{"id":29999,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:07","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:07","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:07","slug":"kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","title":{"rendered":"A kompakt lemez 40 \u00e9ves, \u00e9s halott (vagy?)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"A
\nA Philips player prototype, Elektuur magazine No. 188, June 1979, Public domain mark 1.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

A compact disc is 40 years old, and for those of us who remember its inception, it remains a mysterious achievement of high technology even now, when this medium has had to make way under the pressure of streaming services.<\/p>\n

If one were to pinpoint the moment when digital technology began to displace analog in consumer electronics, the arrival of the CD can certainly be considered such a moment. In the mid-seventies, the most desired electronic devices were the analog video cassette recorder and the CB radio station, but with the release of the first home computers and laser players, the dreams of those striving to be 'ahead of the curve' suddenly changed. The CD player turned out to be the first household electronic device to contain a small but genuine laser, which at the time seemed something fantastic, simply unreal. Today, new technologies entering the market do not create such an effect; they are regarded as something that appears and disappears 'in its own time.'<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Where did it come from?<\/h1>\n

\nA CD format's origins can be traced back to the latest video recording methods of its time, which developers also aimed to adapt for high-quality audio recording. At Sony, they attempted to modify a video tape recorder for digital audio recording, while Philips worked on recording audio in an analog format on optical discs similar to those already being used for video storage. Subsequently, engineers from both companies concluded that recording on optical discs in a digital format was the better approach. Today, this conclusion seems obvious, but it was not reached easily back then. After developing two incompatible but very similar formats, Sony and Philips began to collaborate, and by 1979, they unveiled prototypes of a player and a 120-millimeter disc that could hold more than an hour of 16-bit stereo sound with a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz. Scientific and popular literature attributed an incredible futuristic quality to this new technology, exaggerating its capabilities. Television programs promised that these discs would be \"indestructible\" compared to vinyl records, further fueling interest in them. The dazzling silver-cased Philips player with top-loading looked stunning, but the first models of these devices only reached store shelves in 1982.<\/p>\n

Hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik?<\/h1>\n

\nAlthough users felt that the operating principle of the CD player was excessively complex and incomprehensible, in reality, everything was surprisingly simple and clear. Especially when compared to the analog video tape recorders that many of these players were positioned alongside. By the late eighties, various topics were explained to future electronic engineers using the example of the CD player. Many were already familiar with the format, but not everyone could afford to buy such a player.<\/p>\n

A CD drive's reading head contains surprisingly few moving parts. The module, which includes both a source and a receiver for the emission, is moved by a small electric motor through a worm gear. The IR laser shines into a prism that reflects the beam at a 90\u00b0 angle. The lens focuses the beam, and after reflecting off the disk, it returns through the same lens back to the prism, this time maintaining its direction and reaching an array of four photodiodes. The focusing mechanism consists of a magnet and windings. With proper tracking and focusing, the highest intensity of emission is achieved at the center of the array, while tracking errors cause a displacement of the spot and focusing errors lead to its expansion. The automation regulates the position of the reading head, focusing, and rotation speed to produce an analog signal from which digital data can be extracted at the required rate.<\/p>\n

\"A
\nA reading head device with explanations, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Bits are combined into frames, to which modulation was applied during recording, EFM (eight-to-fourteen modulation)<\/a><\/noindex>, which helps to avoid solitary zeros and ones; for example, the sequence 000100010010000100 is transformed into 111000011100000111. After passing the frames through a lookup table, a stream of 16-bit data is obtained, which undergoes Reed-Solomon correction and is then fed to the DAC. Although different manufacturers have made various enhancements to this system over the years, the main part of the device remained a quite simple optoelectronic module.<\/p>\n

What happened to it afterwards?<\/h1>\n

\nA kilencvenes \u00e9vekben a form\u00e1tum a nagyszer\u0171b\u0151l \u00e9s el\u0151kel\u0151b\u0151l t\u00f6megek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra el\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt. Az lej\u00e1tsz\u00f3k \u00e1rban jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kkentek, \u00e9s megjelentek a hordozhat\u00f3 modellek. A lemezlej\u00e1tsz\u00f3k kezdt\u00e9k kiszor\u00edtani a kazett\u00e1sokat a zsebekb\u0151l. Ugyanez t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt a CD-ROM-mal is, \u00e9s a kilencvenes \u00e9vek m\u00e1sodik fel\u00e9ben neh\u00e9z volt elk\u00e9pzelni egy \u00faj sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pet CD-\u00edr\u00f3 n\u00e9lk\u00fcl \u00e9s egy multim\u00e9di\u00e1s enciklop\u00e9di\u00e1val a csomagol\u00e1sban. A Vist 1000HM sem volt kiv\u00e9tel \u2013 egy st\u00edlusos sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p be\u00e9p\u00edtett hangsz\u00f3r\u00f3kkal, FM r\u00e1di\u00f3val \u00e9s kompakt IR billenty\u0171zettel, be\u00e9p\u00edtett joystick-kal, ami \u00f3ri\u00e1si t\u00e1vir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00f3ra eml\u00e9keztetett egy zenei k\u00f6zpontt\u00f3l. \u00d6sszess\u00e9g\u00e9ben minden megjelen\u00e9s\u00e9vel azt ki\u00e1ltotta, hogy az irod\u00e1ba nem val\u00f3, hanem otthoni k\u00f6rnyezetbe k\u00edv\u00e1nkozik, \u00e9s a zenei k\u00f6zpont hely\u00e9re p\u00e1ly\u00e1zik. J\u00e1rt hozz\u00e1 a \u201eNautilus Pompilius\u201d egy\u00fcttes lemeze, 4 bites monofonikus WAV f\u00e1jlokkal, amelyek kis helyet foglaltak el. Volt speci\u00e1lisabb technika is, mely CD-t haszn\u00e1lt adathordoz\u00f3k\u00e9nt, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Philips CD-i \u00e9s a Commodore Amiga CDTV, valamint a Video CD lej\u00e1tsz\u00f3k, a Sega Mega CD eszk\u00f6z a Mega Drive\/Genesis konzolokhoz, a 3DO \u00e9s a Play Station (az els\u0151)\u2026<\/p>\n

