{"id":121189,"date":"2024-12-31T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T13:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2024-12-31T15:46:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T13:46:00","slug":"kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"\u00dctk\u00f6z\u00e9sek a Linux kernel r\u00f6vid\u00edtett commit azonos\u00edt\u00f3iban","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kees Cook, a kernel.org kor\u00e1bbi f\u0151 rendszergazd\u00e1ja \u00e9s az Ubuntu Security Team vezet\u0151je bemutatta, hogy lehet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lik olyan commit l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa, amelynek r\u00f6vid\u00edtett azonos\u00edt\u00f3ja megegyezik egy kor\u00e1bban a Linux kernelhez hozz\u00e1adott commit azonos\u00edt\u00f3j\u00e1val. A k\u00eds\u00e9rlet c\u00e9lja annak meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9se volt, hogy \u00e9rdemes lenne \u00e1tt\u00e9rni a 16 karakteres r\u00f6vid\u00edtett commit azonos\u00edt\u00f3kra a Linux kernelben, amelyr\u0151l kor\u00e1bban a kernel fejleszt\u0151i levelez\u0151list\u00e1j\u00e1n besz\u00e9ltek, de Linus Torvalds nem t\u00e1mogatta.    <\/p>\n<p>A r\u00f6vid\u00edtett commit azonos\u00edt\u00f3k a SHA-1 hash els\u0151 12 karakter\u00e9nek meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9vel keletkeznek (48 bit a 160 bitb\u0151l). Mivel a kernelben SHA-1 hash \u00e1ltal azonos\u00edthat\u00f3 objektumok sz\u00e1ma meghaladta a 13 milli\u00f3t, a 12 karakteres prefix haszn\u00e1lata sor\u00e1n \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9sek el\u0151fordul\u00e1sa m\u00e1r csak id\u0151 k\u00e9rd\u00e9se volt. P\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt m\u00e1r a kernelbe hozz\u00e1adott objektumokat mutatt\u00e1k be, amelyek 11 karakteres azonos\u00edt\u00f3ik r\u00e9v\u00e9n \u00e1tfed\u00e9sben vannak. Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl eml\u00edt\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt, hogy a 12 karakteres azonos\u00edt\u00f3k \u00e1tfed\u00e9s\u00e9re m\u00e1r okt\u00f3berben is volt p\u00e9lda, de a patch elk\u00fcld\u00e9se el\u0151tt a checkpatch seg\u00e9dprogram m\u00e1r \u00e9szlelte ezt.      <\/p>\n<p>A r\u00f6vid\u00edtett azonos\u00edt\u00f3k r\u00f6vid hivatkoz\u00e1sok k\u00f6zz\u00e9t\u00e9tel\u00e9re szolg\u00e1lnak a commitokra, \u00e9s meg kell adni \u0151ket a \"Fixes\" c\u00edmk\u00e9n v\u00e9gzett m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sok k\u00fcld\u00e9s\u00e9n\u00e9l, mint hivatkoz\u00e1st arra a commitra, amelyben a probl\u00e9ma megold\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt az elk\u00fcld\u00f6tt patch-ben (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul: \"Fixes: e21d2170f366\"). Az \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9sek el\u0151fordul\u00e1sa, amelyek sor\u00e1n t\u00f6bb k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s kapcsol\u00f3dik ugyanahhoz a r\u00f6vid\u00edtett azonos\u00edt\u00f3hoz, probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat okozhat az olyan eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9ben, amelyek figyelembe veszik a \"Fixes\" c\u00edmk\u00e9k tartalm\u00e1t. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, ezek a c\u00edmk\u00e9k figyelembe vannak v\u00e9ve a check_fixes kezel\u0151j\u00e9ben, amelyet a linux-next \u00e1gon haszn\u00e1lnak, valamint a sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek jav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s a patch-ek \u00e9letciklus\u00e1nak nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9re k\u00e9sz\u00fclt elemz\u0151 szkriptekben.      <\/p>\n<p>Linus Torvalds szkeptikusan viszonyult ahhoz a javaslathoz, hogy n\u00f6velj\u00e9k a r\u00f6vid\u00edtett azonos\u00edt\u00f3k minim\u00e1lis m\u00e9ret\u00e9t, mivel a t\u00e1rol\u00f3ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 commitok sz\u00e1ma l\u00e9nyegesen kevesebb, mint a t\u00e1rgyak sz\u00e1ma (k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 1\/8). Val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171, hogy ha v\u00e9letlen \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9sek el\u0151fordulnak, azok egy commit \u00e9s egy m\u00e1s t\u00edpus\u00fa objektum (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul blob vagy \u00e1g) k\u00f6z\u00f6tt fognak t\u00f6rt\u00e9nni. V\u00e9lem\u00e9nye szerint a r\u00f6vid\u00edtett azonos\u00edt\u00f3knak \u00e9ppen az a szerep\u00fck, hogy \u00e1tl\u00e1that\u00f3ak, olvashat\u00f3ak \u00e9s k\u00f6nnyen id\u00e9zhet\u0151ek legyenek, \u00e9s a m\u00e9ret\u00fck n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9nek objekt\u00edv el\u0151felt\u00e9telei egyel\u0151re nincsenek.     <\/p>\n<p>Az egyik fejleszt\u0151 azt javasolta, hogy a m\u00e9ret cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben n\u00f6velj\u00e9k a jelent\u0151s bitek sz\u00e1m\u00e1t, \u00faj form\u00e1tumot alkalmazva a Base36 k\u00f3dol\u00e1s (0-9, a-z karakterek) alapj\u00e1n a hexadecim\u00e1lis sz\u00e1mjegyek helyett. Linus v\u00e9lem\u00e9nye szerint egy ilyen v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s t\u00f6bb probl\u00e9m\u00e1t fog okozni, mint amennyit megold. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul \u00faj form\u00e1tum t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t kell hozz\u00e1adni a megl\u00e9v\u0151 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z, \u00e9s form\u00e1tum azonos\u00edt\u00f3t kell bevezetni a r\u00e9gi \u00e9s \u00faj form\u00e1tum megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztet\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.       <\/p>\n<p>A probl\u00e9ma szeml\u00e9ltet\u00e9s\u00e9re, miszerint a r\u00f6vid\u00edtett azonos\u00edt\u00f3k probl\u00e9m\u00e1ja nem elm\u00e9leti, \u00e9s megold\u00e1sa nem k\u00e9slekedhet, Kees Cook dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3s m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1st kezdem\u00e9nyezett, amelynek r\u00f6vid\u00edtett azonos\u00edt\u00f3ja (1da177e4c3f4) megegyezett a 2.6.12-rc2 kernel \u00e1g l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz tartoz\u00f3 commit azonos\u00edt\u00f3j\u00e1val. Az \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9st 6 \u00f3ra sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel siker\u00fclt megtal\u00e1lni egy NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 GPU-val rendelkez\u0151 rendszeren.     <\/p>\n<p>A v\u00e1laszt\u00e1s a lucky-commit eszk\u00f6z haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt - a c\u00e9lpatch sz\u00f6veg\u00e9be addig adtak v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171 sz\u00f3k\u00f6z\u00f6ket, am\u00edg a 12 karakteres SHA-1 el\u0151tag meg nem egyezett a kernelben m\u00e1r megl\u00e9v\u0151 commit el\u0151tagokkal. Case v\u00e9lem\u00e9nye szerint a probl\u00e9m\u00e1t nem annyira a v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171 \u00fctk\u00f6z\u00e9sek jelentik, hanem a r\u00f6vid\u00edtett azonos\u00edt\u00f3k manipul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge rosszindulat\u00fa c\u00e9lokra, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul bizonyos ellen\u0151rz\u00e9sek megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62495\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u041a\u0443\u043a (Kees Cook), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 kernel.org \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Security Team, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux. \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 16-\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u041a\u0443\u043a (Kees Cook), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 kernel.org \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Security Team, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b 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