{"id":30031,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/linux-foundation-zajmetsya-open-source-chipami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:20","slug":"linux-foundation-zajmetsya-open-source-chipami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/linux-foundation-zajmetsya-open-source-chipami","title":{"rendered":"A Linux Foundation az open source chippekkel foglalkozik","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A Linux Foundation \u00faj ir\u00e1nyt nyitott \u2014 CHIPS Alliance. A projekt keretein bel\u00fcl a szervezet a RISC-V parancsok szabad rendszer\u00e9t \u00e9s az azok alapj\u00e1n k\u00e9sz\u00fclt processzorok technol\u00f3gi\u00e1it fejleszti. R\u00e9szletesebben besz\u00e1molunk arr\u00f3l, mi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik ezen a ter\u00fcleten.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/it-grad\/blog\/444664\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A Linux Foundation az open source chippekkel foglalkozik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/1462a91d6041c6aa6c2fdb4267ecbd92.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/120586634@N05\/32418936265\/\">Gareth Halfacree<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/\">CC BY-SA<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Mi\u00e9rt j\u00f6tt l\u00e9tre a CHIPS Alliance<\/h2>\n<p>\nA Meltdown \u00e9s Spectre ellen v\u00e9d\u0151 jav\u00edt\u00e1sok egyes esetekben <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tomshardware.com\/news\/linux-spectre-patch-50-percent-performance-penalty,38099.html\">50%-kal cs\u00f6kkentik a szerverek teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t. Ek\u00f6zben \u00fajabb vari\u00e1ci\u00f3k jelennek meg a sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9gek ter\u00e9n, amelyek a spekulat\u00edv v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sb\u00f3l fakadnak. Az egyik\u00fckr\u0151l<\/a><\/noindex> m\u00e1rcius elej\u00e9n \u00e9rtes\u00fcltek a szakemberek, akiket Spoilernek neveztek el. Ez a helyzet a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1903.00446.pdf\">meglev\u0151 hardvermegold\u00e1sok \u00e9s fejleszt\u00e9si megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9sek fel\u00fclvizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1nak sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9g\u00e9re hat\u00e1ssal van. K\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az Intel<\/a><\/noindex> m\u00e1r dolgozik <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/3299477\/solving-spectre-and-meltdown-may-ultimately-require-an-entirely-new-type-of-processor.html\">vita<\/a><\/noindex> \u00faj architekt\u00far\u00e1k kifejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9n, amelyek nem \u00e9rz\u00e9kenyek a Meltdownra \u00e9s Spectre-re. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/hackaday.com\/2018\/12\/12\/intel-announces-faster-processor-patched-for-meltdown-and-spectre\/\">A Linux Foundation sem maradt t\u00e9tlen. A szervezet saj\u00e1t kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9st ind\u00edtott \u2014 CHIPS Alliance \u2014 amelynek r\u00e9sztvev\u0151i a RISC-V alap\u00fa processzorok fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9vel foglalkoznak.<\/a><\/noindex> Milyen projekteket fejlesztenek m\u00e1r<\/p>\n<p>A CHIPS Alliance tagjai k\u00f6z\u00f6tt szerepel a Google, a Western Digital (WD) \u00e9s a SiFive. Mindegyik\u00fck bemutatta a saj\u00e1t fejleszt\u00e9seit. Ismertess\u00fck meg n\u00e9h\u00e1nyat ezek k\u00f6z\u00fcl.<\/p>\n<h2>RISCV-DV<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A keres\u0151\u00f3ri\u00e1s egy ny\u00edlt forr\u00e1s\u00fa platformot bocs\u00e1tott rendelkez\u00e9sre a RISC-V alap\u00fa processzorok tesztel\u00e9s\u00e9re. A megold\u00e1s v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171en<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h5>gener\u00e1lja<\/h5>\n<p>\nazokat a parancsokat, amelyek <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/google\/riscv-dv\">ellen\u0151rzik az eszk\u00f6z m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t: tesztelik az \u00e1tmeneti folyamatokat, a h\u00edv\u00e1si verem,<\/a><\/noindex> CSR <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/content.riscv.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/14.25-Tao-Liu-Richard-Ho-UVM-based-RISC-V-Processor-Verification-Platform.pdf\">lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik<\/a><\/noindex> -regisztereket \u00e9s m\u00e1sokat. