{"id":30623,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","slug":"klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","title":{"rendered":"Klaszter t\u00e1rol\u00f3 kis web klaszterek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra drbd+ocfs2 alap\u00fa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Mir\u0151l fogunk besz\u00e9lni:<\/b><br \/>\nHogyan hozhatunk l\u00e9tre gyorsan k\u00f6z\u00f6s t\u00e1rol\u00f3t k\u00e9t szerver sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra drbd+ocfs2 megold\u00e1sok alapj\u00e1n. <\/p>\n<p><b>Kinek lesz ez hasznos:<\/b><br \/>\nEz a \u00fatmutat\u00f3 hasznos lesz rendszeradminisztr\u00e1toroknak \u00e9s mindenkinek, aki t\u00e1rol\u00e1si megold\u00e1st keres vagy ki szeretn\u00e9 pr\u00f3b\u00e1lni a megold\u00e1st.<\/p>\n<h3>Milyen megold\u00e1sokr\u00f3l mondtunk le, \u00e9s mi\u00e9rt<\/h3>\n<p>\nGyakran tal\u00e1lkozunk olyan helyzettel, amikor egy kis webklaszterben egy k\u00f6z\u00f6s t\u00e1rol\u00f3t kell megval\u00f3s\u00edtanunk, amely j\u00f3 olvas\u00e1si-\u00edr\u00e1si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nnyel b\u00edr. K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6s t\u00e1rol\u00e1si megold\u00e1sokat pr\u00f3b\u00e1ltunk ki projektjeink sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, de kev\u00e9s dolog felelt meg t\u00f6bb szempontb\u00f3l azonnal. Most elmondjuk, mi\u00e9rt.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A Glusterfs nem volt megfelel\u0151 sz\u00e1munkra olvas\u00e1si \u00e9s \u00edr\u00e1si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l; probl\u00e9m\u00e1k mer\u00fcltek fel, amikor nagy mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 f\u00e1jl egyidej\u0171 olvas\u00e1s\u00e1ra ker\u00fclt sor, \u00e9s a CPU terhel\u00e9se is magas volt. A f\u00e1jlok olvas\u00e1si probl\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1t k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a brickekb\u0151l val\u00f3 k\u00e9r\u00e9ssel meg lehetett volna oldani, de ez nem mindig alkalmazhat\u00f3, \u00e9s \u00f6sszess\u00e9g\u00e9ben nem helyes. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A Ceph t\u00falzott bonyolults\u00e1ga miatt nem tetszett nek\u00fcnk, ami k\u00e1ros lehet a 2-4 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti projekteken, <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"szerverek\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3413\">szerverek<\/a>, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen, ha a projektet k\u00e9s\u0151bb karbantartj\u00e1k. Ism\u00e9t komoly teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nykorl\u00e1tok is vannak, amelyek k\u00fcl\u00f6n t\u00e1rol\u00f3 klaszterek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra k\u00e9nyszer\u00edtenek, mint a glusterfs eset\u00e9ben. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Egyetlen nfs szerver haszn\u00e1lata k\u00f6z\u00f6s t\u00e1rol\u00f3 l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz k\u00e9rd\u00e9seket vet fel a megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Az s3 egy remek, n\u00e9pszer\u0171 megold\u00e1s bizonyos feladatok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, de nem f\u00e1jlrendszer, ami korl\u00e1tozza a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si ter\u00fcletet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lsyncd. Ha m\u00e1r a \u201enem f\u00e1jlrendszerekr\u0151l\u201d besz\u00e9l\u00fcnk, \u00e9rdemes megeml\u00edteni ezt a n\u00e9pszer\u0171 megold\u00e1st is. Nemcsak az a probl\u00e9ma, hogy nem alkalmas k\u00e9tir\u00e1ny\u00fa adatcser\u00e9re (de ha nagyon akarjuk, megoldhat\u00f3), de r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul nem m\u0171k\u00f6dik stabilan nagy mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 f\u00e1jl eset\u00e9n. Kellemes kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151, hogy egysz\u00e1l\u00fa. Az ok az alkalmaz\u00e1s architekt\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1ban rejlik: inotify-t haszn\u00e1l a figyelt objektumok monitoroz\u00e1s\u00e1ra, amelyeket ind\u00edt\u00e1skor \u00e9s \u00fajraolvas\u00e1skor k\u00f6zel\u00edt. Az adat\u00e1tvitelhez rsync-et haszn\u00e1l. