{"id":120977,"date":"2024-12-13T21:46:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-13T19:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/ataka-badram-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-attestaczii-sev-snp-v-cpu-amd"},"modified":"2024-12-13T21:46:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T19:46:02","slug":"ataka-badram-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-attestaczii-sev-snp-v-cpu-amd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/ataka-badram-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-attestaczii-sev-snp-v-cpu-amd","title":{"rendered":"A BadRAM t\u00e1mad\u00e1s, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az AMD CPU SEV-SNP hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si mechanizmus\u00e1nak megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A Leuven, L\u00fcbecker \u00e9s Birminghami Egyetem kutat\u00f3csoportja kidolgozott egy BadRAM t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszert (CVE-2024-21944), amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a hiteles\u00edt\u00e9s megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s a SEV-SNP kiterjeszt\u00e9ssel v\u00e9dett k\u00f6rnyezetek kompromitt\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t az AMD processzorokban. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1shoz a kiberb\u0171n\u00f6z\u0151nek, ritka kiv\u00e9telekkel, fizikailag hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rnie kell a mem\u00f3ria modulokhoz, valamint k\u00e9pesnek kell lennie k\u00f3dot futtatni a nulladik v\u00e9delmi szinten (ring0) azon a szerveren, amelyik v\u00e9dett vend\u00e9gh\u00e1l\u00f3zatokat futtat. <\/p>\n

Az AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization) kiterjeszt\u00e9sek c\u00e9lja, hogy garant\u00e1lj\u00e1k a virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pek mem\u00f3ria integrit\u00e1s\u00e1t, valamint v\u00e9dj\u00e9k \u0151ket a hosztrendszer rendszergazd\u00e1ja \u00e1ltal v\u00e9gzett beavatkoz\u00e1st\u00f3l \u00e9s elemz\u00e9st\u0151l, aki k\u00e9pes k\u00f3dot futtatni a hipervizor szintj\u00e9n. Kezdetben az AMD SEV v\u00e9delem a vend\u00e9g rendszer mem\u00f3ria tartalm\u00e1nak titkos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s a regiszterek elszigetel\u00e9s\u00e9re korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dott, de k\u00e9s\u0151bb az AMD EPYC processzorokban tov\u00e1bbi SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging) kiterjeszt\u00e9s ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre a biztons\u00e1gos mem\u00f3ria oldal t\u00e1bl\u00e1k kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re, amely garant\u00e1lja a mem\u00f3ria integrit\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s megakad\u00e1lyozza a hipervizor \u00e1ltal v\u00e9gzett v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sokat a vend\u00e9g rendszer mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1ban. <\/p>\n

Az AMD SEV-SNP mechanizmust az\u00e9rt hozt\u00e1k l\u00e9tre, hogy a titkosszolg\u00e1latok vagy az adatk\u00f6zpontok \u00e9s felh\u0151szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k szem\u00e9lyzete, ahol v\u00e9dett vend\u00e9gh\u00e1l\u00f3zatokat futtatnak, ne tudjanak beavatkozni a vend\u00e9gh\u00e1l\u00f3zat m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9be. A javasolt BadRAM t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszer lehet\u0151s\u00e9get ad a v\u00e9delmi garanci\u00e1k megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re az DDR4 vagy DDR5 mem\u00f3ria modulok SPD (Serial Presence Detect) metaadatainak megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1val. Sikeres t\u00e1mad\u00e1s eset\u00e9n a kiberb\u0171n\u00f6z\u0151 fel\u00fcl tudja \u00edrni a titkos\u00edtott adatokat a vend\u00e9gh\u00e1l\u00f3zat mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1ban (titkos sz\u00f6veg szintj\u00e9n, visszafejt\u00e9si lehet\u0151s\u00e9g n\u00e9lk\u00fcl) \u00e9s megker\u00fclheti a hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si mechanizmust, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a SEV-SNP technol\u00f3gia seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel v\u00e9dett virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pbe t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 h\u00e1ts\u00f3 ajt\u00f3 elrejt\u00e9s\u00e9re. <\/p>\n

