{"id":138938,"date":"2025-07-14T11:11:58","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T09:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu"},"modified":"2025-07-14T11:11:58","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T09:11:59","slug":"gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu","title":{"rendered":"GPUHammer \u2014 a Rowhammer t\u00e1mad\u00e1s GPU-ra vonatkoz\u00f3 v\u00e1ltozata.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A toront\u00f3i egyetem kutat\u00f3i bemutatt\u00e1k az els\u0151 Rowhammer-t\u00edpus\u00fa t\u00e1mad\u00e1st, amely a vide\u00f3 mem\u00f3ria tartalm\u00e1nak megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1ra ir\u00e1nyul. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t, amely ak\u00e1r 8 bit adat manipul\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra is k\u00e9pes, a NVIDIA A6000 dedik\u00e1lt GPU-n, GDDR6 vide\u00f3 mem\u00f3ri\u00e1val demonstr\u00e1lt\u00e1k. P\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt bemutatt\u00e1k, hogyan lehet ilyen jelleg\u0171 torzul\u00e1sokat felhaszn\u00e1lni a g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1si modellek m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9be val\u00f3 beavatkoz\u00e1sra, ezzel jelent\u0151sen (80%-r\u00f3l 0,1%-ra) cs\u00f6kkentve a megadott eredm\u00e9nyek pontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t egyetlen bit \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9nek megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1val.

\"GPUHammer<\/center> <\/p>\n

A Rowhammer t\u00edpus\u00fa t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa vide\u00f3 mem\u00f3ri\u00e1hoz eddig neh\u00e9zkes volt a GDDR chipjeiben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 mem\u00f3ria fizikai elrendez\u00e9s\u00e9nek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1nak bonyolults\u00e1ga, a mem\u00f3ria hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s hossz\u00fa k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9sei (4-szer lassabb) \u00e9s a magasabb friss\u00edt\u00e9si frekvencia miatt. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1, a kutat\u00e1sokat nehez\u00edtette a GDDR chipjeiben alkalmazott manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3k elleni v\u00e9delmi mechanizmusok, amelyek korai t\u00f6lt\u00e9sveszt\u00e9shez vezettek, \u00e9s amelyek elemz\u00e9s\u00e9hez speci\u00e1lis, FPGA alap\u00fa hardver teszt\u00e1llom\u00e1sok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa volt sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges. <\/p>\n

A vide\u00f3 mem\u00f3ria tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a kutat\u00f3k \u00faj GDDR DRAM visszafejt\u00e9si technik\u00e1t dolgoztak ki, \u00e9s a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s sor\u00e1n alkalmazt\u00e1k a p\u00e1rhuzamos sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1stechnika megszervez\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lt mem\u00f3ria-hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sokat, amelyeket az egyes cell\u00e1khoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s intenzit\u00e1s\u00e1nak fokoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1ltak. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1shoz a NVIDIA GPU-on alacsony szint\u0171 CUDA k\u00f3dot alkalmaztak. <\/p>\n

A felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i CUDA k\u00f3dban nem t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik hivatkoz\u00e1s a fizikai mem\u00f3ria c\u00edmekre, de a NVIDIA meghajt\u00f3ja a virtu\u00e1lis mem\u00f3ri\u00e1t egy \u00e9s ugyanazon fizikai mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba t\u00fckr\u00f6zi, amit a kutat\u00f3k kihaszn\u00e1ltak a virtu\u00e1lis mem\u00f3ria eltol\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1nak kisz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s a mem\u00f3ria bankok elrendez\u00e9s\u00e9nek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 mem\u00f3ria bankokhoz val\u00f3 hivatkoz\u00e1sok felismer\u00e9se a k\u00e9sleltet\u00e9sek elemz\u00e9se \u00fatj\u00e1n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztek az egy vagy t\u00f6bb mem\u00f3ria bankhoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s sor\u00e1n. <\/p>\n

Olyan rendszerekben, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00f6sen haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k a GPU-t, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul szerverek<\/a> A g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1si modellek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz az t\u00e1mad\u00e1s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy egy felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 megv\u00e1ltoztassa egy m\u00e1sik felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 videomem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1t tartalmaz\u00f3 adatokat. V\u00e9delmi int\u00e9zked\u00e9sk\u00e9nt az NVIDIA v\u00e1llalat azt javasolja, hogy a hibakorrekci\u00f3s k\u00f3dokat (ECC, Error Correction Codes) az «nvidia-smi -e 1» paranccsal kapcsolj\u00e1k be, vagy haszn\u00e1ljanak OD-ECC (On-Die ECC) t\u00e1mogat\u00e1ssal rendelkez\u0151 grafikus k\u00e1rty\u00e1kat, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a GeForce RTX 50, RTX PRO, GB200, B200, B100, H100, H200, H20 \u00e9s GH200. <\/p>\n