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u00datmutat\u00f3: hogyan hozzunk l\u00e9tre k\u00f6z\u00f6s t\u00e1rol\u00f3t drbd+ocfs2 alapj\u00e1n<\/h3>\n<p>\nAz egyik legk\u00e9nyelmesebb megold\u00e1s sz\u00e1munkra az <b>ocfs2+drbd<\/b>\u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s volt. Most elmondjuk, hogyan lehet gyorsan l\u00e9trehozni egy k\u00f6z\u00f6s t\u00e1rol\u00f3t k\u00e9t sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/server\/\"   title=\"szerverek\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1291\">szerverek<\/a> az adatmegold\u00e1sok alapj\u00e1n. De el\u0151sz\u00f6r n\u00e9h\u00e1ny sz\u00f3 az \u00f6sszetev\u0151kr\u0151l:<\/p>\n<p><b>DRBD<\/b> \u2014 a Linux alap\u00e9rtelmezett t\u00e1rol\u00e1si rendszere, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az adatok blokkszint\u0171 replik\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t a szerverek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. F\u0151 alkalmaz\u00e1sa hibamentes t\u00e1rol\u00f3k l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ban rejlik.<\/p>\n<p><b>OCFS2<\/b> \u2014 egy f\u00e1jlrendszer, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy t\u00f6bb rendszer megossza ugyanazt a t\u00e1rol\u00f3t. A Linux mellett \u00e9rkezik, \u00e9s egy kernelmodulb\u00f3l, valamint userspace eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kb\u0151l \u00e1ll a f\u00e1jlrendszer kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re. Az OCFS2 nemcsak DRBD-fel haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3, hanem iSCSI-n is, t\u00f6bb csatlakoz\u00e1ssal. A p\u00e9ld\u00e1nkban DRBD-t haszn\u00e1lunk.<\/p>\n<p>Minden m\u0171velet az Ubuntu Server 18.04 minim\u00e1lis konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1ban t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik.<\/p>\n<p><b>1. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. A DRBD be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa:<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nA f\u00e1jlban \/etc\/drbd.d\/drbd0.res \u00edrjuk le virtu\u00e1lis blokkeszk\u00f6z\u00fcnket \/dev\/drbd0:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resource drbd0 {\n    syncer { rate 1000M; }\n    net {\n        allow-two-primaries;\n        after-sb-0pri discard-zero-changes;\n        after-sb-1pri discard-secondary;\n        after-sb-2pri disconnect;\n    }\n    startup { become-primary-on both; }\n    on drbd1 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.192:7789;\n}\n    on drbd2 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.193:7789;\n}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<i>meta-disk internal<\/i> \u2014 ugyanazokat a blokk eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket haszn\u00e1lni a metainform\u00e1ci\u00f3k t\u00e1rol\u00e1s\u00e1ra<br \/>\n<i>device \/dev\/drbd0<\/i> \u2014 a \/dev\/drbd0 \u00fatvonalat drbd eset\u00e9n haszn\u00e1lni.<br \/>\n<i>disk \/dev\/vdb1<\/i> \u2014 a \/dev\/vdb1 haszn\u00e1lata <br \/>\n<i>syncer { rate 1000M; }<\/i> \u2014 gigabites s\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9get haszn\u00e1lni<br \/>\n<i>allow-two-primaries<\/i> \u2014 fontos opci\u00f3, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sokat k\u00e9t primary szerveren elfogadj\u00e1k<br \/>\n<i>after-sb-0pri, after-sb-1pri, after-sb-2pri<\/i> \u2014 opci\u00f3k, amelyek a csom\u00f3pont tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9\u00e9rt felel\u0151sek split brain \u00e9szlel\u00e9sekor. A r\u00e9szletek a dokument\u00e1ci\u00f3ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k.<br \/>\n<i>become-primary-on both<\/i> \u2014 mindk\u00e9t csom\u00f3pontot primary-ra \u00e1ll\u00edtja.<\/p>\n<p>Ebben az esetben k\u00e9t teljesen azonos VM-\u00fcnk van, 10 gigabites s\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9ggel rendelkez\u0151 dedik\u00e1lt virtu\u00e1lis h\u00e1l\u00f3zattal.<\/p>\n<p>A p\u00e9ld\u00e1nkban a klaszter k\u00e9t csom\u00f3pontj\u00e1nak neve drbd1 \u00e9s drbd2. A megfelel\u0151 m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben az \/etc\/hosts f\u00e1jlban a neveknek \u00e9s IP c\u00edmeknek p\u00e1ros\u00edtaniuk kell egym\u00e1st.