\"A
\nCommodore Amiga CDTV, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

\"A
\nA Vist Black Jack II sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p, amely k\u00fclsej\u00e9re nem k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zik a Vist 1000HM-t\u00f3l, itWeek, (163)39`1998<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

M\u00edg a gazdagok mindezt felfedezt\u00e9k, \u00faj t\u00e9ma ker\u00fclt el\u0151t\u00e9rbe: a lehet\u0151s\u00e9g, hogy otthon k\u00e9sz\u00edthess\u00fcnk kompaktlemezeket. Ism\u00e9t a fantasztikus szag\u00e1t \u00e9rezt\u00fck. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny boldog \u00edr\u00f3meghajt\u00f3 tulajdonosa pr\u00f3b\u00e1lta visszahozni a k\u00f6lts\u00e9geiket, hirdetve: \"Megcsin\u00e1lom a merevlemezed backupj\u00e1t CD-re, olcs\u00f3n\". Ez egy coincid\u00e1l\u00e1ssal esett egybe az MP3 t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edtett audioform\u00e1tum megjelen\u00e9s\u00e9vel, amikor megjelentek az els\u0151 MPMan \u00e9s Diamond Rio lej\u00e1tsz\u00f3k. Azok azonban m\u00e9g dr\u00e1ga flash mem\u00f3ria haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val m\u0171k\u00f6dtek, viszont a kompakt CD-s Lenoxx MP-786 igazi sl\u00e1ger lett \u2014 \u00e9s t\u00f6k\u00e9letesen olvasta a saj\u00e1t k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s\u0171 \u00e9s a k\u00e9sz MP3 f\u00e1jlokat tartalmaz\u00f3 lemezeket. A Napster \u00e9s hasonl\u00f3 forr\u00e1sok hamarosan a lemezkiad\u00f3 c\u00e9gek \u00e1ldozat\u00e1ul estek, akik azonban ek\u00f6zben figyelni kezdt\u00e9k az \u00faj form\u00e1tumot is. Az els\u0151 licencelt MP3 lemezt a 'Kremat\u00f3rium' egy\u00fcttes adta ki, \u00e9s a legt\u00f6bben ezt a lej\u00e1tsz\u00f3t haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k a hallgat\u00e1shoz. A ford\u00edt\u00f3nak valaha alkalma ad\u00f3dott belem\u00e1szni az egyik ilyen lej\u00e1tsz\u00f3ba, hogy megsz\u00fcntessen egy hib\u00e1t, ami a lemez \u00e9s a fed\u00e9l s\u00farl\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1t okozta. Az Apple els\u0151 iPodjainak megjelen\u00e9se, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tett\u00e9k az albumok v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s\u00e1t a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p k\u00e9perny\u0151j\u00e9n l\u00e9v\u0151 k\u00e9nyelmes fel\u00fcleten, arra \u00f6szt\u00f6n\u00f6zte a zenei kiad\u00f3kat, hogy v\u00e9gleg elhagyj\u00e1k a t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00edtett audioform\u00e1tumokkal val\u00f3 k\u00fczdelmet, hogy hasznot h\u00fazhassanak bel\u0151l\u00fck. Ezut\u00e1n okostelefonok szinte teljesen kiszor\u00edtott\u00e1k az egyes MP3 lej\u00e1tsz\u00f3kat, m\u00e9g gyorsabban, mint ahogy azok a CD-ket szor\u00edtott\u00e1k ki, \u00e9s most a vinyl \u00e9s kazett\u00e1k \u00fajj\u00e1\u00e9lednek. Halott a kompakt lemez? Val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg nem, hiszen a meghajt\u00f3k \u00e9s a hordoz\u00f3k gy\u00e1rt\u00e1sa egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem sz\u0171nt meg. Nem z\u00e1rhat\u00f3 ki, hogy egy \u00faj nosztalgia hull\u00e1m fel\u00e9leszti ezt a form\u00e1tumot is.
\n
Forr\u00e1s: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f Philips, \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b Elektuur \u2116188, \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044c 1979, Public domain mark 1.0 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443 40 \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47A kompakt lemez 40 \u00e9ves, \u00e9s halott (vagy m\u00e9gsem?) | ProHoster","description":"A Philips lej\u00e1tsz\u00f3 protot\u00edpusa, Elektuur magazin.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"hu_HU","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c 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