{"id":120593,"date":"2024-11-18T13:09:07","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T11:09:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima"},"modified":"2024-11-18T13:09:07","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T11:09:07","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima","title":{"rendered":"A Linux 6.12 kernel release with Realtime mode support","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>After two months of development, Linus Torvalds presented the release of the Linux 6.12 kernel. Among the most notable changes are the ability to enable Realtime mode, sched_ext for creating CPU schedulers via eBPF, QR code output in emergency situations, Device Memory TCP mechanism, SCHED_DEADLINE server resource reservation mechanism, improved EEVDF task scheduler, and the IPE module for defining integrity assurance policies.        <\/p>\n<p>Az \u00faj verzi\u00f3ba 14607 jav\u00edt\u00e1s ker\u00fclt, 2167 fejleszt\u0151t\u0151l, a jav\u00edt\u00f3csomag m\u00e9rete 37 MB (a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok 13087 f\u00e1jlt \u00e9rintettek, 507913 k\u00f3dsort adtak hozz\u00e1, 234083 sort t\u00e1vol\u00edtottak el). Az el\u0151z\u0151 kiad\u00e1sban 15130 jav\u00edt\u00e1s volt, 2078 fejleszt\u0151t\u0151l, a jav\u00edt\u00f3csomag m\u00e9rete 85 MB (a 6.10-es kern\u00e9l a jav\u00edt\u00f3csomag m\u00e9rete 41 MB volt). A 6.12-es v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sok k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 45%-a eszk\u00f6zmeghajt\u00f3kkal kapcsolatos, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 12% a hardverarchitekt\u00far\u00e1kra vonatkoz\u00f3 k\u00f3dk\u00e9p friss\u00edt\u00e9sekkel, 13% a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati veremhez, 6% a f\u00e1jlrendszerekhez \u00e9s 3% a kernel bels\u0151 alrendszereihez kapcsol\u00f3dik.      <\/p>\n<p>Key innovations in kernel 6.12:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Mem\u00f3ria \u00e9s rendszerszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> The kernel can now be compiled with the PREEMPT_RT option without additional patches for real-time operation. The last missing feature in the kernel preventing the activation of PREEMPT_RT was support for non-blocking atomic output via the printk function, which has now also been included in the kernel. PREEMPT_RT support is available for x86, x86_64, ARM64, and RISC-V architectures. Previously, the PREEMPT_RT implementation was provided as external patches, based on which some distributions, such as RHEL, SUSE, and Ubuntu, created separate Realtime editions of their products, which are in demand in areas such as financial systems, audio and video processing devices, aviation, medicine, robotics, telecommunications, and industrial systems where predictable event processing times are essential.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a &#171;sched_ext&#187; (SCX) mechanizmus, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az eBPF haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t CPU \u00fctemez\u0151k l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, amelyek gyakorlatilag minden feladatv\u00e9grehajt\u00e1si \u00fctemez\u00e9s \u00e9s CPU-er\u0151forr\u00e1sok eloszt\u00e1sa szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l terjednek. Az ilyen \u00fctemez\u0151k dinamikusan bet\u00f6lthet\u0151k \u00e9s a Linux kernel belsej\u00e9ben futtathat\u00f3k. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pben\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4348\">virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pben<\/a> Az eBPF. A sched_ext mechanizmus leegyszer\u0171s\u00edti a feladat-specifikus \u00fctemez\u0151k l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 technik\u00e1k \u00e9s \u00fctemez\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k kipr\u00f3b\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t, valamint gyors munkaprotot\u00edpusok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s az \u00fctemez\u0151k cser\u00e9j\u00e9t \u00e9l\u0151 munkainfrastrukt\u00far\u00e1kban. