{"id":143523,"date":"2025-09-16T17:11:57","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati"},"modified":"2025-09-16T17:11:57","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:11:59","slug":"phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"A Phoenix \u2014 t\u00e1mad\u00e1s a DDR5 chipjei ellen, amely mem\u00f3riaadatok torzul\u00e1s\u00e1t okozza.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A sv\u00e1jci Z\u00fcrichi M\u0171szaki Egyetem kutat\u00f3i \u00e9s a Google m\u00e9rn\u00f6kei \u00faj Rowhammer t\u00e1mad\u00e1si technik\u00e1t - Phoenix (CVE-2025-6202) - fejlesztettek ki, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a DDR5 chipjeiben alkalmazott TRR (Target Row Refresh) v\u00e9delmi mechanizmus megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t, amely megakad\u00e1lyozza a mem\u00f3riasejtek torzul\u00e1s\u00e1t a t\u00f6lt\u00e9sveszt\u00e9s miatt. K\u00f6zz\u00e9tett\u00e9k a protot\u00edpus exploitot, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi egy adott bit tartalm\u00e1nak megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1t a RAM-ban, \u00e9s \u00edgy jogosults\u00e1gok n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9t a rendszerben. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1s bemutat\u00f3ja egy AMD Zen 4 mikroarchitekt\u00far\u00e1ra alapozott PC-n zajlott, SK Hynix DDR5 mem\u00f3ri\u00e1val, amelyen a tipikus asztali feladatokat hajtott\u00e1k v\u00e9gre. <\/p>\n

A RowHammer t\u00e1mad\u00e1s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a DRAM mem\u00f3ria egyes bitek tartalm\u00e1nak torz\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t a szomsz\u00e9dos mem\u00f3ria\u00fcregek adataib\u00f3l val\u00f3 ciklikus olvas\u00e1s r\u00e9v\u00e9n. Mivel a DRAM mem\u00f3ria egy k\u00e9tdimenzi\u00f3s cella t\u00f6mb\u00f6t k\u00e9pvisel, ahol minden cella egy kondenz\u00e1torb\u00f3l \u00e9s egy tranzisztorb\u00f3l \u00e1ll, a folyamatos olvas\u00e1s egy bizonyos mem\u00f3ria ter\u00fcletr\u0151l fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g ingadoz\u00e1sokat \u00e9s anom\u00e1li\u00e1kat okoz, amelyek kis mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 t\u00f6lt\u00e9s elveszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezetnek a szomsz\u00e9dos cell\u00e1kban. Ha az olvas\u00e1si intenzit\u00e1s magas, akkor a szomsz\u00e9dos cella elegend\u0151 t\u00f6lt\u00e9st vesz\u00edthet ahhoz, hogy a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 regener\u00e1l\u00e1si ciklus m\u00e1r nem tudja vissza\u00e1ll\u00edtani az eredeti \u00e1llapot\u00e1t, ami a cell\u00e1ban t\u00e1rolt adatok \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9nek megv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet. <\/p>\n

A Rowhammer t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszert 2014-ben javasolt\u00e1k, ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en pedig a biztons\u00e1gi kutat\u00f3k \u00e9s a hardvergy\u00e1rt\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt egy macska-eg\u00e9r j\u00e1t\u00e9k vette kezdet\u00e9t - a mem\u00f3riachipek gy\u00e1rt\u00f3i pr\u00f3b\u00e1lt\u00e1k blokkolni a sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9get, m\u00edg a kutat\u00f3k \u00faj m\u00f3dokat tal\u00e1ltak annak megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a RowHammer ellen a chipgy\u00e1rt\u00f3k bevezett\u00e9k a TRR (Target Row Refresh) mechanizmust, de kider\u00fclt, hogy ez csak bizonyos esetekben g\u00e1tolja a mem\u00f3riasejtek torzul\u00e1s\u00e1t, de nem v\u00e9d meg az \u00f6sszes lehets\u00e9ges t\u00e1mad\u00e1st\u00f3l. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszereket DDR3, DDR4 \u00e9s DDR5 chipekhez fejlesztett\u00e9k ki Intel, AMD \u00e9s ARM processzorokon, valamint az NVIDIA videok\u00e1rty\u00e1kban haszn\u00e1lt videomem\u00f3ri\u00e1ra. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 tal\u00e1ltak m\u00f3dszereket az ECC hibajav\u00edt\u00e1s megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re, \u00e9s javasolt\u00e1k a t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton \u00e9s b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151 JavaScript k\u00f3dj\u00e1nak futtat\u00e1s\u00e1val. <\/p>\n