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Control\/Status_Register\">\u00cdgy n\u00e9z ki egy oszt\u00e1ly<\/a><\/noindex>, amely egyszer\u0171 aritmetikai utas\u00edt\u00e1sok tesztel\u00e9s\u00e9t v\u00e9gzi:<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/google\/riscv-dv\/blob\/master\/test\/riscv_instr_test_lib.sv\">class riscv_arithmetic_basic_test extends riscv_instr_base_test;\n\n  `uvm_component_utils(riscv_arithmetic_basic_test)\n  `uvm_component_new\n\n  virtual function void randomize_cfg();\n    cfg.instr_cnt = 10000;\n    cfg.num_of_sub_program = 0;\n    cfg.no_fence = 1;\n    cfg.no_data_page = 1'b1;\n    cfg.no_branch_jump = 1'b1;\n    `DV_CHECK_RANDOMIZE_WITH_FATAL(cfg,\n                                   init_privileged_mode == MACHINE_MODE;\n                                   max_nested_loop == 0;)\n    `uvm_info(`gfn, $sformatf(\"riscv_instr_gen_config is randomized:n%0s\",\n                    cfg.sprint()), UVM_LOW)\n  endfunction\n\nendclass<\/a><\/noindex>A fejleszt\u0151k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a platform azzal k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zik a hasonl\u00f3kt\u00f3l, hogy lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az \u00f6sszes chipkomponens, bele\u00e9rtve a mem\u00f3riaegys\u00e9get is, sorozatos ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cpp\">OmniXtend protokoll\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nA <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/content.riscv.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/14.25-Tao-Liu-Richard-Ho-UVM-based-RISC-V-Processor-Verification-Platform.pdf\">szavak<\/a><\/noindex> Ez a WD \u00e1ltal kifejlesztett h\u00e1l\u00f3zati protokoll biztos\u00edtja a cache koherenci\u00e1t az Etherneten kereszt\u00fcli adat\u00e1tvitel sor\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h5>OmniXtend<\/h5>\n<p>\nEz egy h\u00e1l\u00f3zati protokoll a WD-t\u0151l, amely biztos\u00edtja a cache k\u00f6vetkezetess\u00e9g\u00e9t az Etherneten t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 adat\u00e1tvitel sor\u00e1n. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/westerndigitalcorporation\/omnixtend\">OmniXtend<\/a><\/noindex> lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl kommunik\u00e1ljon a processzor gyors\u00edt\u00f3t\u00e1r\u00e1val, \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le gyors\u00edt\u00f3k, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul GPU vagy FPGA csatlakoztat\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. A RISC-V t\u00f6bbchip-alap\u00fa rendszerek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra is alkalmas.<\/p>\n<p>A protokoll m\u00e1r t\u00e1mogatott <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/westerndigitalcorporation\/swerv_eh1\">a SweRV chipekkel<\/a><\/noindex>, amelyek az adatk\u00f6zpontok adatfeldolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra orient\u00e1ltak. A SweRV egy 32 bites, k\u00e9tsoros szuperk\u00e1l\u00e1ris processzor, amely 28 nanom\u00e9teres gy\u00e1rt\u00e1si technol\u00f3gi\u00e1val k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. Minden cs\u0151vezet\u00e9k kilenc szinttel rendelkezik, ami lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi t\u00f6bb utas\u00edt\u00e1s egyidej\u0171 bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t. Az eszk\u00f6z 1,8 GHz-es frekvenci\u00e1n m\u0171k\u00f6dik.<\/p>\n<h5>A Rocket Chip gener\u00e1tor<\/h5>\n<p>\na SiFive megold\u00e1sa, amelyet a RISC-V technol\u00f3gia fejleszt\u0151i alap\u00edtottak. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/freechipsproject\/rocket-chip\">A Rocket Chip<\/a><\/noindex> egy RISC-V processzormagok gener\u00e1tora Chisel nyelven. Ez <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www2.eecs.berkeley.edu\/Pubs\/TechRpts\/2016\/EECS-2016-17.pdf\">jelent\u00e9se<\/a><\/noindex> parametriz\u00e1lt k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rak sorozata, amelyeket l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1shoz haszn\u00e1lnak <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5\">SoC<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Ami a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/freechipsproject\/chisel3\/\">A Chisel<\/a><\/noindex>, ez egy hardverle\u00edr\u00f3 nyelv, amely a Scala alapjain nyugszik. Alacsony szint\u0171 Verilog k\u00f3dot gener\u00e1l, amely <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/chisel.eecs.berkeley.edu\/\">alkalmas<\/a><\/noindex> ASIC \u00e9s FPGA feldolgoz\u00e1shoz k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. \u00cdgy lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az OOP alapelvek alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1t a fejleszt\u00e9s sor\u00e1n. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87\">RTL<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h2>Az Alliansz kil\u00e1t\u00e1sai<\/h2>\n<p>\nA szak\u00e9rt\u0151k v\u00e9lem\u00e9nye szerint a Linux Foundation kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9se demokratikusabb\u00e1 \u00e9s nyitottabb\u00e1 teszi a processzorpiacot az \u00faj szerepl\u0151k el\u0151tt. Az IDC szerint <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/devops.com\/linux-foundation-to-host-chips-alliance-project-to-propel-industry-innovation-through-open-source-cpu-chip-and-soc-design\/\">megjegyzi<\/a><\/noindex>, a hasonl\u00f3 projektek n\u00e9pszer\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9nek n\u00f6veked\u00e9se pozit\u00edvan hat a g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1s \u00e9s az AI rendszerek \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A Linux Foundation az open source chippekkel foglalkozik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/9b7ea1fb634f7fc1e258d38e2fe96398.