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a sched_ext seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel l\u00e9trehozhat\u00f3 egy \u00fctemez\u0151, amely figyelembe veszi egy adott alkalmaz\u00e1s saj\u00e1toss\u00e1gait, \u00e9s dinamikusan m\u00f3dos\u00edtja a v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s \u00fctemez\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1j\u00e1t a rendszer \u00e1llapota \u00e9s tov\u00e1bbi t\u00e9nyez\u0151k f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tartalmazza a SCHED_DEADLINE server m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges marad\u00e9k patch-eket, amelyek megoldj\u00e1k a CPU er\u0151forr\u00e1sokhoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s probl\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1t, amennyiben a magas priorit\u00e1s\u00fa (realtime) feladatok monopoliz\u00e1lj\u00e1k a CPU-t. A CPU monopoliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak elker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re a kernelben kor\u00e1bban Realtime throttling mechanizmust haszn\u00e1ltak, amely megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lta a 5%-ot fenntartani alacsonyabb priorit\u00e1s\u00fa feladatok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, \u00edgy 95%-ot hagyva a realtime feladatoknak. Ez a mechanizmus nem volt ide\u00e1lis, mivel a norm\u00e1l feladatok sok esetben nem kaptak elegend\u0151 CPU id\u0151t. A SCHED_DEADLINE server hat\u00e9konyabb er\u0151forr\u00e1s-eloszt\u00e1si mechanizmust val\u00f3s\u00edt meg.\n<li class=\"l\"> Befejez\u0151d\u00f6tt az EEVDF (Earliest Eligible Virtual Deadline First) \u00fctemez\u0151 integr\u00e1ci\u00f3ja, amely a CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) \u00fctemez\u0151 hely\u00e9be l\u00e9pett, amely a 2.6.23-as kernelt\u0151l kezd\u0151d\u0151en volt el\u00e9rhet\u0151. Az \u00faj \u00fctemez\u0151 a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sra v\u00e1rakoz\u00f3 folyamat kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sakor figyelembe veszi azokat a folyamatokat, amelyek nem kaptak elegend\u0151 CPU er\u0151forr\u00e1st, vagy amelyek ar\u00e1nytalanul sok CPU id\u0151t kaptak. Az els\u0151 esetben a vez\u00e9rl\u00e9s \u00e1tad\u00e1sa k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtett, m\u00edg a m\u00e1sodik esetben \u00e9ppen ellenkez\u0151leg, halasztott. Az \u00f6reg CFS \u00fctemez\u0151 a k\u00fcl\u00f6n figyelmet ig\u00e9nyl\u0151 folyamatok azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz heurisztik\u00e1kat \u00e9s finomhangol\u00e1sokat haszn\u00e1lt, m\u00edg az \u00faj \u00fctemez\u0151 vil\u00e1gosabban nyomon k\u00f6veti \u0151ket, \u00e9s nem ig\u00e9nyel finomhangol\u00e1st. A v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1sok szerint az EEVDF cs\u00f6kkenti a v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1si k\u00e9sedelmeket, amelyekkel a CFS \u00fctemez\u00e9s sor\u00e1n probl\u00e9m\u00e1k ad\u00f3dtak.\n<li class=\"l\"> A kernel v\u00e9szkezel\u0151j\u00e9be \u2014 DRM Panic, amely a DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) alrendszert haszn\u00e1lja a k\u00e9k hal\u00e1lst\u00edlus\u00fa jelent\u00e9s megjelen\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re, hozz\u00e1adva a lehet\u0151s\u00e9get, hogy a log\u00f3 \u00e9s a QR-k\u00f3d a kmsg jelent\u00e9ssel megjelenjen v\u00e9szhelyzet eset\u00e9n. Mivel a QR-k\u00f3dba csak 2953 b\u00e1jt f\u00e9r el, el\u00e9rhet\u0151 a DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_CODE_URL opci\u00f3, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a kmsg jelent\u00e9s zlib-bal t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edtve legyen, \u00e9s param\u00e9terk\u00e9nt csatlakozzon az URL-hez, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 7500 b\u00e1jt \u00e1tvitel\u00e9t QR-k\u00f3d V40-en. A kernelcsomagok \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sakor a disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k megadhatj\u00e1k az alap URL hivatkoz\u00e1st, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve, hogy \u00e1tir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1st biztos\u00edtsanak a hibajelent\u0151 oldalra. A QR-k\u00f3d form\u00e1tum\u00e1nak kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1ra a DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_VERSION be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9rhet\u0151 el.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bevezet\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt az ARM POE (Permission Overlay Extension) kiterjeszt\u00e9s t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a mem\u00f3ria ter\u00fcletekhez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si jogok be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t. E kiterjeszt\u00e9s seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel ARM64 processzorral rendelkez\u0151 rendszereken megval\u00f3s\u00edthat\u00f3 a Memory Protection Keys mechanizmus, amely a mem\u00f3riaoldalakhoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st korl\u00e1tozza an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy m\u00f3dos\u00edtan\u00e1 a mem\u00f3riaoldalak t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat\u00e1t.