A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s alapja az SPD-ben a mem\u00f3ria modul hamis param\u00e9tereinek megad\u00e1sa, amelyek arra k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtik a processzort, hogy nem l\u00e9tez\u0151 c\u00edmekre hivatkozzon, amelyeket a l\u00e9tez\u0151 mem\u00f3ria ter\u00fcletek t\u00fckr\u00f6znek. A t\u00e1mad\u00f3 m\u00f3dos\u00edthatja az SPD-t \u00fagy, hogy a mem\u00f3ria modul olyan m\u00e9retet adjon vissza a processzornak, amely meghaladja a modul t\u00e9nyleges jellemz\u0151it. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 val\u00f3tlan, nem l\u00e9tez\u0151 mem\u00f3ria c\u00edmet t\u00e9rk\u00e9pezhet a val\u00f3s ter\u00fcletre a DRAM-on, amely m\u00e1r titkos\u00edtott form\u00e1ban van haszn\u00e1latban a v\u00e9dett vend\u00e9g rendszerekben. Ennek k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben olyan helyzet \u00e1ll el\u0151, amikor k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 c\u00edmek ugyanarra a fizikai mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ra mutatnak (k\u00e9t ter\u00fclet egy mem\u00f3riater\u00fcletre van t\u00fckr\u00f6zve a DRAM chipen), azaz a hamis\u00edtett t\u00fckr\u00f6z\u00f6tt mem\u00f3ria c\u00edm\u00e9n kereszt\u00fcl hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhet\u00fcnk a m\u00e1r haszn\u00e1latban l\u00e9v\u0151 val\u00f3di mem\u00f3ri\u00e1hoz, megker\u00fclve a CPU mem\u00f3ria v\u00e9delmi mechanizmusaikat.

\"A<\/center> <\/p>\n

A t\u00e1mad\u00e1shoz elegend\u0151 \u00f6sszeszerelni egy egyszer\u0171 programoz\u00f3t, amelynek k\u00f6lts\u00e9ge k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 10 doll\u00e1r, \u00e9s amely Raspberry Pi Pico mikrokontrollerb\u0151l, DDR4\/DDR5 modul csatlakoz\u00f3b\u00f3l \u00e9s t\u00e1pegys\u00e9gb\u0151l \u00e1ll. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz haszn\u00e1lt eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k, az kernel modul \u00e9s az exploit protot\u00edpusok a GitHub-on tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k.

\"A<\/center> <\/p>\n

N\u00e9h\u00e1ny gy\u00e1rt\u00f3 chipjein\u00e9l, ahol az SPD fel\u00fcl\u00edr\u00e1s blokkol\u00e1sa nem val\u00f3sult meg, a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s programoz\u00e1si \u00faton, fizikai hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl is v\u00e9grehajthat\u00f3 a szerverhez. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul programozottan meg lehet v\u00e1ltoztatni a Corsair RGB h\u00e1tt\u00e9rvil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00e1ssal ell\u00e1tott mem\u00f3ria modulok param\u00e9tereit. Teljesen programozott t\u00e1mad\u00e1s eset\u00e9n a rendszer kompromitt\u00e1lhat\u00f3, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a BIOS rosszindulat\u00fa friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val vagy rendszergazd\u00e1k \u00e1ltali diverzi\u00f3 r\u00e9v\u00e9n. szerverek<\/a> a felh\u0151szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokban.

\"A<\/center> <\/p>\n

A m\u00f3dszer m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re k\u00e9t t\u00e1mad\u00e1st mutattak be. Az els\u0151 t\u00e1mad\u00e1s sor\u00e1n megmutatt\u00e1k a titkos sz\u00f6veg reproduk\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t \u2014 az AMD SEV haszn\u00e1lata eset\u00e9n az adatok titkos\u00edtva vannak t\u00e1rolva a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ban, \u00e9s a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 nem tudja meghat\u00e1rozni a tartalm\u00e1t, de k\u00e9pes olvasni a titkos\u00edtott adatokat, majd azokat behelyettes\u00edteni egy m\u00e1sik titkos\u00edtott tartalom hely\u00e9re. <\/p>\n

