{"id":153472,"date":"2026-01-09T11:12:29","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T09:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4"},"modified":"2026-01-09T11:12:29","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T09:12:29","slug":"vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4","title":{"rendered":"A UNIXv4 k\u00f3dja helyre\u00e1ll\u00edtva, amely az els\u0151 oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer volt C nyelv\u0171 kernellel. S\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9g a UNIXv4-ben","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tavaly \u00e9v v\u00e9g\u00e9n, a Utah-i Egyetem sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pk\u00f6zpontj\u00e1ban egy r\u00e9gi m\u00e1gneses szalagon felfedezt\u00e9k a UNIXv4 oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer k\u00f3dj\u00e1t, amelyet 1973-ban fejlesztettek az PDP-11\/45 sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9phez, \u00e9s amelyet elveszettnek tartottak. A UNIXv4 a tavaly megjelent UNIXv3 oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t jelenti, amelyben el\u0151sz\u00f6r haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k a C nyelvet \u00e9s n\u00e9vtelen csatorn\u00e1kat. A UNIXv4 jellemz\u0151je volt a kernel \u00fajra\u00edr\u00e1sa assembler nyelvr\u0151l C nyelvre. A UNIXv4 kernel k\u00f3dj\u00e1t Ken Thompson \u00edrta, m\u00edg a drivereket Dennis Ritchie k\u00e9sz\u00edtette. <\/p>\n

2025 december v\u00e9g\u00e9n a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1stechnika t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9vel foglalkoz\u00f3 m\u00fazeum munkat\u00e1rsai sikeresen megtal\u00e1lt\u00e1k a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges berendez\u00e9seket \u00e9s ki tudt\u00e1k nyerni a szalagon t\u00e1rolt arch\u00edvumot. Az anal\u00f3g jel szalagr\u00f3l val\u00f3 digitaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a readtape eszk\u00f6zk\u00e9szletet haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k, m\u00edg az arch\u00edvum form\u00e1tum\u00e1nak dek\u00f3dol\u00e1s\u00e1hoz James Gosling Emacs szerkeszt\u0151j\u00e9nek helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si folyamat\u00e1ban szerzett tapasztalatokat alkalmazt\u00e1k. <\/p>\n

A UNIXv4 k\u00f3dja mellett a szalagon egy m\u00e1sik korai C nyelv\u0171 ford\u00edt\u00f3 \u00e9s az SNOBOL nyelv interpreter\u00e9nek forr\u00e1sk\u00f3dj\u00e1t is megtal\u00e1lt\u00e1k. K\u00e9s\u0151bb a UNIXv4 k\u00f3dj\u00e1t rendbe tett\u00e9k \u00e9s k\u00f6zz\u00e9tett\u00e9k a GitHubon olyan form\u00e1ban, amely alkalmas volt a PDP-11 emul\u00e1tor\u00e1val val\u00f3 \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra \u00e9s futtat\u00e1sra. A UNIXv4 k\u00f3dja 61 ezer sorb\u00f3l \u00e1ll, ebb\u0151l 27 ezer C nyelven, 33 ezer az PDP-11 assembler\u00e9ben, \u00e9s k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl ezer - fejl\u00e9c f\u00e1jlok.

\"A<\/center> <\/p>\n

Az egyik biztons\u00e1gi kutat\u00f3 \u00e9szrevette a UNIXv4-hez mell\u00e9kelt \u201esu\u201d seg\u00e9dprogramot. Ez a seg\u00e9dprogram kevesebb mint 50 sor k\u00f3dot tartalmazott, setuid-root z\u00e1szl\u00f3val telep\u00edtve, \u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette a \/bin\/sh root jogokkal val\u00f3 ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t a helyes jelsz\u00f3 megad\u00e1s\u00e1val. A k\u00f3d egy s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9get tartalmazott, amely puffert\u00falcsordul\u00e1shoz vezetett, mivel a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e1ltal megadott jelsz\u00f3t egy fix 100 karakteres t\u00f6mbbe m\u00e1solt\u00e1k m\u00e9retellen\u0151rz\u00e9s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. <\/p>\n

A felfedezett probl\u00e9m\u00e1t Douglas McIlroy, a Unix eredeti fejleszt\u0151csapat\u00e1nak 93 \u00e9ves tagja komment\u00e1lta a Bell Labs-ban, aki a n\u00e9vtelen csatorn\u00e1k koncepci\u00f3j\u00e1t javasolta, \u00e9s l\u00e9trehozta olyan seg\u00e9dprogramokat, mint az echo, spell, diff, sort, join \u00e9s tr. Douglas elmond\u00e1sa szerint a Morris f\u00e9le f\u00e9reg 1988-as megjelen\u00e9se el\u0151tt alig figyeltek a puffert\u00falcsordul\u00e1sokra. A k\u00e9zi beviteli adatok m\u00e9rettelj\u00e9s\u00e9nek hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1s\u00e1t felesleges k\u00f3dk\u00e9nt kezelt\u00e9k, m\u00edg a puffert\u00falcsordul\u00e1sra adott hibaelh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1st \u00fcgyetlens\u00e9gk\u00e9nt \u00e9rt\u00e9kelt\u00e9k. Id\u0151vel a g\u00e9pileg gener\u00e1lt sorok feldolgoz\u00e1sakor fell\u00e9p\u0151 t\u00falcsordul\u00e1sokat kezdt\u00e9k jav\u00edtani, de a k\u00e9zi bevitel logik\u00e1ja azon az alapon \u00e1llt, hogy \u201ekinek lehet sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge t\u00fal hossz\u00fa sorok k\u00e9zi bevitel\u00e9re?\u201d
\n
Forr\u00e1s: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u042e\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b UNIXv4, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 1973 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u042d\u0412\u041c PDP-11\/45 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439. UNIXv4 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b UNIXv3, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0421\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":153473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47A UNIXv4 k\u00f3d helyre\u00e1ll\u00edtva, ez volt az els\u0151 oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer, amely C nyelv\u0171 kernellel rendelkezett. 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