\n<li class=\"l\"> Loongarch, ARM64, PowerPC \u00e9s s390 architekt\u00far\u00e1kra \u00e1tkonvert\u00e1l\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt a getrandom() rendszerh\u00edv\u00e1s megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa, amely a vDSO (virtu\u00e1lis dinamikus megosztott objektum) mechanizmus seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel optimaliz\u00e1lva lett, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve a rendszerh\u00edv\u00e1s kezel\u0151 \u00e1tkonvert\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t a kernelb\u0151l a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rbe \u00e9s elker\u00fclve a kontextusv\u00e1lt\u00e1sokat. Az optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s ak\u00e1r 15-sz\u00f6r gyorsabb v\u00e9letlensz\u00e1mok beszerz\u00e9s\u00e9t teszi lehet\u0151v\u00e9.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az io_uring aszinkron bemeneti\/kimeneti alrendszerhez hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott az abszol\u00fat id\u0151z\u00edt\u0151k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge, amelyek egy adott id\u0151 el\u00e9r\u00e9sekor aktiv\u00e1l\u00f3dnak a rendszer \u00f3r\u00e1j\u00e1n (kor\u00e1bban csak relat\u00edv id\u0151z\u00edt\u0151k \u00e1ll\u00edthat\u00f3k be, amelyek az oper\u00e1ci\u00f3 kezdet\u00e9t\u0151l eltelt id\u0151t hat\u00e1rozt\u00e1k meg).\n<li class=\"l\"> F\u00e1jlok ker\u00fcltek hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sra a libcpupower k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rhoz tartoz\u00f3 k\u00f6t\u00e9s-gener\u00e1l\u00e1shoz a SWIG eszk\u00f6zk\u00e9szlet seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi C\/C++ k\u00f3d alapj\u00e1n k\u00f6t\u00e9s gener\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 programoz\u00e1si nyelvekhez. A k\u00f6t\u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi Python \u00e9s m\u00e1s nyelveken szkriptek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s azok haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t a libcpupower k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r funkcionalit\u00e1s\u00e1nak b\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez, amely API-t ny\u00fajt a cpufreq \u00e9s a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rb\u0151l val\u00f3 vez\u00e9rl\u00e9shez.\n<li class=\"l\"> A cpuidle seg\u00e9dprogramban megval\u00f3sult a &#171;residency&#187; \u00e1llapot\u00e9rt\u00e9k megjelen\u00edt\u00e9se, amely a val\u00f3s idej\u0171 rendszerekben alkalmazand\u00f3, figyelembe v\u00e9ve a minim\u00e1lis id\u0151t, amely alatt a processzornak inakt\u00edv \u00e1llapotban kell lennie, hogy igazolja az energiak\u00f6lts\u00e9geket ennek az \u00e1llapotnak a l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s abb\u00f3l val\u00f3 kil\u00e9p\u00e9s\u00e9re.\n<li class=\"l\"> The ability to use the Clang compiler to build the standard C library nolibc, included in the Linux kernel source code, has been added. Nolibc provides a wrapper over the basic system calls. When building nolibc in Clang, link-time optimization (LTO) is allowed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Certain cgroup1 interfaces have been deprecated, such as TCP accounting, the first version of soft limits, and management of exhausted free memory. Support for these functions is still fully maintained, and the warning has been issued to investigate the number of users who continue to utilize these features.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott a nyomk\u00f6vet\u0151 gy\u0171r\u0171puffer\u00e9nek be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a felhalmozott adatok meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00fajraind\u00edt\u00e1s ut\u00e1n, \u00edgy elker\u00fclhet\u0151 a hib\u00e1s m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s sor\u00e1n \u00f6sszegy\u0171jt\u00f6tt hibakeres\u00e9si inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k elveszt\u00e9se. Az adatok a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ban t\u00e1rol\u00f3dnak. A bekapcsol\u00e1s a kernel parancssori param\u00e9ter\u00e9n kereszt\u00fcl t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a 'trace_instance=boot_map@0x285400000:12M' be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s 12 MB mem\u00f3ri\u00e1t foglal le a 0x285400000 c\u00edmen a 'boot_map' puffer sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, amely a \/sys\/kernel\/tracing\/instances\/boot_map f\u00e1jlon kereszt\u00fcl \u00e9rhet\u0151 el.