{"id":117814,"date":"2024-07-18T15:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T13:43:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/ataka-port-shadow-pozvolyayushhaya-perenapravlyat-soedineniya-drugih-polzovatelej-vpn-i-wi-fi"},"modified":"2024-07-18T15:43:01","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T13:43:04","slug":"ataka-port-shadow-pozvolyayushhaya-perenapravlyat-soedineniya-drugih-polzovatelej-vpn-i-wi-fi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/ataka-port-shadow-pozvolyayushhaya-perenapravlyat-soedineniya-drugih-polzovatelej-vpn-i-wi-fi","title":{"rendered":"Port Shadow t\u00e1mad\u00e1s, ami lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi m\u00e1s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k VPN \u00e9s Wi-Fi kapcsolataik \u00e1tir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kanadai \u00e9s amerikai egyetemek kutat\u00f3csoportja kifejlesztette a Port Shadow t\u00e1mad\u00e1si technik\u00e1t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a VPN-szerver oldal\u00e1n l\u00e9v\u0151 c\u00edmford\u00edt\u00f3 t\u00e1bl\u00e1k manipul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val a v\u00e1laszokat egy m\u00e1sik felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3nak k\u00fcldj\u00e9k, aki szint\u00e9n ugyanahhoz a VPN-szerverhez csatlakozik. A m\u00f3dszer haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 titkos\u00edtott forgalom elfog\u00e1s\u00e1ra vagy \u00e1tir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, portszkennel\u00e9sre \u00e9s VPN-felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k deanonimiz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra. P\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt bemutatjuk, hogyan lehet a m\u00f3dszert arra haszn\u00e1lni, hogy a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 DNS-k\u00e9r\u00e9seit a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 hosztj\u00e1ra ir\u00e1ny\u00edtsuk, aki VPN-szerveren kereszt\u00fcl csatlakozik. <\/p>\n

A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a t\u00e1mad\u00f3nak csatlakoznia kell egy VPN<\/a>-szerverhez, ahol az \u00e1ldozattal is \u00f6ssze lehet kapcsol\u00f3dni, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a tipikus VPN szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k \u00e9s nyilv\u00e1nos VPN szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val, amelyek b\u00e1rki sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra el\u00e9rhet\u0151ek. A sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g a NAT-ot haszn\u00e1l\u00f3 VPN-szervereket \u00e9rinti, amelyek a kliensforgalom k\u00fcls\u0151 er\u0151forr\u00e1sokhoz val\u00f3 eljuttat\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1lnak, mik\u00f6zben a forgalom fogad\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s a k\u00fcls\u0151 webhelyekhez val\u00f3 k\u00e9r\u00e9sek k\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9re ugyanazt az IP-c\u00edmet kell haszn\u00e1lni. szerveren<\/a> A t\u00e1mad\u00f3 ezen IP-c\u00edm seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel b\u00e1rmely k\u00e9r\u00e9sra v\u00e1laszolhat. <\/p>\n

A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s azon alapul, hogy a t\u00e1mad\u00f3, aki ugyanahhoz a VPN-szerverhez csatlakozik \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00f6s NAT-ot haszn\u00e1l, speci\u00e1lisan form\u00e1zott k\u00e9r\u00e9seket k\u00fcldhet, melyek torz\u00edtj\u00e1k a c\u00edmford\u00edt\u00f3 t\u00e1bl\u00e1k tartalm\u00e1t. Ez oda vezethet, hogy a c\u00edmzett felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3nak sz\u00e1nt csomagok egy m\u00e1sik felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3nak ker\u00fclnek \u00e1tir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1sra. A c\u00edmford\u00edt\u00f3 t\u00e1bl\u00e1kban a k\u00fcld\u00f6tt k\u00e9r\u00e9shez rendelt bels\u0151 IP-c\u00edm az elk\u00fcld\u00f6tt k\u00e9r\u00e9s id\u0151z\u00edt\u00e9si portsz\u00e1m\u00e1nak alapj\u00e1n ker\u00fcl meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sra. A t\u00e1mad\u00f3, a megfelel\u0151 SYN \u00e9s ACK csomagok k\u00fcld\u00e9se mellett, illetve a kliens \u00e9s a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 \u00e1ltal ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott k\u00fcls\u0151 szerver k\u00f6z\u00f6tti manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3k r\u00e9v\u00e9n, \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9st okozhat a NAT t\u00e1bl\u00e1ban, \u00e9s bejegyz\u00e9st adhat hozz\u00e1 ugyanazzal a forr\u00e1sport sz\u00e1mmal, de a saj\u00e1t helyi c\u00edm\u00e9vel t\u00e1rs\u00edtva, amely azt eredm\u00e9nyezi, hogy a m\u00e1s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e1ltal tett k\u00e9rd\u00e9sre \u00e9rkezett v\u00e1laszokat a t\u00e1mad\u00f3nak k\u00fcldik.

