{"id":183105,"date":"2026-08-25T16:54:38","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T14:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/yadru-linux-ispolnilos-35-let"},"modified":"2026-08-25T16:54:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T14:54:40","slug":"linux-kernel-turns-35","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/linux-kernel-turns-35","title":{"rendered":"35 \u00e9ves lett a Linux Kernel","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>1991. augusztus 25-\u00e9n, \u00f6t h\u00f3napos fejleszt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n, a 21 \u00e9ves Linus Torvalds bejelentette a comp.os.minix h\u00edrlev\u00e9lben egy \u00faj oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer, a Linux m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 protot\u00edpus\u00e1t, amelynek a bash 1.08 \u00e9s gcc 1.40 portol\u00e1sa befejez\u0151d\u00f6tt. Az els\u0151 nyilv\u00e1nos Linux kernel kiad\u00e1s\u00e1t szeptember 17-\u00e9n mutatt\u00e1k be. A 0.0.1 kernel t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edtve 62 Kb m\u00e9ret\u0171 volt, \u00e9s k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 10 ezer sor forr\u00e1sk\u00f3dot tartalmazott. A modern Linux kernel k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 44 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3dot tartalmaz.     <\/p>\n<p>A Linux kernel a MINIX oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer hat\u00e1sa alatt k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, amely Linust a korl\u00e1tozott licenc\u00e9vel nem el\u00e9g\u00edtette ki. K\u00e9s\u0151bb, amikor a Linux n\u00e9pszer\u0171 projektt\u00e9 v\u00e1lt, a rosszindulat\u00fa emberek megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lt\u00e1k Linust a MINIX n\u00e9h\u00e1ny alkalamzat\u00e1nak k\u00f3dj\u00e1nak k\u00f6zvetlen m\u00e1sol\u00e1s\u00e1val v\u00e1dolni. A t\u00e1mad\u00e1st Andrew Tanenbaum, a MINIX szerz\u0151je h\u00e1r\u00edtotta el, aki egy di\u00e1kot k\u00e9rte fel, hogy k\u00e9sz\u00edtsen r\u00e9szletes \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00e1st a Minix \u00e9s az els\u0151 nyilv\u00e1nos Linux verzi\u00f3k k\u00f3dja k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. A kutat\u00e1s eredm\u00e9nyei csup\u00e1n n\u00e9gy l\u00e9nyegtelen k\u00f3dr\u00e9szlet egyez\u00e9st mutattak ki, amelyeket a POSIX \u00e9s az ANSI C k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyei indokoltak.    <\/p>\n<p>Eredetileg Linus a kernel Freax n\u00e9vre gondolt, a 'free', 'freak' \u00e9s az X (Unix) szavakb\u00f3l. Azonban a 'Linux' nevet Ari Lemmke, Linus k\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re, aki fekete-feh\u00e9r egyetemi FTP szerver\u00e9re felt\u00f6lt\u00f6tte a kernelt, adta neki, \u00e9s a mappa nev\u00e9t nem 'freax'-nak h\u00edvta, ahogy Torvalds k\u00e9rte, hanem 'linux'-nak. \u00c9rdekes, hogy William Della Croce tal\u00e1l\u00e9kony v\u00e1llalkoz\u00f3 siker\u00fclt bejegyeznie a Linux v\u00e9djegyet, \u00e9s id\u0151vel jutal\u00e9kot akart szedni, de k\u00e9s\u0151bb meggondolta mag\u00e1t, \u00e9s \u00e1truh\u00e1zta az \u00f6sszes jogot Linusra. A Linux kernel hivatalos kabal\u00e1ja, a Tux pingvin, egy 1996-os versenyt k\u00f6vet\u0151en lett kiv\u00e1lasztva. A Tux n\u00e9v a Torvalds UniX r\u00f6vid\u00edt\u00e9sek\u00e9nt \u00e9rtelmezhet\u0151.    <\/p>\n<p>1.0.0 \u2014 1994 m\u00e1rcius, 176 ezer sor k\u00f3d;  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> 0.0.1 \u2014 1991 szeptember, 10 ezer sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 1.0.0 \u2014 1994 m\u00e1rcius, 176 ezer sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 1.2.0 \u2014 1995 m\u00e1rcius, 311 ezer sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.0.0 \u2014 1996 j\u00fanius, 778 ezer sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.2.0 \u2014 1999 janu\u00e1r, 1,8 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.4.0 \u2014 2001 janu\u00e1r, 3,4 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.6.0 \u2014 2003 december, 5,9 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.6.28 \u2014 2008 december, 10,2 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.6.35 \u2014 2010 augusztus, 13,4 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;   <\/li>\n<li> 3.0 \u2014 2011 augusztus, 14,6 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;   <\/li>\n<li> 3.5 \u2014 2012 j\u00falius, 15,5 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;   <\/li>\n<li> 3.10 \u2014 2013 j\u00falius, 15,8 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 3.16 \u2014 2014 augusztus, 17,5 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;   <\/li>\n<li> 4.1 \u2014 2015 j\u00fanius, 19,5 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 4.7 \u2014 2016 j\u00falius, 21,7 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;   <\/li>\n<li> 4.12 \u2014 2017 j\u00falius, 24,1 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;   <\/li>\n<li> 4.18 \u2014 2018 augusztus, 25,3 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;   <\/li>\n<li> 5.2 \u2014 2019 j\u00falius, 26,55 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 5.8 \u2014 2020 augusztus, 28,4 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;   <\/li>\n<li> 5.13 \u2014 2021 j\u00fanius, 29,2 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 5.19 \u2014 2022 augusztus, 30,5 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d;  <\/li>\n<li> 6.4 \u2014 2023 j\u00fanius, 32,9 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d.  <\/li>\n<li> 6.10 \u2014 2024 j\u00falius, 35,1 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d.  <\/li>\n<li> 6.16 \u2014 j\u00falius 2025, 40,8 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d.  <\/li>\n<li> 7.2 \u2014 augusztus 2026, 43,9 milli\u00f3 sor k\u00f3d.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A kernel fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek el\u0151rehalad\u00e1sa:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.0.1 \u2013 1991. szeptember, az els\u0151 nyilv\u00e1nos kiad\u00e1s, amely csak az i386 CPU-t t\u00e1mogatja \u00e9s floppy lemezr\u0151l t\u00f6lthet\u0151 be;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.12 \u2013 1992. janu\u00e1r, a k\u00f3d GPLv2 licenc alatt kezdett el terjedni;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.95 \u2013 1992. m\u00e1rcius, lehet\u0151s\u00e9g biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa az X Window System ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, virtu\u00e1lis mem\u00f3ria \u00e9s swap part\u00edci\u00f3 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1nak bevezet\u00e9se.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.96-0.99 \u2013 1992-1993, a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati stack fejleszt\u00e9se elkezd\u0151d\u00f6tt. Az Ext2 f\u00e1jlrendszer bemutat\u00e1sa, az ELF f\u00e1jlform\u00e1tum t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, hangk\u00e1rtya- \u00e9s SCSI vez\u00e9rl\u0151 meghajt\u00f3k bevezet\u00e9se, kernelm\u00f3dulok \u00e9s a \/proc f\u00e1jlrendszer bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9nek megval\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 1992-ben jelentek meg az els\u0151 SLS \u00e9s Yggdrasil disztrib\u00faci\u00f3k. 1993 nyar\u00e1n megalakult a Slackware \u00e9s a Debian projektek.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 1.0 \u2014 m\u00e1rcius 1994, az els\u0151 hivatalosan stabil kiad\u00e1s;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 1.2 \u2014 m\u00e1rcius 1995, jelent\u0151s n\u00f6veked\u00e9s a meghajt\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ban, Alpha, MIPS \u00e9s SPARC platformok t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati verem b\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9se, csomagsz\u0171r\u0151 megjelen\u00e9se, NFS t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.0 \u2014 1996 j\u00fanius\u00e1ban, t\u00f6bbprocesszoros rendszerek t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa;    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 1997 m\u00e1rcius: megalap\u00edtva a LKML, a Linux kernel fejleszt\u0151inek levelez\u0151list\u00e1ja;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 1998: megjelent az els\u0151 Linux alap\u00fa klaszter a Top500-on, amely 68 Alpha CPU-b\u00f3l \u00e1llt;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.2 \u2014 1999 janu\u00e1r, megn\u00f6velt mem\u00f3ria kezel\u00e9s hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g; <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IPv6 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">IPv6 t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s<\/a>, \u00faj t\u0171zfal ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre, \u00faj hangrendszert mutattak be;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.4 \u2014 2001 febru\u00e1r, 8-processzoros rendszerek \u00e9s 64 GB RAM t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, Ext3 f\u00e1jlrendszer, USB, ACPI t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.6 \u2014 2003 december, SELinux t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s, kernel param\u00e9terek automatikus be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak eszk\u00f6zei, sysfs, \u00e1tdolgozott mem\u00f3ria kezel\u00e9s;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 2005-ben bemutat\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt a Xen hipervizor, amely megnyitotta a virtualiz\u00e1ci\u00f3 kor\u00e1t;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 2008 szeptember\u00e9ben alakult meg az els\u0151 Android platform kiad\u00e1s, amely a Linux kernel alapjaira \u00e9p\u00fclt;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 2011 j\u00falius\u00e1ban, 10 \u00e9v fejleszt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n a 2.6.x \u00e1gr\u00f3l \u00e1tt\u00e9rtek a 3.x verzi\u00f3sz\u00e1moz\u00e1sra. A Git-t\u00e1rhelyen a t\u00e1rgyak sz\u00e1ma el\u00e9rte a 2 milli\u00f3t;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 2015-ben megjelent a Linux 4.0 kernel. A Git-t\u00e1rhelyen a Git-objektumok sz\u00e1ma el\u00e9rte a 4 milli\u00f3t;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 2018 \u00e1prilis\u00e1ban a kernel Git-t\u00e1rhely\u00e9n \u00e1tl\u00e9pt\u00fck a 6 milli\u00f3 Git-objektumot.