\n<li class=\"l\"> Folyamatosan t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sok \u00e1tvitele a Rust-for-Linux \u00e1gb\u00f3l, amelyek a Rust nyelv m\u00e1sodik nyelvk\u00e9nt val\u00f3 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra vonatkoznak a meghajt\u00f3k \u00e9s kernel modulok fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9ben (a Rust t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa alap\u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szerint nem akt\u00edv, \u00e9s nem teszi k\u00f6telez\u0151v\u00e9 a Rust-ot a kernel \u00f6sszeszerel\u00e9si f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9gei k\u00f6z\u00f6tt). Hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott a 'list' \u00e9s 'rbtree' modul a k\u00e9tir\u00e1ny\u00fa l\u00e1ncolt list\u00e1kkal \u00e9s v\u00f6r\u00f6s-fekete keres\u00e9si f\u00e1k kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re. Kiterjesztett\u00e9k a 'init', 'sync', 'types' \u00e9s 'error' modulok lehet\u0151s\u00e9geit. Lehet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt a Rust k\u00f3d haszn\u00e1lata a kernel \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sakor a Spectre t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok elleni v\u00e9delem mellett (opci\u00f3k MITIGATION_{RETHUNK, RETPOLINE, SLS}), a KASAN hibakeres\u0151 rendszer haszn\u00e1lata, a kCFI (kernel Control Flow Integrity) \u00e9s Shadow Call v\u00e9delmi mechanizmusok alkalmaz\u00e1sa, valamint a GCC kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151k haszn\u00e1lata. Hozz\u00e1adtak egy Rust nyelven \u00edrt Ethernet-vez\u00e9rl\u0151t az Applied Micro QT2025 PHY sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Elk\u00e9sz\u00fclt egy k\u00fcl\u00f6n weboldal a dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra \u2013 rust.docs.kernel.org.\n<li class=\"l\"> A kernel forr\u00e1sk\u00f3dj\u00e1ban hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k az xdrgen eszk\u00f6zt az XDR-specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3k (eXternal Data Representation) XDR k\u00f3dol\u00f3 \u00e9s dek\u00f3dol\u00f3 funkci\u00f3kk\u00e1 val\u00f3 \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amelyeket a Linux kernel\u00e9ben haszn\u00e1lt C-st\u00edlusban \u00edrtak.\n<li class=\"l\"> A kernelbe bevezet\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt a mutat\u00f3maszk\u00e1l\u00f3 mechanizmus, amely cs\u00f6kkenti a barrier_nospec() lass\u00fa h\u00edv\u00e1sainak sz\u00e1m\u00e1t a 64-bites copy_from_user() f\u00fcggv\u00e9nyben, amelyet az adatok kernelbe m\u00e1sol\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lnak felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rb\u0151l. A maszk alkalmaz\u00e1sa 2,6%-kal gyors\u00edtja meg a 'per_thread_ops' tesztet, amely az egy sz\u00e1lon v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 m\u0171veletek sz\u00e1m\u00e1t \u00e9rt\u00e9keli.\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adtak egy \u00faj USB-illeszt\u0151programot, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a 9pfs protokoll haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t az adatok USB-eszk\u00f6zh\u00f6z val\u00f3 tov\u00e1bb\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s fogad\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amikor a 9p f\u00e1jlrendszert USB f\u00f6l\u00e9 csatlakoztatj\u00e1k (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul 'mount -t 9p -o trans=usbg,aname=\/path\/to\/fs  \/mnt\/9'). Az \u00faj illeszt\u0151program alkalmaz\u00e1sak\u00e9nt eml\u00edtik, hogy az NFS helyett a gy\u00f6k\u00e9r part\u00edci\u00f3 bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k be\u00e1gyazott eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k fejleszt\u00e9sekor.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Lemezszubsziszt\u00e9ma, bemenet\/kipontoz\u00e1s \u00e9s f\u00e1jlrendszerek<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A VFS alrendszer\u00e9be hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k a nagyobb t\u00e1rol\u00f3eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t, ahol a blokk m\u00e9rete nagyobb, mint a rendszer mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 oldal m\u00e9rete. Ezt a lehet\u0151s\u00e9get jelenleg csak az XFS f\u00e1jlrendszerek t\u00e1mogatj\u00e1k.