A DRAM mem\u00f3riasejtek torzul\u00e1sa elleni v\u00e9delem megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9nek kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa t\u00e9nyez\u0151je a TRR mechanizmus m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek logik\u00e1j\u00e1nak meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se, amely els\u0151sorban a megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s r\u00e9szleteinek eltitkol\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s a \"biztons\u00e1g a hom\u00e1lyoss\u00e1g r\u00e9v\u00e9n\" elv\u00e9re t\u00e1maszkodik. A kutat\u00f3k a TRR m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek logik\u00e1j\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s visszafejt\u00e9s\u00e9re speci\u00e1lis FGPA Arty-A7 \u00e9s ZCU104 alap\u00fa lapokat hoztak l\u00e9tre, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a DDR5 SO-DIMM \u00e9s RDIMM mem\u00f3ria modulok tesztel\u00e9s\u00e9t, a mem\u00f3riasejtekhez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s mint\u00e1inak azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, az alacsony szint\u0171 DDR parancsok meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1t, amelyek a mem\u00f3ria szoftveres m\u0171veletei ut\u00e1n ker\u00fclnek \u00e1tad\u00e1sra, \u00e9s ezekre val\u00f3 reakci\u00f3k elemz\u00e9s\u00e9t.

\"A<\/center> <\/p>\n

Azt tal\u00e1lt\u00e1k, hogy a vizsg\u00e1lt DDR5 chipek v\u00e9delme extra mem\u00f3riafriss\u00edt\u00e9si vez\u00e9rl\u0151 parancsok n\u00e9lk\u00fcl val\u00f3sult meg, \u00e9s a cell\u00e1k \u00fajrat\u00f6lt\u00e9si frekvenci\u00e1j\u00e1nak v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 mint\u00e1in alapul. Rowhammer t\u00e1mad\u00e1s sikeres v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz ezekben a k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a mem\u00f3riacell\u00e1k friss\u00edt\u00e9si m\u0171veleteinek ezreinek pontos nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9re van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. Ezekben a k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a kor\u00e1bban l\u00e9tez\u0151 Rowhammer t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszerek alkalmazhatatlannak bizonyultak, ez\u00e9rt a kutat\u00f3k egy \u00faj m\u00f3dszert dolgoztak ki, amely automatikusan korrig\u00e1lja a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si mint\u00e1kat a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ban elmaradt friss\u00edt\u00e9si m\u0171veletek \u00e9szlel\u00e9s\u00e9vel a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s sor\u00e1n. <\/p>\n

A m\u00f3dszer hat\u00e9konynak bizonyult, \u00e9s a tesztek sor\u00e1n lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette a mem\u00f3ria bit\u00e9nek kontroll\u00e1lt torz\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t az SK Hynix 15 tesztelt DDR5 chipj\u00e9nek mindegyik\u00e9n (amely a DRAM piac 36%-\u00e1t k\u00e9pviseli), amelyek 2021 v\u00e9g\u00e9t\u0151l 2024 v\u00e9g\u00e9ig k\u00e9sz\u00fcltek. Egy bit torz\u00edt\u00e1sa elegend\u0151 volt ahhoz, hogy olyan exploitot hozzanak l\u00e9tre, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette a root hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st egy AMD Ryzen 7 7700X CPU-val \u00e9s SK Hynix DDR5 mem\u00f3ri\u00e1val rendelkez\u0151 rendszeren a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s sor\u00e1n 109 m\u00e1sodperc alatt. A javasolt t\u00e1mad\u00e1si m\u00f3dszer blokkol\u00e1s\u00e1hoz aj\u00e1nlott a mem\u00f3riafriss\u00edt\u00e9si frekvencia h\u00e1romszoros\u00e1ra emel\u00e9se. <\/p>\n

Aki root jogokat szeretne szerezni egy bit torz\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val, az al\u00e1bbi m\u00f3dszereket vizsg\u00e1lta: a mem\u00f3riaoldalak t\u00e1bl\u00e1zat\u00e1nak (PTE, page table entry) bejegyz\u00e9seinek m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa a kernel privil\u00e9gium\u00e1nak megszerz\u00e9s\u00e9hez; az OpenSSH-ben t\u00e1rolt RSA-2048 nyilv\u00e1nos kulcs\u00e1nak megsemmis\u00edt\u00e9se (a nyilv\u00e1nos kulcsot a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 priv\u00e1t kulcs\u00e1hoz lehet illeszteni a c\u00e9l VM-hez val\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00e1s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben); a jogosults\u00e1gok ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9nek megker\u00fcl\u00e9se a sudo folyamat mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1nak m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val. A PTE m\u00f3dszer minden 15 tesztelt chip eset\u00e9ben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pesnek bizonyult, az RSA t\u00e1mad\u00e1st 11 chip ellen, m\u00edg a sudo-t 5 chip ellen siker\u00fclt v\u00e9grehajtani. virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pben<\/a> a t\u00e1mad\u00f3 z\u00e1rt kulcs\u00e1hoz val\u00f3 megfelel\u00e9s a c\u00e9lg\u00e9p VM-j\u00e9hez val\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00e1shoz); jogosults\u00e1gi ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s megker\u00fcl\u00e9se a sudo folyamat mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1nak m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val. A PTE-vel v\u00e9gzett m\u00f3dszer m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pesnek bizonyult az \u00f6sszes 15 tesztelt chip eset\u00e9ben, az RSA t\u00e1mad\u00e1st 11 chipn\u00e9l siker\u00fclt v\u00e9grehajtani, a sudo eset\u00e9ben pedig 5 chipn\u00e9l.

