{"id":123638,"date":"2025-04-23T21:05:08","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T19:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-nginx-1-28-0-i-forka-freenginx-1-28-0"},"modified":"2025-04-23T21:05:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T19:05:08","slug":"vypusk-nginx-1-28-0-i-forka-freenginx-1-28-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vypusk-nginx-1-28-0-i-forka-freenginx-1-28-0","title":{"rendered":"Megjelent az nginx 1.28.0 \u00e9s a FreeNginx 1.28.0 fork","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9v ut\u00e1n megjelent a \u00faj stabil \u00e1ga a magas teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u0171 HTTP szervernek \u00e9s a t\u00f6bb protokollt t\u00e1mogat\u00f3 proxy szervernek, az nginx 1.28.0-nak, amely mag\u00e1ban foglalja a 1.27.x f\u0151 \u00e1g\u00e1ban felhalmozott v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokat. A j\u00f6v\u0151ben minden m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s az 1.28 stabil \u00e1gon a komoly hib\u00e1k \u00e9s sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek kijav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt. Hamarosan l\u00e9trej\u00f6n az nginx 1.29 f\u0151 \u00e1g, amelyben tov\u00e1bb folytat\u00f3dik az \u00faj funkci\u00f3k fejleszt\u00e9se. A norm\u00e1l felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3knak, akiknek nincs sz\u00fcks\u00e9g\u00fck kompatibilit\u00e1sra harmadik f\u00e9lt\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 modulokkal, a f\u0151 \u00e1gat aj\u00e1nljuk, amely alapj\u00e1n h\u00e1rom havonta kiad\u00e1sok k\u00e9sz\u00fclnek az Nginx Plus kereskedelmi term\u00e9khez.       <\/p>\n<p>A Netcraft m\u00e1rciusi jelent\u00e9se szerint az nginx alatt k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 245 milli\u00f3 weboldal m\u0171k\u00f6dik (egy \u00e9ve 243 milli\u00f3, k\u00e9t \u00e9ve 289 milli\u00f3). Az nginx a legnagyobb r\u00e9szesed\u00e9ssel b\u00edr az \u00f6sszes akt\u00edv weboldal 17,89%-\u00e1n (egy \u00e9ve 18,15%, k\u00e9t \u00e9ve 18,94%), amely az els\u0151 helyet foglalja el ebben a kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ban (az Apache r\u00e9szesed\u00e9se 16,03% (egy \u00e9ve 20,09%, k\u00e9t \u00e9ve 20,52%), a Cloudflare - 17,81% (14,12%, 11,32%), a Google - 9,89% (10,41%, 9,89%).     <\/p>\n<p>A weboldalak \u00f6sszess\u00e9g\u00e9t tekintve az nginx tov\u00e1bbra is vezet\u0151 szerepet t\u00f6lt be, a piaci r\u00e9szesed\u00e9se 20,48% (egy \u00e9ve 22,31%, k\u00e9t \u00e9ve - 25,94%), m\u00edg az Apache r\u00e9szesed\u00e9se 16,03% (20,17%, 20,58%), a Cloudflare - 12,87% (11,24%, 10,17%), az OpenResty (nginx \u00e9s LuaJIT alap\u00fa platform) - 9,36% (7,93%, 7,94%).      <\/p>\n<p>A vil\u00e1g legl\u00e1togatottabb egymilli\u00f3 weboldala k\u00f6z\u00f6tt az nginx a m\u00e1sodik helyet foglalja el 20,37%-os r\u00e9szesed\u00e9s\u00e9vel (egy \u00e9ve 20,63%, k\u00e9t \u00e9ve 21,37%). Az els\u0151 helyen a Cloudflare \u00e1ll - 22,32% (egy \u00e9ve 22,59%, k\u00e9t \u00e9ve 21,62%). Az Apache httpd r\u00e9szesed\u00e9se - 17,95% (20,09%, 21,18%).     <\/p>\n<p>A W3Techs adatai szerint az nginx az egymilli\u00f3 legl\u00e1togatottabb weboldal 33,8%-\u00e1n haszn\u00e1latos (a tavaly \u00e1prilisi adatok szerint ez 34,3% volt, k\u00e9t \u00e9vvel ezel\u0151tt pedig 34,5%). Az Apache r\u00e9szesed\u00e9se egy \u00e9v alatt 30,1%-r\u00f3l 26,3%-ra cs\u00f6kkent, m\u00edg a Microsoft IIS r\u00e9szesed\u00e9se 5%-r\u00f3l 4%-ra cs\u00f6kkent. A Node.js r\u00e9szesed\u00e9se 3,2%-r\u00f3l 4,4%-ra n\u0151tt, a LiteSpeed pedig 12,9%-r\u00f3l 14,6%-ra emelkedett.     <\/p>\n<p>A f\u0151 \u00e1g 1.27.x kialak\u00edt\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n bek\u00f6vetkezett legfigyelemrem\u00e9lt\u00f3bb fejleszt\u00e9sek:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A QUIC protokollt haszn\u00e1l\u00f3 kapcsolatokhoz hozz\u00e1adva a CUBIC (RFC 9438) h\u00e1l\u00f3zati t\u00falterhel\u00e9s-vez\u00e9rl\u00e9si algoritmus t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, amelynek m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se a t\u00falterhel\u00e9si ablak m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek fokozatos n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9re korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dik a csomagveszt\u00e9s megjelen\u00e9s\u00e9ig, ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en az ablak m\u00e9rete visszaker\u00fcl a csomagveszt\u00e9s el\u0151tti \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9re. A v\u00e9gzett tesztek sor\u00e1n a CUBIC haszn\u00e1lata 500 MB m\u00e9ret\u0171 f\u00e1jl \u00e1tvitel\u00e9nek idej\u00e9t 24%-kal cs\u00f6kkentette 40 ms k\u00e9s\u00e9sekn\u00e9l \u00e9s 750K BDP (Bandwidth Delay Product) eset\u00e9n, valamint 73%-kal 100 ms k\u00e9s\u00e9sekn\u00e9l \u00e9s 9M BDP-n\u00e9l.        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A stream modulhoz hozz\u00e1adva a kliensek tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyainak visszavon\u00e1s\u00e1nak ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t t\u00e1mogat\u00f3 OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol) protokoll.