\n<li class=\"l\"> A FUSE alrendszerhez, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 f\u00e1jlrendszer-implement\u00e1ci\u00f3k l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t, hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i azonos\u00edt\u00f3k mapp\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t a csatolt f\u00e1jlrendszerekhez, amelyet egy adott felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 f\u00e1jljainak egy m\u00e1sik felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3val val\u00f3 \u00f6sszehangol\u00e1s\u00e1ra alkalmaznak a jelenlegi rendszerben.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00daj fcntl m\u0171velet, az F_CREATED_QUERY ker\u00fclt megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sra, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az alkalmaz\u00e1s sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy meghat\u00e1rozza, hogy egy f\u00e1jl, amelyet az O_CREAT flag-gel nyitottak meg, l\u00e9trej\u00f6tt-e, vagy m\u00e1r l\u00e9tezett kor\u00e1bban.\n<li class=\"l\"> A name_to_handle_at() rendszerh\u00edv\u00e1sba be\u00e9p\u00edtett\u00e9k az egyedi 64 bites csatol\u00e1si azonos\u00edt\u00f3k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t a versenyhelyzetek elker\u00fcl\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a \/proc\/mountinfo elemz\u00e9s\u00e9n\u00e9l.\n<li class=\"l\"> A &#171;file&#187; structure size in the kernel has been reduced from 232 to 184 bytes, which allows lowering memory consumption on systems that actively work with files.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tilos a f\u00e1jlrendszerek csatol\u00e1sa a \/proc hierarchi\u00e1j\u00e1n bel\u00fcli csatol\u00e1si pontokhoz, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a \/proc\/PID\/fd-re, ami potenci\u00e1lis biztons\u00e1gi probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat okozott.\n<li class=\"l\"> A NSFS (NameSpace FS) \u00e1lk\u00e9pzelt f\u00e1jlrendszerben, amely a n\u00e9vterek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l, tov\u00e1bbi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k ad\u00e1s\u00e1ra ker\u00fclt sor a csatol\u00e1si pontok n\u00e9vtereir\u0151l.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az EROFS (Extendable Read-Only File System) f\u00e1jlrendszerben, amelyet csak olvashat\u00f3 m\u00f3dba \u00e1ll\u00edtott part\u00edci\u00f3kon t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 alkalmaz\u00e1sra terveztek, megval\u00f3sult a f\u00e1jlrendszerek k\u00f6zvetlen mapp\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa lemezk\u00e9pb\u0151l, amely f\u00e1jlok form\u00e1j\u00e1ban van elmentve.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az XFS-hez \u00faj ioctl parancsokat adtak hozz\u00e1: XFS_IOC_START_COMMIT \u00e9s XFS_IOC_COMMIT_RANGE az adatok cser\u00e9j\u00e9re k\u00e9t f\u00e1jl k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for the &#171;LOCALIO&#187; protocol has been added to NFS, allowing to determine whether the client and <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/server\/\"   title=\"szerver\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">szerver<\/a> Az Btrfs f\u00e1jlrendszerben teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyoptimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sok aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sra ker\u00fcltek, a k\u00f3dot refaktor\u00e1lt\u00e1k, cs\u00f6kkentett\u00e9k a kiterjeszt\u00e9si blokkol\u00e1s ter\u00fclet\u00e9t olvas\u00e1si m\u0171veletek sor\u00e1n, \u00e9s folytatt\u00e1k a mem\u00f3riaoldal foli\u00e1nsok haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra val\u00f3 \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1st, valamint automatikus mem\u00f3riafelszabad\u00edt\u00e1st val\u00f3s\u00edtottak meg a btrfs_path strukt\u00far\u00e1hoz.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az Ext4 f\u00e1jlrendszerben jav\u00edtott\u00e1k a blokkok foglal\u00e1s\u00e1val, a kiterjeszt\u00e9sek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9vel, a \"fast commit\" mechanizmussal \u00e9s a napl\u00f3z\u00e1ssal kapcsolatos hib\u00e1kat.\n<li class=\"l\"> Errors related to block allocation, extent management, the &#171;fast commit&#187; mechanism, and journaling have been fixed in the Ext4 file system.                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s biztons\u00e1g<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva az IPE (Integrity Policy Enforcement) LSM-modul, amelyet a Microsoft fejlesztett, hogy kiterjessze a megl\u00e9v\u0151 k\u00f6telez\u0151 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s-ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1si rendszert. A modul lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a rendszer teljes integrit\u00e1si politik\u00e1j\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1t, amely megmutatja, hogy mely m\u0171veletek enged\u00e9lyezettek \u00e9s hogyan kell ellen\u0151rizni a komponensek hiteless\u00e9g\u00e9t. