancs jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9ben biztos\u00edtott, \u00e9s hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott a t\u00e1j\u00e9koztat\u00e1s a n\u00e9vterek maxim\u00e1lisan megengedett sz\u00e1m\u00e1r\u00f3l is.\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u00e1mogat\u00e1s ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre az OCI form\u00e1tum\u00fa kont\u00e9nerk\u00e9pekhez, amelyekben az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3 t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edt\u00e9se a Squashfs f\u00e1jlrendszert haszn\u00e1lja.\n<li class=\"l\"> A systemd-vel val\u00f3 D-Bus kapcsolat \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben k\u00fcl\u00f6n libdbus-1 k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rat alkalmaznak a libsystemd helyett.\n<li class=\"l\"> Megsz\u0171nt az Upstart inicializ\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa.    <\/ul>\n<p>Egyidej\u0171leg megjelent az Incus projekt verzi\u00f3ja, amelynek keret\u00e9ben a Linux Containers k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9ge egy LXD kont\u00e9nerkezel\u0151 rendszer forkj\u00e1t fejleszti, amelyet az egykori LXD fejleszt\u0151csapat alkotott. Az Incus k\u00f3dj\u00e1t Go nyelven \u00edrt\u00e1k, \u00e9s Apache 2.0 licenc alatt terjesztik. Az Incus 6.0 az els\u0151 stabil \u00e1gnak van pozicion\u00e1lva, amelyhez hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa friss\u00edt\u00e9si ciklus biztos\u00edtanak (LTS). Az Incus 6.0 f\u0151bb v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sai k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9szek API bridge.external_interfaces \u00e1ltali l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge, a JWT (JSON Web Token) hiteles\u00edt\u00e9s t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1nak jav\u00edt\u00e1sa, USB t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s, valamint a r\u00e9szletes rendszerinform\u00e1ci\u00f3k, mint az 'incus info --resources' parancs kimenete, valamint az LXD 5.21 kiad\u00e1s t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa az lxd-to-incus eszk\u00f6zben.      <\/p>\n<p>Az Incus \u00e9s az LXD eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket biztos\u00edt a kont\u00e9nerek \u00e9s virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek k\u00f6zpontos\u00edtott kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re, amelyek egyetlen hoston vagy t\u00f6bb klaszterben ker\u00fcltek telep\u00edt\u00e9sre. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/server\/\"   title=\"szerverek\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1492\">szerverek<\/a>. A projekt egy h\u00e1tt\u00e9rfolyamat keret\u00e9ben val\u00f3sul meg, amely h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00e9r\u00e9seket fogad REST API-n kereszt\u00fcl, \u00e9s t\u00e1mogatja a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00e1rol\u00e1si h\u00e1tt\u00e9rmegold\u00e1sokat (mappafa, ZFS, Btrfs, LVM), \u00e1llapot snapshots-ot, m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 kont\u00e9nerek \u00e9l\u0151 migr\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t egyik g\u00e9pr\u0151l a m\u00e1sikra, valamint a kont\u00e9nerk\u00e9pek t\u00e1rol\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket. A kont\u00e9nerek futtat\u00e1s\u00e1hoz az LXC eszk\u00f6zk\u00e9szlet\u00e9t haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Az elszigetel\u00e9s a Linux kernel be\u00e9p\u00edtett mechanizmusain kereszt\u00fcl val\u00f3sul meg (n\u00e9vt\u00e9r, cgroups, Apparmor, SELinux, Seccomp).     <\/p>\n<p>A Linux Containers k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9ge fel\u00fcgyelte az LXD fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t, miel\u0151tt a Canonical c\u00e9g \u00fagy d\u00f6nt\u00f6tt, hogy az LXD-t v\u00e1llalati projektt\u00e9 alak\u00edtja. A fork c\u00e9lja egy, a Canonical \u00e1ltal ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott LXD projekt alternat\u00edv\u00e1jak\u00e9nt m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151, f\u00fcggetlen k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g \u00e1ltal kezelt megold\u00e1s biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa. Az Incus l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa lehet\u0151s\u00e9get biztos\u00edtott arra is, hogy megsz\u00fcntess\u00e9k az LXD fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9n\u00e9l elk\u00f6vetett n\u00e9h\u00e1ny koncepcion\u00e1lis hib\u00e1t, amelyeket kor\u00e1bban nem lehetett jav\u00edtani a visszafel\u00e9 kompatibilit\u00e1s megs\u00e9rt\u00e9se n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.             <\/p>\n<p>A Canonical publik\u00e1lta az LXD 5.21.1 kont\u00e9nerkezel\u0151 rendszer \u00faj verzi\u00f3j\u00e1t. Az LXD 5.21 \u00e1gat LTS-k\u00e9nt jel\u00f6lik, \u00e9s 2029 j\u00fanius\u00e1ig t\u00e1mogatott lesz. Az LXD-hez a Canonical dolgoz\u00f3i \u00e1ltal hozz\u00e1adott k\u00f3d az AGPLv3 licensz alatt \u00e9rkezik, de a harmadik felek \u00e1ltal beny\u00fajtott k\u00f3d, amelyhez a Canonical nem rendelkezik vagyoni jogokkal, Apache 2.0 alatt marad. Az LXD 5.21.1 funkcion\u00e1lis v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sai k\u00f6z\u00f6tt eml\u00edt\u00e9st \u00e9rdemel, hogy a snap csomag LXD-ja az LXC 6.0 \u00e9s LXCFS 6.0 \u00e1gakra lett \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00edtva. Az API-hoz hozz\u00e1adtak egy storage_volumes_all kiterjeszt\u00e9st, \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1 kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 \/1.0\/storage_volumes kezel\u0151t a t\u00e1rol\u00f3part\u00edci\u00f3k list\u00e1j\u00e1nak kiad\u00e1s\u00e1hoz. Hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k az instances_files_modify_permissions kiterjeszt\u00e9st az API-n kereszt\u00fcli megl\u00e9v\u0151 f\u00e1jlok hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si jogainak m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.        <\/p>\n<p>Megjelent az LXCFS 6.0 virtu\u00e1lis f\u00e1jlrendszere, amelyet a kont\u00e9nerekben a pseudo f\u00e1jlrendszer \/proc \u00e9s \/sys szimul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra, valamint a cgroupfs virtualiz\u00e1lt reprezent\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lnak olyan disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k eset\u00e9n, amelyek nem t\u00e1mogatj\u00e1k a cgroup n\u00e9vtereket. Az \u00faj verzi\u00f3ba beker\u00fclt a '--enable-cgroup' opci\u00f3, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a be\u00e9p\u00edtett funkci\u00f3 aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak kezel\u00e9s\u00e9t a kont\u00e9nerekhez tartoz\u00f3 virtu\u00e1lis cgroupfs fa l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a cgroupv1 haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val (jelenleg a legt\u00f6bb disztrib\u00faci\u00f3 t\u00e1mogatja a kernel \u00e1ltal ny\u00fajtott n\u00e9vt\u00e9r mez\u0151ket, \u00edgy a be\u00e9p\u00edtett alternat\u00edva alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerinti bekapcsol\u00e1sa m\u00e1r nem \u00e9rtelmezhet\u0151, \u00e9s mostant\u00f3l opcion\u00e1lis). Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1, az LXCFS 6.0-ban megsz\u00fcntett\u00e9k a CPU sz\u0171r\u00e9s\u00e9t a \/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu f\u00e1jl l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n, az online\/offline \u00e1llapot\u00e1nak f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60922\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e Linux Containers \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 LXC 6.0, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 runtime, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (OCI). LXC \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0437 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