{"id":150734,"date":"2025-12-05T23:12:01","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T21:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6"},"modified":"2025-12-05T23:12:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T21:12:01","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6","title":{"rendered":"A nftables 1.1.6 csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 kiad\u00e1sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Megjelent az nftables 1.1.6 verzi\u00f3, amely egys\u00e9ges\u00edti a csomagsz\u0171r\u00e9si interf\u00e9szeket IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u00e9s h\u00e1l\u00f3zati hidak sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra (a c\u00e9lja az iptables, ip6tables, arptables \u00e9s ebtables helyettes\u00edt\u00e9se). Ezzel egyid\u0151ben megjelent a kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 libnftnl 1.3.1 k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r is, amely alacsony szint\u0171 API-t biztos\u00edt az nf_tables alrendszerrel val\u00f3 interakci\u00f3hoz.           <\/p>\n<p>Az nftables csomagba tartoznak a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 komponensek, m\u00edg a kernel szintj\u00e9n az nf_tables alrendszer l\u00e1tja el a feladatot, amely a Linux kernel 3.13-as verzi\u00f3j\u00e1t\u00f3l kezdve \u00e9rhet\u0151 el. A kernel szintj\u00e9n csak egy \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos interf\u00e9sz \u00e1ll rendelkez\u00e9sre, amely f\u00fcggetlen a konkr\u00e9t protokollt\u00f3l, \u00e9s alapvet\u0151 funkci\u00f3kat biztos\u00edt a csomagokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 adatok kinyer\u00e9s\u00e9re, az adatokkal v\u00e9gzett m\u0171veletekre \u00e9s az adatfolyam kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re.    <\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a sz\u0171r\u00e9si szab\u00e1lyok \u00e9s a protokollspecifikus kezel\u0151k felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rben b\u00e1jt k\u00f3dba vannak ford\u00edtva, majd ezt a b\u00e1jt k\u00f3dot a Netlink interf\u00e9sz seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel bet\u00f6ltik a kernelbe, ahol speci\u00e1lis k\u00f6rnyezetben v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sra ker\u00fcl. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pben\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4362\">virtu\u00e1lis g\u00e9pben<\/a>, amely a BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters) elj\u00e1r\u00e1sra eml\u00e9keztet. Ez a megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkenti a kernel szinten m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 sz\u0171r\u00e9si k\u00f3d m\u00e9ret\u00e9t, mik\u00f6zben az \u00f6sszes szab\u00e1lyok parszol\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9s a protokollokkal kapcsolatos logik\u00e1val kapcsolatos funkci\u00f3t a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i t\u00e9rbe helyezi.    <\/p>\n<p>F\u0151bb v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Teljes k\u00f6r\u0171 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s biztos\u00edtott a k\u00f6nny\u0171s\u00faly\u00fa alag\u00fat mint\u00e1khoz, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a vxlan, geneve \u00e9s erspan:           table netdev global {                tunnel t1 {                        id 10                        ip saddr 192.168.2.10                        ip daddr 192.168.2.11                        sport 1025                        dport 20020                        ttl 1                        erspan {                                version 1                                index 2                        }                }                   tunnel t2 {                        id 10                        ip saddr 192.168.3.10                        ip daddr 192.168.3.11                        sport 1025                        dport 21021                        ttl 1                        erspan {                                version 1                                index 2                        }                }                     chain in {                        type filter hook ingress device veth0 priority 0;                              tunnel name ip saddr map { 10.141.10.12 : &#171;t1&#187;,   10.141.10.13 : &#171;t2&#187; } fwd to erspan1                }         }    A szab\u00e1lyok bet\u00f6lt\u00e9se el\u0151tt l\u00e9tre kell hozni az erspan1 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9szt:     ip link add dev erspan1 type erspan external\n<li class=\"l\"> Az interf\u00e9sznevekben megjelen\u0151 maszkok t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa hozz\u00e1adva a netdev kezel\u0151kben, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, hogy alap l\u00e1ncot adjon a bej\u00f6v\u0151 forgalom sz\u0171r\u0151j\u00e9hez minden vlan eszk\u00f6z eset\u00e9n, megadhatja:           table netdev t {                chain c {                        type filter hook ingress devices = { &#171;vlan*&#187;, &#171;veth0&#187; }   priority filter; policy accept;                }         }\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 6.18+ kernellel rendelkez\u0151 rendszereken megval\u00f3sult az L2 keretek \u00e1tvitel\u00e9nek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati hidak interf\u00e9sz\u00e9re helyi feldolgoz\u00e1s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az IP-stack ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz minden Ethernet keretet a de:ad:00:00:be:ef MAC-c\u00edmhez megadhatjuk:        table bridge global {              chain pre {                      type filter hook prerouting priority 0; policy accept;                      ether daddr de:ad:00:00:be:ef meta pkttype set host ether   daddr set meta ibrhwaddr accept              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00daj infrastrukt\u00fara ker\u00fclt hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sra a fuzzing tesztel\u00e9shez az afl++ (american fuzzy lop++) eszk\u00f6zk\u00e9szlet\u00e9vel, amely a ford\u00edt\u00e1si f\u00e1zisban enged\u00e9lyezhet\u0151 a &#171;.\/configure &#8212;with-fuzzer&#187; parancs seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel.            <\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64386\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.1.6, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.3.1, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-150734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.1.6, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, 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