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az IPE seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel meg lehet hat\u00e1rozni, hogy mely v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 f\u00e1jlok ind\u00edthat\u00f3k el, figyelembe v\u00e9ve a kriptogr\u00e1fiai hash-ekel\u0151\u00edrt meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9st a dm-verity rendszer \u00e1ltal biztos\u00edtott referencia verzi\u00f3val.\n<li class=\"l\"> A kernel ford\u00edt\u00e1si szakasz\u00e1ban lehet\u0151s\u00e9g ny\u00edlt a CPU Spectre oszt\u00e1ly\u00fa sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9geib\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 v\u00e9dekez\u00e9si m\u00f3dszerek k\u00fcl\u00f6n-k\u00fcl\u00f6n aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A Kconfig \u00faj param\u00e9tereket aj\u00e1nl fel: MITIGATE_MDS (Microarchitectural Data Sampling sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g elleni v\u00e9delem), MITIGATE_TAA (TSX Asynchronous Abort sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g elleni v\u00e9delem), MITIGATE_MMIO_STALE_DATA (MMIO Stale Data sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g elleni v\u00e9delem), MITIGATE_L1TF (L1 Terminal Fault sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g elleni v\u00e9delem), MITIGATE_RETBLEED (Retbleed sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g elleni v\u00e9delem), MITIGATE_SPECTRE_V1, MITIGATE_SPECTRE_V2 (Spectre sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek elleni v\u00e9delem), MITIGATE_SRBDS (Special Register Buffer Data Sampling sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g elleni v\u00e9delem), MITIGATE_SSB (Speculative Store Bypass sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g elleni v\u00e9delem).\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva egy proc_mem.force_override parancssori param\u00e9ter \u00e9s a Kconfig-ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok (PROC_MEM_FORCE_ALWAYS, PROC_MEM_FORCE_PTRACE \u00e9s PROC_MEM_FORCE_NEVER), amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a mem\u00f3ria m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak tilalm\u00e1t a \/proc\/pid\/mem seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az LSM (Linux security module) alrendszer statikus h\u00edv\u00e1sokra v\u00e1ltott, ami n\u00f6velte a biztons\u00e1got \u00e9s jav\u00edtotta a teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Biztos\u00edtott\u00e1k a standard kernel haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t ARM64 architekt\u00far\u00e1val rendelkez\u0151 vend\u00e9g k\u00f6rnyezetekben, amelyek Android rendszereken futnak m\u00f3dos\u00edtott KVM hiperv\u00edzorral (v\u00e9dett KVM).\n<li class=\"l\"> In the Landlock LSM module, which allows limiting a group of processes' interaction with the external environment, the &#171;IPC scoping&#187; concept has been implemented for selective interaction limitations with sandbox environments using Unix sockets and signals. For instance, it is possible to prohibit connections using Unix sockets from a sandbox environment to processes without isolation, while allowing connections to processes within the same scope area.\n<li class=\"l\"> A KVM hiperv\u00edzorban a vend\u00e9g rendszerek CPUID-j\u00e1ban hozz\u00e1adva egy jelz\u00e9s, amely az AVX10.1 kiterjeszt\u00e9sek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t jelzi.            <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>H\u00e1l\u00f3zati alrendszer<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bevezet\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt a Device Memory TCP mechanizmus, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati socketek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t a perif\u00e9ria eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k mem\u00f3ria tartalm\u00e1nak k\u00f6zvetlen h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9re (zero-copy \u00fczemm\u00f3d) \u00e9s a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati csomagok tartalm\u00e1nak k\u00f6zvetlen elhelyez\u00e9s\u00e9re a fogad\u00f3 oldal eszk\u00f6z\u00e9nek mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1ban. A csomagokban tov\u00e1bb\u00edtott adatok k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl \u00e1tker\u00fclnek a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00e1rty\u00e1r\u00f3l a perif\u00e9ria eszk\u00f6z mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1ba, vagy az eszk\u00f6z mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1b\u00f3l a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00e1rty\u00e1ra, megker\u00fclve a CPU-t, m\u00edg a csomagok fejl\u00e9cei a kernel szok\u00e1sos pufferjeibe ker\u00fclnek.