\n<li class=\"l\"> A stream modulban megval\u00f3s\u00edtva az OCSP Stapling tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny-visszavon\u00e1s-ellen\u0151rz\u00e9si technik\u00e1j\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, amely l\u00e9nyege, hogy a TLS-kapcsolat kialak\u00edt\u00e1sakor a hiteles\u00edt\u00e9ssel rendelkez\u0151 v\u00e1lasz az OCSP-t\u0151l a weboldalt szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3 szerver \u00e1ltal ker\u00fcl \u00e1tad\u00e1sra, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy k\u00f6zvetlen kapcsolat sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges lenne a hiteles\u00edt\u0151 k\u00f6zponttal.\n<li class=\"l\"> A konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3 ind\u00edt\u00e1sakor \u00e9s friss\u00edt\u00e9sekor megval\u00f3s\u00edtva a gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1raz\u00e1s. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/ssl-sertifikat\/\"   title=\"SSL tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"354\">SSL tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok<\/a>, kulcsok \u00e9s CRL (Certificate Revocation List).\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a TLS er\u0151forr\u00e1s-felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s a CPU terhel\u00e9s\u00e9nek m\u00e9rs\u00e9kl\u00e9s\u00e9nek lehet\u0151s\u00e9gei, a sok server \u00e9s location blokkot tartalmaz\u00f3 konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3khoz. A hozz\u00e1adott m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sok lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik, hogy a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s blokkhoz k\u00fcl\u00f6n SSL kontekszus (SSL_CTX az OpenSSL-ben) l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa helyett a m\u00e1r l\u00e9tez\u0151 SSL kontekszust haszn\u00e1ljuk a sz\u00fcl\u0151 blokk fel\u0151l.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Az \u201essl_client_certificate\u201d direkt\u00edv\u00e1ban biztos\u00edtva van a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok tov\u00e1bbi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3val val\u00f3 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Az \u00fcgyf\u00e9l SSL-tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9hez az \u201essl_client_certificate\u201d direkt\u00edva most m\u00e1r nem k\u00f6telez\u0151.        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ngx_mail_proxy_module modulhoz hozz\u00e1adva a SmarterMail IMAP LOGIN m\u00f3dj\u00e1nak t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, nem c\u00edmk\u00e9zett CAPABILITY v\u00e1lasszal.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Az ngx_http_proxy_module modulba hozz\u00e1adva lett a \u201eproxy_pass_trailers\u201d direkt\u00edva, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a fejl\u00e9cmez\u0151k tov\u00e1bb\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t a proxizott szervert\u0151l az \u00fcgyf\u00e9l fel\u00e9 a v\u00e1lasz v\u00e9g\u00e9n.\n<li class=\"l\"> A \u201eserver\u201d direkt\u00edv\u00e1ba, amely az \u201eupstream\u201d blokkban haszn\u00e1latos, hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k a \u201eresolve\u201d param\u00e9ter t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9t. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP address\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"728\">IP address<\/a> a haszn\u00e1lt domain n\u00e9vhez \u00e9s a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3 automatikus friss\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t az \u201eupstream\u201d blokkban an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy \u00fajra kellene ind\u00edtani az nginx-t a c\u00edm v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa eset\u00e9n.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt a v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k haszn\u00e1lata a \u201eproxy_limit_rate\u201d, \u201efastcgi_limit_rate\u201d, \u201escgi_limit_rate\u201d \u00e9s \u201euwsgi_limit_rate\u201d direkt\u00edv\u00e1kban.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A \u201eproxy_bind\u201d, \u201efastcgi_bind\u201d, \u201egrpc_bind\u201d, \u201ememcached_bind\u201d, \u201escgi_bind\u201d \u00e9s \u201euwsgi_bind\u201d direkt\u00edv\u00e1kban, valamint az ngx_http_realip_module modul \u00fcgyf\u00e9lc\u00edmek\u00e9nt IPv6 c\u00edmek megad\u00e1sa lehets\u00e9ges n\u00e9gyzetes z\u00e1r\u00f3jelekben, portsz\u00e1m n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a &#171;keepalive_min_timeout&#187; direkt\u00edva, amely meghat\u00e1rozza azt az id\u0151tartamot, amely alatt az nginx nem z\u00e1rja le a keep-alive kapcsolatot az \u00fcgyf\u00e9llel.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Alap\u00e9rtelmezetten a TLSv1 \u00e9s TLSv1.1 protokollok le vannak tiltva.