{"id":125693,"date":"2025-05-30T15:06:05","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T13:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimosti-v-apport-i-systemd-coredump-pozvolyayushhie-izvlech-heshi-parolej-polzovatelej-sistemy"},"modified":"2025-05-30T15:06:05","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T13:06:05","slug":"uyazvimosti-v-apport-i-systemd-coredump-pozvolyayushhie-izvlech-heshi-parolej-polzovatelej-sistemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-apport-i-systemd-coredump-pozvolyayushhie-izvlech-heshi-parolej-polzovatelej-sistemy","title":{"rendered":"Az apport \u00e9s a systemd-coredump sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gei lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i jelszavak hash-einek kinyer\u00e9s\u00e9t.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A Qualys c\u00e9g k\u00e9t sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9get \u00e9szlelt az apport (CVE-2025-5054) \u00e9s a systemd-coredump (CVE-2025-4598) eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kben, amelyek a folyamatok k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtett le\u00e1ll\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n gener\u00e1lt core-f\u00e1jlok kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1lnak. A sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st biztos\u00edtanak a k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtett le\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s ut\u00e1n meg\u0151rz\u00f6tt core-f\u00e1jlokhoz, amelyekben suid-alkalmaz\u00e1sok vagy bizonyos rendszerszint\u0171 h\u00e1tt\u00e9rfolyamatok t\u00e1rolt hiteles\u00edt\u0151 adatai vagy titkos\u00edt\u00e1si kulcsai tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3ak. Az apport seg\u00e9deszk\u00f6z automatikusan aktiv\u00e1l\u00f3dik a core-dumpok ment\u00e9s\u00e9re Ubuntu alatt, m\u00edg a systemd-coredump a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9+, Fedora \u00e9s sok m\u00e1s Linux-disztrib\u00faci\u00f3ban.      <\/p>\n<p>Egy t\u00e1mad\u00e1si technik\u00e1t mutattak be, amelynek sor\u00e1n a unix_chkpwd suid-alkalmaz\u00e1s k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtett le\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak felt\u00e9teleit hozt\u00e1k l\u00e9tre, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve ezzel a core-f\u00e1jlhoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st a hiba k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben. A meg\u0151rz\u00f6tt core-dumpban a rendszer felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3inak jelsz\u00f3hash-ei voltak megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, amelyek a hiba ut\u00e1n a megszakadt folyamat mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1ban maradtak az \/etc\/shadow tartalm\u00e1nak bet\u00f6lt\u00e9se ut\u00e1n. A sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9geit az Ubuntu 24.04 \u00e9s a Fedora 40\/41 verzi\u00f3iban mutatt\u00e1k be, azonban v\u00e9lhet\u0151en m\u00e1s disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k is hasonl\u00f3 t\u00e1mad\u00e1soknak vannak kit\u00e9ve.        <\/p>\n<p>Mindk\u00e9t sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9get egy versenyhelyzet okozza, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtett le\u00e1ll\u00e1s ut\u00e1n, de a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben a folyamat param\u00e9tereinek \/proc\/pid\/files \u00e1ltali ellen\u0151rz\u00e9se el\u0151tt az elhalt suid-folyamatot egy m\u00e1sik folyamatra cser\u00e9lj\u00e9k ki. Az apport \u00e9s a systemd-coredump h\u00edv\u00e1sa a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 m\u00f3don t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik: a kernel a folyamat le\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1val kapcsolatos inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k megszerz\u00e9se ut\u00e1n a \/proc\/sys\/kernel\/core_pattern f\u00e1jlban megadott kezel\u0151t h\u00edvja, majd \u00e1tadja neki a core-dump tartalm\u00e1t a bemeneti folyam\u00e1n.    <\/p>\n<p>A core-dump gener\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9s a kezel\u0151 futtat\u00e1sa nem val\u00f3sul meg azonnal, \u00e9s van elegend\u0151 id\u0151 a befejez\u0151d\u00f6tt suid-folyamat norm\u00e1l felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i folyamatt\u00e1 val\u00f3 \u00e1tkonvert\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ha kicser\u00e9lik, a fut\u00f3 core-dump kezel\u0151 azt fogja hinni, hogy a hiba nem a suid-folyamatban, hanem egy norm\u00e1l felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i alkalmaz\u00e1sban t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt, \u00e9s ennek megfelel\u0151en a core-f\u00e1jlt norm\u00e1l felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9ssel, nem csup\u00e1n adminisztr\u00e1tori jogosults\u00e1ggal menti el.    <\/p>\n<p>Az apport elleni t\u00e1mad\u00e1s a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9sekb\u0151l \u00e1ll:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Egy \u00faj folyamatot ind\u00edtanak, \u00e9s v\u00e9grehajtj\u00e1k az execve() funkci\u00f3t egy suid-program, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a unix_chkpwd ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.\n<li class=\"l\"> Megengedett az id\u0151, amely sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges a suid-program \u00e1ltal bizalmas adatok mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba val\u00f3 bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9re (unix_chkpwd eset\u00e9n a rendszer \u00f6sszes felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3j\u00e1nak jelszav\u00e1nak hash-\u00e9t a \/etc\/shadow f\u00e1jlb\u00f3l v\u00e1rj\u00e1k).\n<li class=\"l\"> A parancs v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1nak befejez\u00e9se el\u0151tt a folyamat SIGSEGV vagy SIGSYS jelet kap a k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtett le\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1shoz.\n<li class=\"l\"> A k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtett le\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra reag\u00e1lva a kernel core-dump-ot gener\u00e1l \u00e9s elind\u00edtja az apport folyamatot a core-dump feldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben.\n<li class=\"l\"> Miut\u00e1n az apport elindult, de a hib\u00e1san le\u00e1llt folyamat elemz\u00e9se el\u0151tt SIGKILL jelet k\u00fcldenek a folyamatnak, \u00e9s a folyamatot egy m\u00e1sikkal helyettes\u00edtik suid z\u00e1szl\u00f3 n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. Az apport ellen\u0151rz\u00e9seinek megker\u00fcl\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben az \u00faj folyamatokat k\u00fcl\u00f6n n\u00e9vt\u00e9rben (user, pid \u00e9s mount namespace) hozz\u00e1k l\u00e9tre.\n<li class=\"l\"> Az apport csatlakozik a \/run\/apport.socket unix socket-hez az \u00faj folyamat k\u00f6tetn\u00e9zeteiben, \u00e9s elk\u00fcldi a f\u00e1jl le\u00edr\u00f3j\u00e1t a core-dump el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9hez.    <\/ul>\n<p>Annak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy az \u00faj folyamat megkapja a k\u00edv\u00e1nt azonos\u00edt\u00f3t, amely megegyezik a suid-folyamat azonos\u00edt\u00f3j\u00e1val, a SIGSEGV jel elk\u00fcld\u00e9se el\u0151tt a suid-folyamatot a SIGSTOP jellel le\u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k, \u00e9s a le\u00e1ll\u00e1s k\u00f6zben folyamatosan \u00faj folyamatokat ind\u00edtanak, am\u00edg egy PID-t nem kapnak, amely megel\u0151z\u0151 sz\u00e1m\u00fa \u00e9s k\u00f6zel \u00e1ll a felcser\u00e9lhet\u0151 suid-folyamathoz. A PID sz\u00e1mol\u00e1s\u00e1nak eltol\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n a suid-folyamatnak SIGSEGV \u00e9s SIGCONT jeleket k\u00fcldenek, majd SIGKILL jelet, \u00e9s folyamatosan \u00faj folyamatokat ind\u00edtanak a suid-folyamattal azonos PID el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9hez.      <\/p>\n<p>A systemd-coredump eset\u00e9ben egyr\u00e9szt a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa egyszer\u0171bb, mivel nincs sz\u00fcks\u00e9g a suid folyamat helyettes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re egy k\u00fcl\u00f6n felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben, el\u00e9g, ha az AT_UID \u00e9s az AT_EUID megegyezik. M\u00e1sr\u00e9szr\u0151l a systemd-coredump C nyelven van \u00edrva \u00e9s viszonylag gyorsan elindul, ami kevesebb id\u0151t ad a helyettes\u00edt\u00e9sre, ellent\u00e9tben az apport-tal, amely Python nyelven k\u00e9sz\u00fclt \u00e9s a inicializ\u00e1l\u00e1s sor\u00e1n k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 pyc f\u00e1jlokat t\u00f6lt be. Az ilyen probl\u00e9m\u00e1t a systemd-coredump mesters\u00e9ges lelass\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val lehet megoldani \u2014 amikor a suid f\u00e1jlt h\u00edvj\u00e1k, nagyon sok parancssori argumentumot adnak \u00e1t, ami sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9st okoz a \/proc\/pid\/cmdline elemz\u00e9se sor\u00e1n.        <\/p>\n<p>A sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek elemz\u00e9se sor\u00e1n a kutat\u00f3k azt is meg\u00e1llap\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy a systemd-coredump nem adja meg a \/proc\/sys\/kernel\/core_pattern be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sakor a \u201e%d\u201d jelz\u0151t, ami lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy megsz\u00fcntesse a h\u00e1tt\u00e9rfolyamatokat root jogosults\u00e1gokkal, \u00e9s m\u00e1s folyamatokat ind\u00edtson el a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i azonos\u00edt\u00f3 megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1val, amellyel a t\u00e1mad\u00e1st v\u00e9grehajtja. Ez a lehet\u0151s\u00e9g nemcsak a setuid alkalmaz\u00e1sokkal, hanem olyan folyamatokkal is, mint az sshd-session (OpenSSH), sd-pam (systemd) \u00e9s cron, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy \u00e9rz\u00e9keny adatokat, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul priv\u00e1t kulcsokat, jelsz\u00f3 hash-eket a \/etc\/shadow-b\u00f3l, a veremr\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 canary jelz\u0151ket \u00e9s az address space randomiz\u00e1ci\u00f3 (ASLR) megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges adatokat nyerjenek ki.        <\/p>\n<p>A csomagfriss\u00edt\u00e9sek k\u00f6zz\u00e9t\u00e9tel\u00e9nek nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9se a disztrib\u00faci\u00f3kban a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 oldalakon lehets\u00e9ges: Debian, Ubuntu, RHEL, openSUSE, Fedora, Gentoo, Arch. A sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek blokkol\u00e1s\u00e1nak alternat\u00edv\u00e1jak\u00e9nt javasolj\u00e1k, hogy kapcsolj\u00e1k ki a core-dumpok ment\u00e9s\u00e9t a suid programok \u00e9s az enged\u00e9lyek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9t v\u00e9gz\u0151 folyamatok eset\u00e9n, a \/proc\/sys\/fs\/suid_dumpable param\u00e9ter 0-ra \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val. A probl\u00e9ma teljes k\u00f6r\u0171 megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9s\u00e9hez v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sokat kell v\u00e9gezni a Linux kernelen, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k \u00e1tad\u00e1sa a meghi\u00fasult folyamatr\u00f3l a pidfd mechanizmus r\u00e9v\u00e9n (a pidfd konkr\u00e9t folyamatokhoz k\u00f6t\u0151dik, \u00e9s ellent\u00e9tben a pid-del, nem rendelhet\u0151 \u00fajra).<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63328\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Qualys \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 apport (CVE-2025-5054) \u0438 systemd-coredump (CVE-2025-4598), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 core-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a core-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f suid-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 apport \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f core-\u0434\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-125693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Qualys \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 apport (CVE-2025-5054) \u0438 systemd-coredump (CVE-2025-4598), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 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