A kutat\u00f3k adatai szerint az ECC aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1sa A6000 GPU-val rendelkez\u0151 rendszerekben k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 10%-kal cs\u00f6kkenti a g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1si modellek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1nak teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t, \u00e9s 6,25%-kal cs\u00f6kkenti a mem\u00f3ria mennyis\u00e9g\u00e9t. Az alacsony szint\u0171 videopamem\u00f3ria t\u00e9rk\u00e9p\u00e9nek visszafejt\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s t\u00e1mad\u00e1si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kre vonatkoz\u00f3 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket az NVIDIA GPU-val rendelkez\u0151 rendszerekhez k\u00f6zz\u00e9tett\u00e9k a GitHub-on. <\/p>\n

A RowHammer t\u00e1mad\u00e1s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a DRAM mem\u00f3ria egyes bitek tartalm\u00e1nak torz\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t a szomsz\u00e9dos mem\u00f3ria\u00fcregek adataib\u00f3l val\u00f3 ciklikus olvas\u00e1s r\u00e9v\u00e9n. Mivel a DRAM mem\u00f3ria egy k\u00e9tdimenzi\u00f3s cella t\u00f6mb\u00f6t k\u00e9pvisel, ahol minden cella egy kondenz\u00e1torb\u00f3l \u00e9s egy tranzisztorb\u00f3l \u00e1ll, a folyamatos olvas\u00e1s egy bizonyos mem\u00f3ria ter\u00fcletr\u0151l fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g ingadoz\u00e1sokat \u00e9s anom\u00e1li\u00e1kat okoz, amelyek kis mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 t\u00f6lt\u00e9s elveszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezetnek a szomsz\u00e9dos cell\u00e1kban. Ha az olvas\u00e1si intenzit\u00e1s magas, akkor a szomsz\u00e9dos cella elegend\u0151 t\u00f6lt\u00e9st vesz\u00edthet ahhoz, hogy a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 regener\u00e1l\u00e1si ciklus m\u00e1r nem tudja vissza\u00e1ll\u00edtani az eredeti \u00e1llapot\u00e1t, ami a cell\u00e1ban t\u00e1rolt adatok \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9nek megv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet. <\/p>\n

A Rowhammer t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszert 2014-ben javasolt\u00e1k, ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a biztons\u00e1gi kutat\u00f3k \u00e9s a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt elkezd\u0151d\u00f6tt egy «macska-eg\u00e9r» j\u00e1t\u00e9k \u2014 a mem\u00f3riachip gy\u00e1rt\u00f3i megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lt\u00e1k blokkolni a sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9get, m\u00edg a kutat\u00f3k \u00faj m\u00f3dszereket tal\u00e1ltak annak megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a RowHammer ellen a gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k TRR (Target Row Refresh) mechanizmust adtak hozz\u00e1, de kider\u00fclt, hogy ez a megold\u00e1s csak bizonyos esetekben blokkolja a cell\u00e1k torzul\u00e1s\u00e1t, de nem v\u00e9di meg a lehets\u00e9ges t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok minden form\u00e1j\u00e1t\u00f3l. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszereket DDR3, DDR4 \u00e9s DDR5 chippekhez dolgozt\u00e1k ki Intel, AMD \u00e9s ARM processzorokkal rendelkez\u0151 rendszerekhez. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul felfedeztek m\u00f3dszereket az ECC hibakorrekci\u00f3 megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re, \u00e9s javasolt\u00e1k a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s lehet\u0151s\u00e9geit a h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton \u00e9s a JavaScript k\u00f3d b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151ben t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa \u00fatj\u00e1n.
\n
Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Rowhammer, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e 8 \u0431\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c GPU NVIDIA A6000 \u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e GDDR6. \u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0441 80% \u0434\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":138939,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-138938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47GPUHammer \u2014 a Rowhammer t\u00e1mad\u00e1s\u00e1nak egy v\u00e1ltozata a GPU mem\u00f3ria ellen | ProHoster","description":"A Toront\u00f3i Egyetem kutat\u00f3i bemutatt\u00e1k az 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