{"id":121869,"date":"2025-02-12T14:22:12","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T12:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dlya-systemd-razvivaetsya-vozmozhnost-zagruzki-sistemnyh-obrazov-po-http"},"modified":"2025-02-12T14:22:12","modified_gmt":"2025-02-12T12:22:12","slug":"dlya-systemd-razvivaetsya-vozmozhnost-zagruzki-sistemnyh-obrazov-po-http","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/dlya-systemd-razvivaetsya-vozmozhnost-zagruzki-sistemnyh-obrazov-po-http","title":{"rendered":"A systemd alatt fejl\u0151dik a rendszerk\u00e9pek HTTP-n t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9nek lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Lennart Poettering javasolta, hogy a systemd rendszermenedzserbe be\u00e9p\u00edthet\u0151 legyen egy olyan m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a rendszer HTTP protokollon kereszt\u00fcl egy k\u00fcls\u0151 hostr\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 gy\u00f6k\u00e9rf\u00e1jlrendszer (root FS) k\u00e9p\u00e9nek bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t. A m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s l\u00e9nyege az, hogy a systemd k\u00e9pess\u00e9 v\u00e1lik nemcsak a lemezk\u00e9p let\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9re HTTP-n kereszt\u00fcl a rendszer indul\u00e1s\u00e1nak korai szakasz\u00e1ban, hanem a let\u00f6lt\u00f6tt k\u00e9p kicsomagol\u00e1s\u00e1ra, a blokk eszk\u00f6zh\u00f6z t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 loopback m\u00f3dban val\u00f3 kapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1ra, a blokk eszk\u00f6z \/sysroot-k\u00e9nt val\u00f3 csatol\u00e1s\u00e1ra, \u00e9s onnan a rendszer bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9re. <\/p>\n

A rendszer ind\u00edt\u00e1sa k\u00f6zbeni lemezk\u00e9pek let\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9nek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t a systemd-import-generator m\u00e1r a systemd 257-es verzi\u00f3j\u00e1ba integr\u00e1lt\u00e1k. A t\u00f6bbi funkci\u00f3 m\u00e9g munka protot\u00edpus \u00e1llapotban van, amely tov\u00e1bbfejleszt\u00e9st ig\u00e9nyel. A megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s jelenleg nem t\u00e1mogatja a teljes bet\u00f6lt\u00e9si ciklust, de a j\u00f6v\u0151ben tervezik a funkci\u00f3t kiterjeszteni az UEFI HTTP Boot univerz\u00e1lis kernel k\u00e9p\u00e9nek (UKI - Unified Kernel Image) bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9re, amely egy f\u00e1jlban tartalmazza az UEFI (UEFI boot stub) bet\u00f6lt\u0151t, a Linux kernel k\u00e9p\u00e9t \u00e9s az initrd mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba bet\u00f6ltend\u0151 rendszerk\u00f6rnyezetet. <\/p>\n

A rendszerk\u00e9p let\u00f6lt\u00e9si URL-j\u00e9t a UEFI be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokban az EFI-k\u00e9phez megadott URL alapj\u00e1n tervezik kisz\u00e1m\u00edtani HTTP Boot sor\u00e1n (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, amikor EFI HTTP Boot-on kereszt\u00fcl bet\u00f6ltj\u00fck a «http:\/\/example.com\/somedir\/myimage.efi» URL-t, a jelen l\u00e9v\u0151 UKI initrd-kezelo a rootfs k\u00e9pet «http:\/\/example.com\/somedir\/myimage.raw.xz» n\u00e9ven fogja bet\u00f6lteni). A j\u00f6v\u0151ben a HTTP mellett a NVMe-over-TCP technol\u00f3gia t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t is tervezik, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a NVMe-mem\u00f3ri\u00e1k h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton kereszt\u00fcli el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9t (NVM Express over Fabrics), TCP protokoll haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val. <\/p>\n

V\u00e1rhat\u00f3an a k\u00fcls\u0151 hosztr\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 k\u00e9pek bet\u00f6lt\u00e9se megk\u00f6nny\u00edti a modern, v\u00e1ltozatlan («immutable») oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek val\u00f3di hardveren t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tesztel\u00e9s\u00e9nek megszervez\u00e9s\u00e9t. A fejleszt\u0151 a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p\u00e9n a mkosi seg\u00e9dprogram seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel elk\u00e9sz\u00edtheti a rendszerk\u00f6rnyezet k\u00e9p\u00e9t, majd azt HTTP-n kereszt\u00fcl el\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9 teheti a «mkosi -f serve» parancs kiad\u00e1s\u00e1val. Annak a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pnek, amelyen a rendszer m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t tesztelni kell, elegend\u0151, ha az EFI bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t HTTP-n kereszt\u00fcl enged\u00e9lyezi, \u00e9s hozz\u00e1adja a bet\u00f6ltend\u0151 k\u00e9p URL-j\u00e9t a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 parancs kiad\u00e1s\u00e1val: kernel-bootcfg \u2014add-uri=http:\/\/192.168.47.11:8081\/image.efi \u2014title=testloop \u2014boot-order=0 <\/p>\n

Ezut\u00e1n egyszer\u0171en \u00fajraind\u00edthatja a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pet, \u00e9s az bet\u00f6lti az UKI alapkernel k\u00e9p\u00e9t, amely ezut\u00e1n bet\u00f6lti a fejleszt\u0151 \u00e1ltal el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edtett lemezk\u00e9pet a gy\u00f6k\u00e9r f\u00e1jlrendszerrel. Az EFI HTTP-b\u0151l val\u00f3 bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s kikapcsol\u00e1sa el\u0151tt minden \u00fajraind\u00edt\u00e1s friss rendszerk\u00e9pet fog ind\u00edtani. Ez a tesztel\u00e9s nem \u00e9rinti a helyi lemezeket.
\n
Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 (Lennart Poettering) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 systemd \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 HTTP. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e systemd \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u043e HTTP \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432 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