\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u00f6bb Ethernet \u00e9s vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli illeszt\u0151program funkci\u00f3i b\u0151v\u00fcltek. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az Intel iwlwifi illeszt\u0151programban hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott az RLC\/SMPS m\u0171veletek firmware oldali kezel\u00e9s\u00e9nek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, a RealTek rtw89 illeszt\u0151programban javult a teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny, \u00e9s hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott az RTL8852BT\/8852BE-VT (WiFi 6) chip support, az Ethernet illeszt\u0151programban, a microchipn\u00e9l, pedig a IEEE 802.3bw (100BASE-T1) \u00e9s IEEE 802.3bp specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, valamint a Microsoft vNIC \u00e9s IBM veth virtu\u00e1lis Ethernet megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sok jav\u00edt\u00e1sa. \u00daj illeszt\u0151programok ker\u00fcltek bevezet\u00e9sre a Realtek RTL9054, RTL9068, RTL9072, RTL9075, RTL9068, RTL9071 \u00e9s Microchip LAN8650\/1 10BASE-T1S MAC-PHY Ethernet chipekhez.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) rendszer\u00e9ben, amely a TCP protokoll kiterjeszt\u00e9se a TCP csomagok egyidej\u0171 sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9szeken, a routing sor\u00e1n haszn\u00e1lt s\u00falyoz\u00e1si t\u00e9nyez\u0151k m\u00e9rete 8 bitr\u0151l 16 bitre n\u0151tt. Megval\u00f3s\u00edtott\u00e1k a forgalom vesztes\u00e9g (blackhole) meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s a forgalomveszt\u00e9shez vezet\u0151 rendszerekkel val\u00f3 kapcsolatok fel\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra tett k\u00eds\u00e9rletek \u00e1tmeneti felf\u00fcggeszt\u00e9s\u00e9t.\n<li class=\"l\"> For IPv6, support for the &#171;p&#187; flag in PIO (Prefix Information Option), used in RA (IPv6 Router Advertisements) for selecting deployment model clients through DHCPv6-PD (DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation, RFC9663) instead of assigning individual addresses based on prefixes using SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration), has been implemented. In IPv6 IOAM6, support for a new tunsrc encapsulation mode has been added to achieve higher performance.\n<li class=\"l\"> Javult az IPsec vez\u00e9rl\u0151csomagok feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye.\n<li class=\"l\"> Javult a nagy nftables szab\u00e1lyk\u00e9szletek ki\u00fcr\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek (flush) teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye. Az nfnetlink_queue pedig az SCTP protokoll t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa ter\u00e9n fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ethtool API-ban hozz\u00e1ad\u00f3dott a t\u00f6bb h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00e1rtya egy h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9szhez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1rendel\u00e9s\u00e9nek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Hardver<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> In the AMDGPU driver, work has continued on the implementation of support for AMD RDNA4 GPU (&#171;GFX12&#187;). The capability to reset individual task queues without resetting the overall GPU state has been added.\n<li class=\"l\"> Folytat\u00f3dott a DRM-illeszt\u0151program (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe fejleszt\u00e9se az Intel Xe architekt\u00far\u00e1j\u00fa GPU-khoz, amelyeket az Arc csal\u00e1d grafikus k\u00e1rty\u00e1iban \u00e9s az integr\u00e1lt grafik\u00e1ban haszn\u00e1lnak, kezdve a Tiger Lake processzorokkal. Az \u00faj verzi\u00f3 t\u00e1mogatja a Battlemage \u00e9s Lunar Lake mikroarchitekt\u00far\u00e1k alap\u00fa GPU-kat. Bemutat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt a CCS-m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00f3k (Color Control Surface) Xe2 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa a be\u00e9p\u00edtett \u00e9s diszkr\u00e9t GPU-k param\u00e9tereinek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re.