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Megoldva a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s f\u00e1jlok hossz\u00fa bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9nek probl\u00e9m\u00e1i, amelyek a TLS-tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok, kulcsok \u00e9s hiteles\u00edt\u00e9sszolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3i list\u00e1k ugyanazon egy k\u00e9szlet\u00e9nek t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6ri feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaztak. A konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00fajrat\u00f6lt\u00e9se felgyorsult a meg nem v\u00e1ltozott TLS-objektumok, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok, kulcsok \u00e9s CRL \u00fajrahaszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val. A konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3 friss\u00edt\u00e9sekor az objektumok \u00f6r\u00f6kl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek letilt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz hozz\u00e1adva az &#171;ssl_object_cache_inheritable&#187; direkt\u00edva.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Hozz\u00e1adva a tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nyok \u00e9s kulcsok gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1ra, amelyeket direkt\u00edv\u00e1kban haszn\u00e1lt v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3kkal t\u00f6lt\u00f6ttek be (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul: &#171;ssl_certificate \/etc\/ssl\/$ssl_server_name.crt&#187;). A gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1r kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re hozz\u00e1adva az &#171;ssl_certificate_cache&#187;, &#171;proxy_ssl_certificate_cache&#187;, &#171;grpc_ssl_certificate_cache&#187; \u00e9s &#171;uwsgi_ssl_certificate_cache&#187; direkt\u00edv\u00e1kat. A megadott direkt\u00edv\u00e1kon kereszt\u00fcl be\u00e1ll\u00edthat\u00f3 a gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1r maxim\u00e1lis m\u00e9rete, a bejegyz\u00e9sek \u00e9rv\u00e9nyess\u00e9gi ideje \u00e9s a nem haszn\u00e1lt bejegyz\u00e9sek t\u00f6rl\u00e9s\u00e9nek ideje. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul: &#171;ssl_certificate_cache max=1000 inactive=20s valid=1m;&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Cs\u00f6kkentve a mem\u00f3riafogyaszt\u00e1st hossz\u00fa \u00e9let\u0171 k\u00e9r\u00e9sek feldolgoz\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n olyan konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3kban, ahol &#171;gzip&#187;, &#171;gunzip&#187;, &#171;ssi&#187;, &#171;sub_filter&#187; vagy &#171;grpc_pass&#187; direkt\u00edv\u00e1k vannak haszn\u00e1latban.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A megosztott mem\u00f3ria SSL munkamenetek gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1r\u00e1ba helyezhet\u0151 maxim\u00e1lis m\u00e9ret 8192-re n\u00f6velve.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A Musl C k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rral val\u00f3 ford\u00edt\u00e1st jav\u00edtott\u00e1k.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyoptimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s \u00e9s hibajav\u00edt\u00e1s v\u00e9grehajtva a HTTP\/3 megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban.      <\/ul>\n<p>Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 megeml\u00edthet\u0151 a FreeNginx 1.28.0 projekt kiad\u00e1s\u00e1nak publik\u00e1l\u00e1sa, amely az Nginx forkj\u00e1t fejleszti. A fork fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t Makszim Dunin v\u00e9gzi, aki az Nginx egyik kulcsfejleszt\u0151je. A FreeNginx non-profit projektk\u00e9nt pozicion\u00e1lja mag\u00e1t, amely az Nginx k\u00f3dalap fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t biztos\u00edtja v\u00e1llalati beavatkoz\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. A FreeNginx 1.28-as \u00e1gbeli specifikus v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Az &#171;off&#187; param\u00e9ter a &#171;pid&#187; direkt\u00edv\u00e1ban, amely letiltja a PID-f\u00e1jl l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t.\n<li class=\"l\">  A hiba\u00fczenetek logba \u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1nak intenzit\u00e1s\u00e1nak korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sa, hogy megv\u00e9dj\u00fck a logot a tipikus \u00fczenetekkel val\u00f3 megt\u00f6lt\u00e9st\u0151l.\n<li class=\"l\"> A multipath param\u00e9ter megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa a listen direkt\u00edv\u00e1ban a Multipath TCP t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.\n<li class=\"l\">  A HTTP &#171;Age&#187; fejl\u00e9c t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa a gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1razott bejegyz\u00e9sek \u00e9lettartam\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.\n<li class=\"l\"> XOAUTH2 \u00e9s OAUTHBEARER hiteles\u00edt\u00e9si m\u00f3dszerek hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa a mail_proxy modulhoz.  <\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63126\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e HTTP-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 nginx 1.28.0, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f 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