\"A<\/center> <\/p>\n

A mem\u00f3riaoldali t\u00e1bl\u00e1k kiv\u00e1lasztott DRAM cell\u00e1kban t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 elhelyez\u00e9s\u00e9re az exploit a Rubicon technik\u00e1t haszn\u00e1lja, amely egyidej\u0171leg ker\u00fclt nyilv\u00e1noss\u00e1gra a Phoenix t\u00e1mad\u00e1ssal kapcsolatban. A Rubicon manipul\u00e1lja a Linux kernel mem\u00f3riaeloszt\u00e1si rendszer\u00e9nek optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1si jellemz\u0151it, \u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a mem\u00f3ria allok\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t olyan ter\u00fcleteken, amelyek m\u00e1s «migratetype» \u00e9rt\u00e9kkel rendelkeznek, \u00e9s fenntartottak privilegiz\u00e1lt m\u0171veletekhez. A hiba l\u00e9tez\u00e9s\u00e9t a Linux kernel 5.4-t\u0151l 6.8-ig terjed\u0151 verzi\u00f3iban meger\u0151s\u00edtett\u00e9k, azonban elm\u00e9letileg a sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g az \u00f6sszes kernelre vonatkozik, amely a Zoned Buddy Allocator mem\u00f3riaallok\u00e1l\u00e1si mechanizmust alkalmazza. <\/p>\n

A Rubicon technika nemcsak a Rowhammer t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t egyszer\u0171s\u00edti, hanem alkalmazhat\u00f3 a mikroarchitekt\u00fara t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Spectre hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9re is, \u00e9s leegyszer\u0171s\u00edti a titkos adatok mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ba val\u00f3 elhelyez\u00e9s\u00e9nek azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, amelyeket speci\u00e1lis utas\u00edt\u00e1sok spekulat\u00edv v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1val kell kinyerni. A Rubicon lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a mem\u00f3riahossz\u00fa keres\u00e9si f\u00e1zis n\u00e9lk\u00fcl elker\u00fclhess\u00fck a f\u00e1jlok, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul \/etc\/shadow, azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ehelyett azonnal megkezdhet\u0151 a mikroarchitekt\u00far\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3 s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9gek kihaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa egy ismert fizikai c\u00edmhez tartoz\u00f3 f\u00e1jl el\u0151re meghat\u00e1rozott elhelyez\u00e9s\u00e9vel. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Rubicon m\u00f3dszer alkalmaz\u00e1sa lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette az adatsziv\u00e1rg\u00e1s felgyors\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t egy Intel i7-8700K CPU-val rendelkez\u0151 rendszeren, 2698 m\u00e1sodpercr\u0151l 9,5 m\u00e1sodpercre (284-szeres sebess\u00e9ggel), m\u00edg az AMD EPYC 7252 CPU-val rendelkez\u0151 rendszeren 189 m\u00e1sodpercr\u0151l 27,9 m\u00e1sodpercre (6,8-szoros sebess\u00e9ggel) cs\u00f6kkent.

\r\n \"Vide\u00f3\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center> <\/p>\n

K\u00f6zben a George Mason Egyetem m\u00e1sik kutat\u00f3csoportja bemutatta a Rowhammer t\u00edpus\u00fa t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok alkalmazhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t AI rendszerek kompromitt\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A kutat\u00f3k egy OneFlip nev\u0171 m\u00f3dszert javasoltak, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az AI modellek viselked\u00e9s\u00e9nek c\u00e9lzott megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1t 1 bit adat mem\u00f3ri\u00e1ban t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 torz\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1val. P\u00e9lda k\u00f3d el\u00e9rhet\u0151 egy tr\u00f3jai v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s behelyettes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re a neur\u00e1lis h\u00e1l\u00f3zatban. Azt mutatj\u00e1k be, hogyan haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 egy bit megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sa a modell auton\u00f3m vezet\u00e9s\u00e9nek torz\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, megv\u00e1ltoztatva a \u201eMeg\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u201d k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si t\u00e1bl\u00e1t \u201eSebess\u00e9gkorl\u00e1toz\u00e1s\u201d t\u00e1bl\u00e1v\u00e1. A m\u00f3dszer arcfelismer\u0151 rendszerek megker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re is alkalmaz\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt. Azokn\u00e1l a modellekn\u00e9l, amelyek a s\u00falyoz\u00e1si t\u00e9nyez\u0151ket 32 bites eg\u00e9sz sz\u00e1mok form\u00e1j\u00e1ban t\u00e1rolj\u00e1k, a t\u00e1mad\u00e1s sikeress\u00e9ge 99,9%-ra \u00e9rt\u00e9kelhet\u0151 an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy hat\u00e1ssal lenne a modell kezdeti jellemz\u0151ire.

\"A<\/center>
\n
Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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