\n<li class=\"l\"> In the i915 driver, the ability to output fan speed information through the HWMON interface or sysfs (the &#171;fan1_input&#187; attribute) has been implemented. The &#171;i915.modeset&#187; parameter has been deprecated; instead of &#171;i915.modeset=0&#187;, the &#171;i915.nomodeset&#187; parameter should be used.\n<li class=\"l\"> A DRM-illeszt\u0151program MSM (Qualcomm Adreno GPU) t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa kib\u0151v\u00fclt az A615, A306 \u00e9s A621 GPU-k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1val.\n<li class=\"l\"> A Nouveau illeszt\u0151programban \u00e1tdolgoz\u00e1sra \u00e9s bels\u0151 strukt\u00far\u00e1k tiszt\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra ker\u00fclt sor.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az intel_pstate illeszt\u0151program, amely az Intel processzorok energiatakar\u00e9kos (P-state) param\u00e9tereit kezeli, t\u00e1mogat\u00e1st kapott a szimmetrikus (k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nnyel rendelkez\u0151) CPU-val rendelkez\u0151 hibrid rendszerekhez, valamint az Granite Rapids \u00e9s Sierra Forest mikroarchitekt\u00far\u00e1kra \u00e9p\u00fcl\u0151 processzorok energiafogyaszt\u00e1s\u00e1nak kezel\u00e9s\u00e9hez. Az intel_idle illeszt\u0151program t\u00e1mogatja a Xeon Granite Rapids CPU-kat. Az intel_rapl illeszt\u0151programban biztos\u00edtott a 1Ah csal\u00e1d AMD processzorok \u00e9s az Intel ArrowLake-U processzorok \u00e9szlel\u00e9se.\n<li class=\"l\"> Folyamatban van a Snapdragon X Elite ARM SoC t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1nak kiterjeszt\u00e9se, amely saj\u00e1t 12-magos Qualcomm Oryon CPU-t \u00e9s Qualcomm Adreno GPU-t haszn\u00e1l. A chip notebookokban \u00e9s asztali sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pekben val\u00f3 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sra k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, \u00e9s teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye sok tesztben fel\u00fclm\u00falja az Apple M3 \u00e9s Intel Core Ultra 155H chipeket.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARM platformok, SoC-k \u00e9s eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre: Broadcom bcm2712 (Raspberry Pi 5), Renesas R9A09G057 (RZ\/V2H), Qualcomm Snapdragon 414 (MSM8929), Lenovo ThinkPad T14s Gen 6, Lenovo A6000\/A6010, Surface Laptop 7, Anbernic RG35XXSP, Firefly Core-PX30-JD4, Lunzn Fastrhino R68S, Aspeed Riser, AGX Orin, Rockchip Qnap-TS433, Huashan Pi, Meta Catalina, BeagleY-AI, NanoPi R2S Plus, ExynosAuto v920, SOPHGO SG2002, Qualcomm IPQ5332, LG G4 (h815), Cool Pi CM5 GenBook, Anbernic RG35XXSP, GameForce Ace, IBM P11, Kontron i.MX93 OSM-S, NanoPC-T6.\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u00e1mogat\u00e1st kaptak az Anbernic RG28XX, Tat Industrial Company KD50G21-40NT-A1, Innolux G070ACE-LH3, Melfas lmfbx101117480, Densitron DMT028VGHMCMI-1D, Microchip AC40T08A, AOU B116XTN02.3, AUO B116XAN06.1, AOU B116XAT04.1, BOE TV101WUM-LL2, BOE NV140WUM-N41, BOE NV133WUM-N63, BOE NV116WHM-A4D, BOE NE140WUM-N6G, CMN N116BCA-EA2, CMN N116BCP-EA2, CSW MNB601LS1-4, Starry er88577 kijelz\u0151panelek.\n<li class=\"l\"> A hangrendszerhez hozz\u00e1adva az RME Digiface USB, AMD ACP 7.1, Mediatek MT6367, MT8365, Realtek RTL1320 \u00e9s C-Media CM9825 chipek \u00e9s kodekek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa. Az Intel ASoC r\u00e9gi hangmeghajt\u00f3kat elavultnak nyilv\u00e1n\u00edtott\u00e1k, helyett\u00fck az AVS meghajt\u00f3k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t aj\u00e1nlj\u00e1k. Sz\u00e1mos fejleszt\u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt a SoundWire meghajt\u00f3ban.      <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62243\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.12. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Realtime-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430, sched_ext \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 CPU \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 eBPF, \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 QR-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c Device Memory TCP, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 SCHED_DEADLINE server, \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 EEVDF, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c IPE \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 14607 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 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