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 2019 janu\u00e1rj\u00e1ban megalakult a Linux 5.0 kernel \u00e1ga. A t\u00e1rol\u00f3 el\u00e9rte a 6,5 milli\u00f3 Git-objektumot.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A 2020 augusztus\u00e1ban kiadott 5.8-as kernel lett a legnagyobb a projekt t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9ben v\u00e9grehajtott v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1t tekintve.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Az 5.13-as kernelben rekordot d\u00f6nt\u00f6tt a fejleszt\u0151k sz\u00e1ma (2150), akiknek a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sai beker\u00fcltek a kernelbe.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 2022 augusztus\u00e1ban megalakult a Linux kernel 6.0 \u00e1ga, mivel az 5.x \u00e1gon elegend\u0151 kiad\u00e1s gy\u0171lt \u00f6ssze az els\u0151 sz\u00e1mjegy v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a verzi\u00f3sz\u00e1mban.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A 2022 december\u00e9ben megjelent 6.1 kernelbe beker\u00fclt a Rust nyelv haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak lehet\u0151s\u00e9ge mint m\u00e1sodik nyelv a driverek \u00e9s kernel modulok fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 2025 febru\u00e1rj\u00e1ban el\u00e9rt\u00fck a 40 milli\u00f3 sor forr\u00e1sk\u00f3dot.\n<li class=\"l\"> A Rust t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s \u00e1tker\u00fclt a k\u00eds\u00e9rleti jellegb\u0151l a Linux kernel f\u0151 funkci\u00f3i k\u00f6z\u00e9.\n<li class=\"l\"> 2026-ban megfigyelhet\u0151 volt az AI-eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak n\u00f6veked\u00e9se a hibakeres\u00e9sben, a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sok ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9ben, a hib\u00e1k azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban \u00e9s a jav\u00edt\u00e1sok kidolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1ban a kernelben. T\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt Linus Torvalds is elkezdte haszn\u00e1lni az AI-t, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a k\u00f6zelm\u00faltban az Intel Xe driver probl\u00e9m\u00e1inak okainak felt\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1ra.      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 65%-\u00e1t a 20 legakt\u00edvabb c\u00e9g v\u00e9gezte el a kernelben. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a 7.1 kernel fejleszt\u00e9se sor\u00e1n a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok 9.1%-\u00e1t (egy \u00e9ve a 6.16 kernelben 11.3% volt) az Intel k\u00e9sz\u00edtette, 7.7% (6.3%) \u2014 a Google, 5.2% (5.4%) \u2014 az AMD, 5.0% (3.6%) \u2014 a Qualcomm, 4.7% (7.6%) \u2014 a Red Hat, 3.8% (2.4%) \u2014 a NVIDIA, 3.4% (2.9%) \u2014 a Meta, 2.9% (3.0%) \u2014 a SUSE, 2.5% (2.9%) \u2014 az Oracle, 2.1% (2.3%) \u2014 az ARM, 1.4% (1.4%) \u2014 az IBM, 1.3% (2.4%) \u2014 a Huawei. A v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok 18%-\u00e1t (15.3%) f\u00fcggetlen r\u00e9sztvev\u0151k vagy fejleszt\u0151k k\u00e9sz\u00edtett\u00e9k, akik egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en nem nyilatkoztak a munk\u00e1jukr\u00f3l bizonyos c\u00e9gek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. A 7.1 kernelbe hozz\u00e1adott sorok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ban a Meta, az AMD \u00e9s a Qualcomm vezetik a sort, r\u00e9szesed\u00e9s\u00fck 15.8%, 13.8% \u00e9s 7.6% volt (a 6.16 kernelben az Intel, a Red Hat \u00e9s a Google \u00e9len j\u00e1rtak, r\u00e9szesed\u00e9s\u00fck 9.2%, 7.2% \u00e9s 6.9% volt).<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=66133\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 21-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 comp.os.minix \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f bash 1.08 \u0438 gcc 1.40. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 17 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e 0.0.1 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 62 \u041a\u0431 \u0432 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 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