A m\u00e1sodik t\u00e1mad\u00e1s sor\u00e1n demonstr\u00e1lt\u00e1k az SEV-SNP hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si mechanizmus\u00e1nak megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t, amely kriptogr\u00e1fiai meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9st ny\u00fajt a v\u00e9dett k\u00f6rnyezetben fut\u00f3 virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9p integrit\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l. A t\u00e1mad\u00f3 k\u00e9pes lehet az integrit\u00e1sr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 jelent\u00e9s elfog\u00e1s\u00e1ra a megfelel\u0151 virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pt\u0151l, majd azt a kompromitt\u00e1lt virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9p sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra behelyettes\u00edteni, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul elrejtve a h\u00e1ts\u00f3 ajt\u00f3 nyomait. <\/p>\n

A probl\u00e9ma az AMD EPYC processzorok 3. \u00e9s 4. gener\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t \u00e9rinti, amelyek Milan, Milan-X, Genoa, Bergamo, Genoa-X \u00e9s Siena k\u00f3dneveken ker\u00fcltek forgalomba. A s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9g blokkol\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben az AMD m\u00e1r kiadott egy SEV firmware friss\u00edt\u00e9st, amelyben megval\u00f3s\u00edtott\u00e1k az ALIAS_CHECK ellen\u0151rz\u00e9st, amely megakad\u00e1lyozza a mem\u00f3ria manipul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t, ami a vizsg\u00e1lt t\u00e1mad\u00e1s saj\u00e1tja. <\/p>\n

Az Intel \u00e1ltal k\u00edn\u00e1lt Scalable SGX \u00e9s TDX technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k nem \u00e9rz\u00e9kenyek a t\u00e1mad\u00e1sra, mivel az sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges ellen\u0151rz\u00e9sek m\u00e1r eleve jelen vannak. A klasszikus Intel SGX technol\u00f3gia, amelyet 2021-ben az Intel elavultnak min\u0151s\u00edtett, r\u00e9szben \u00e9rz\u00e9keny a t\u00e1mad\u00e1sra (a kor\u00e1bban ismert MemBuster t\u00e1mad\u00e1shoz hasonl\u00f3an, a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 elemezheti a titkos\u00edtott mem\u00f3ria hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9seit, vagyis csak a titkos sz\u00f6veg olvas\u00e1sa lehets\u00e9ges, de annak fel\u00fcl\u00edr\u00e1sa nem). Az ARM processzorokon nem v\u00e9geztek CCA (Confidential Compute Architecture) b\u0151v\u00edtm\u00e9nyek tesztel\u00e9s\u00e9t. <\/p>\n

Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1, egy m\u00e1sik s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9gr\u0151l is besz\u00e1moltak, amely az AMD SEV-SNP-hez kapcsol\u00f3dik. A s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9get az AMD \u00e1ltal fejlesztett QEMU emul\u00e1tor forkj\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lt\u00e1k, amelyet a virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pekhez<\/a> SEV-SNP-vel val\u00f3 futtat\u00e1s\u00e1ra terveztek. A probl\u00e9ma lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a host k\u00f6rnyezet adminisztr\u00e1tora sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy root hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st szerezzen a vend\u00e9g rendszerekhez az ACPI t\u00e1bl\u00e1k manipul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val. A s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9g abb\u00f3l ad\u00f3dik, hogy a vend\u00e9g rendszer ind\u00edt\u00e1sakor ellen\u0151rzik a Linux kernel, a kezdeti RAM-diszk \u00e9s a kernel be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sainak integrit\u00e1s\u00e1t, de nem veszik figyelembe az ACPI t\u00e1bl\u00e1kat, amelyeken kereszt\u00fcl a hypervisor speci\u00e1lisan form\u00e1zott AML (ACPI Machine Language) k\u00f3dot \u00e1ll\u00edthat be, amelyet a vend\u00e9g k\u00f6rnyezetben kell v\u00e9grehajtani. \u00c1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok szerint a probl\u00e9ma nem specifikus a QEMU-ra, \u00e9s b\u00e1rmilyen hypervisorban \u00e9s emul\u00e1torban megjelenik, mivel a Linux kernel megb\u00edzik b\u00e1rmely ACPI-adatban, amelyet a hypervisor k\u00fcld.

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Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u041b\u0451\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u041b\u044e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0411\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 BadRAM (CVE-2024-21944), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f SEV-SNP \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 AMD. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 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