\"Port<\/center> <\/p>\n

A kutat\u00e1s sor\u00e1n Linux \u00e9s FreeBSD rendszereket teszteltek egy\u00fctt az OpenVPN, OpenConnect \u00e9s WireGuard VPN-ekkel. A FreeBSD platform nem volt kit\u00e9ve a m\u00e1s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k \u00e1ltal a ugyanazon VPN-hez csatlakozva v\u00e9grehajtott k\u00e9r\u00e9sir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1si t\u00e1mad\u00e1soknak. A NAT t\u00e1bl\u00e1kba val\u00f3 beilleszt\u00e9st csak az ATIP (Adjacent-to-In-Path) t\u00e1mad\u00e1s sor\u00e1n siker\u00fclt v\u00e9grehajtani, amelyben a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 be tudja csatlakoztatni mag\u00e1t a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e9s a VPN szerver k\u00f6z\u00f6tti forgalomba (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul amikor a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 egy a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 \u00e1ltal ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott Wi-Fi h\u00e1l\u00f3zathoz csatlakozik) vagy a VPN szerver \u00e9s a c\u00e9lzott weboldal k\u00f6z\u00e9. Ebben az esetben a FreeBSD NAT-j\u00e1t is \u00e9rintette a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 egy adott weboldalhoz val\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak meg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t (Connection Inference). <\/p>\n

A Linux eset\u00e9ben a Netfilter alrendszer\u00e9t \u00e9rintett\u00e9k a NAT t\u00e1bl\u00e1ba val\u00f3 bejegyz\u00e9sek manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a bej\u00f6v\u0151 csomagok m\u00e1s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3hoz val\u00f3 ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, a csomagok k\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9t a titkos\u00edtatlan VPN-alag\u00faton (Decapsulation) kereszt\u00fcl, vagy az \u00fcgyf\u00e9loldali nyitott h\u00e1l\u00f3zati portok meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1t.

\"Port<\/center> <\/p>\n

A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s megakad\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra a VPN-szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3knak aj\u00e1nlott megfelel\u0151 m\u00f3dszereket alkalmazni a forr\u00e1sportok sz\u00e1m\u00e1nak v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re a NAT-ben, korl\u00e1tozni az egy felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3b\u00f3l a VPN-szerverhez csatlakoz\u00f3 egyidej\u0171 kapcsolatokat, valamint blokkolni az \u00fcgyf\u00e9l \u00e1ltal a VPN-szerver oldal\u00e1n a k\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9ket fogad\u00f3 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati port v\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1t. <\/p>\n

A Proton AG k\u00e9pvisel\u0151je szerint a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s nem \u00e9rinti azokat a VPN-szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokat, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6n IP-c\u00edmeket haszn\u00e1lnak a bej\u00f6v\u0151 \u00e9s kimen\u0151 k\u00e9rd\u00e9sekhez. Emellett k\u00e9ts\u00e9gek mer\u00fclnek fel a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s val\u00f3s VPN-szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokra val\u00f3 alkalmazhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1r\u00f3l, mivel eddig sikeres t\u00e1mad\u00e1st csak laborat\u00f3riumi tesztek sor\u00e1n demonstr\u00e1ltak, \u00e9s a v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz bizonyos felt\u00e9telek teljes\u00fcl\u00e9se sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges a VPN-szerveren \u00e9s a t\u00e1madott \u00fcgyf\u00e9len. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s csak a titkos\u00edtatlan k\u00e9r\u00e9sek manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1ra lehet hasznos, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a DNS-hez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s, m\u00edg a TLS \u00e9s HTTPS alkalmaz\u00e1sszint\u0171 haszn\u00e1lata haszontalanul teszi a forgalom ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t. <\/p>\n

A c\u00edmford\u00edt\u00f3 t\u00e1bl\u00e1k manipul\u00e1l\u00e1sa nemcsak VPN-re, hanem vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli h\u00e1l\u00f3zatokra is alkalmazhat\u00f3, ahol a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k k\u00fcls\u0151 er\u0151forr\u00e1sokhoz val\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak megszervez\u00e9s\u00e9re NAT-ot haszn\u00e1lnak a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si ponton. A m\u00falt h\u00f3napban publik\u00e1lt\u00e1k a vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton m\u00e1s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k TCP-kapcsolatainak elfog\u00e1s\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3 hasonl\u00f3 t\u00e1mad\u00e1s lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9nek vizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1nak eredm\u00e9nyeit. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszer 24-b\u0151l 33 tesztelt vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si pontra alkalmazhat\u00f3 volt.

\"Port<\/center> <\/p>\n

A Wi-Fi-ra vonatkoz\u00f3 javasolt t\u00e1mad\u00e1s l\u00e9nyegesen egyszer\u0171bbnek bizonyult, mint a VPN-re megjel\u00f6lt m\u00f3dszer, mivel az optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sok miatt sok hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si pont nem ellen\u0151rzi a TCP-csomagok sorozatsz\u00e1mainak helyess\u00e9g\u00e9t. Ennek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt a t\u00e1mad\u00e1shoz elegend\u0151 volt egy hamis RST-csomag k\u00fcld\u00e9se a c\u00edmt\u00e1bl\u00e1zat bejegyz\u00e9s\u00e9nek t\u00f6rl\u00e9s\u00e9re, majd a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 gazdag\u00e9p\u00e9re ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott v\u00e1lasz ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1sa a sorozatsz\u00e1mok (SEQ) \u00e9s az elismer\u00e9sek (ACK) meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, amelyek sz\u00fcks\u00e9gesek a TCP-kapcsolat elfog\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.

\"Port<\/center>
\"Port<\/center>
\n
Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 Port Shadow, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 VPN-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435 VPN-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 VPN. \u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 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