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>\/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/130561288@N04\/46764481872\">Fritzchens Fritz<\/a><\/noindex> PD<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Az open source processzorok fejleszt\u00e9se szint\u00e9n lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a testreszabott chipek tervez\u00e9si k\u00f6lts\u00e9geinek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9t. Ez azonban csak akkor fog bek\u00f6vetkezni, ha a Linux Foundation k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9ge elegend\u0151 fejleszt\u0151t vonz.<\/p>\n<h2>Hasonl\u00f3 projektek<\/h2>\n<p>\nAz ny\u00edlt hardverrel kapcsolatos projektek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9n m\u00e1s szervezetek is dolgoznak. P\u00e9lda erre a CXL konzorcium, amely m\u00e1rcius k\u00f6zep\u00e9n mutatta be a Compute Express Link szabv\u00e1nyt. A technol\u00f3gia az OmniXtend anal\u00f3gja, \u00e9s szint\u00e9n a CPU, GPU \u00e9s FPGA \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l. Az adatcser\u00e9re a PCIe 5.0 buszt haszn\u00e1lja a szabv\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<p>Egy m\u00e1sik projekt, amely a processzor technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9vel foglalkozik, a MIPS Open, amely 2018 december\u00e9ben indult. A kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9st a Wave Computing ind\u00edtotta. A fejleszt\u0151k tervezik <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wavecomp.ai\/mips-open\/\">megnyitni<\/a><\/noindex> az IT k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a leg\u00fajabb 32 \u00e9s 64 bites MIPS utas\u00edt\u00e1sk\u00e9szletek hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9t. A projekt ind\u00edt\u00e1sa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sensorsmag.com\/embedded\/mips-open-advisory-board-open-for-biz\">v\u00e1rhat\u00f3<\/a><\/noindex> a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 h\u00f3napokban v\u00e1rhat\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1ltal\u00e1noss\u00e1gban elmondhat\u00f3, hogy az open source megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s nemcsak a szoftverek, hanem a hardverek eset\u00e9ben is elterjedtt\u00e9 v\u00e1lik. Az ilyen projekteket nagy v\u00e1llalatok t\u00e1mogatj\u00e1k. Ez\u00e9rt v\u00e1rhat\u00f3, hogy a k\u00f6zelj\u00f6v\u0151ben a piacon t\u00f6bb olyan eszk\u00f6z jelenik meg, amelyek ny\u00edlt hardveres szabv\u00e1nyokon alapulnak.<\/p>\n<p>\nFriss bejegyz\u00e9sek a v\u00e1llalati blogunkb\u00f3l:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/iaas-blog.it-grad.ru\/novosti\/chto-nuzhno-znat-o-pci-dss-obzor-standarta\/\">Amit a PCI DSS-r\u0151l tudni \u00e9rdemes: a szabv\u00e1ny \u00e1ttekint\u00e9se<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/iaas-blog.it-grad.ru\/tendencii\/mir-do-i-posle-kak-izmenilas-zhizn-s-nastupleniem-dns-flag-day\/\">A vil\u00e1g a DNS Flag Day el\u0151tt \u00e9s ut\u00e1n. Hogyan v\u00e1ltozott meg az \u00e9let a DNS Flag Day elj\u00f6vetel\u00e9vel<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/iaas-blog.it-grad.ru\/funkcionalnost\/posleavarijnoe-vosstanovlenie-kak-usluga-disaster-recovery-as-a-service\/\">Katasztr\u00f3fa ut\u00e1ni helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s mint szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s: amit tudni \u00e9rdemes<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\ud83e\udd47Open Rack v3: mit v\u00e1rhatunk az \u00faj szerver\u00e1llv\u00e1ny architekt\u00fara szabv\u00e1nyt\u00f3l | ProHoster<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/iaasblog\/201\">Hogyan kezelj\u00fck a hardvert az adatk\u00f6zpontban \u2014 k\u00e9t \u00faj technol\u00f3gia<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/iaasblog\/194\">Hogyan v\u00e9d egy IaaS-szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3 az \u00fcgyfelek adatait<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/iaasblog\/190\">Mi\u00e9rt volt sz\u00fcks\u00e9g a VMware vSphere HTML5-\u00f6s kliens\u00e9re?<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/it-grad\/blog\/444664\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux Foundation \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 CHIPS Alliance. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 RISC-V \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0451 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435. \/ \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e Gareth Halfacree CC BY-SA \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f CHIPS Alliance \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 Meltdown \u0438 Spectre, \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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