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">10.10.10.192 drbd1\n10.10.10.193 drbd2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>2. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. A csom\u00f3pontok be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Mindk\u00e9t szerveren v\u00e9grehajtjuk:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm create-md drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klaszter t\u00e1rol\u00f3 kis web klaszterek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra drbd+ocfs2 alap\u00fa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/38b0a4a4fc60ac617abfad6e8f755ae7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">modprobe drbd\ndrbdadm up drbd0\ncat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nA k\u00f6vetkez\u0151t kapjuk:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klaszter t\u00e1rol\u00f3 kis web klaszterek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra drbd+ocfs2 alap\u00fa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/91c48ed32cd1471e4076934d041966d8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA szinkroniz\u00e1l\u00e1s elind\u00edthat\u00f3. Az els\u0151 csom\u00f3ponton v\u00e9gre kell hajtani:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nN\u00e9zz\u00fck meg a st\u00e1tuszt:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klaszter t\u00e1rol\u00f3 kis web klaszterek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra drbd+ocfs2 alap\u00fa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/b94b54b1050595bec774adf6c5190968.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nRemek, elindult a szinkroniz\u00e1l\u00e1s. V\u00e1rjuk meg a befejez\u00e9st, \u00e9s l\u00e1thatjuk az eredm\u00e9nyt:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klaszter t\u00e1rol\u00f3 kis web klaszterek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra drbd+ocfs2 alap\u00fa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/7f9e2d3664d3a578c74e72b8bc4c1a7f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>3. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. A szinkroniz\u00e1l\u00e1s elind\u00edt\u00e1sa a m\u00e1sodik csom\u00f3ponton:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nA k\u00f6vetkez\u0151t kapjuk:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klaszter t\u00e1rol\u00f3 kis web klaszterek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra drbd+ocfs2 alap\u00fa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ad3d616ca84fa26a18574f433bb7d9fe.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMost m\u00e1r mindk\u00e9t szerverr\u0151l \u00edrhatunk a drbd-be.<\/p>\n<p><b>4. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. Az ocfs2 telep\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sa.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Egyszer\u0171 konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3t fogunk haszn\u00e1lni:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cluster:\n     node_count = 2\n     name = ocfs2cluster\n\nnode:\n     number = 1\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.192\n     name = drbd1\n\nnode:\n     number = 2\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.193\n     name = drbd2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEzt fel kell jegyezni <i>\/etc\/ocfs2\/cluster.conf<\/i> mindk\u00e9t noden.<\/p>\n<p>FS-t hozunk l\u00e9tre drbd0-n b\u00e1rmelyik noden:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mkfs.ocfs2 -L \"testVol\" \/dev\/drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nItt a testVol c\u00edmk\u00e9j\u0171 FS-t hoztuk l\u00e9tre drbd0-n, alap\u00e9rtelmezett param\u00e9terekkel.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klaszter t\u00e1rol\u00f3 kis web klaszterek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra drbd+ocfs2 alap\u00fa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d147b91ca6f39d846023d8b5c35a240e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA \/etc\/default\/o2cb f\u00e1jlban be kell \u00e1ll\u00edtani (ahogy a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s f\u00e1jlban van):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">O2CB_ENABLED=true \nO2CB_BOOTCLUSTER=ocfs2cluster <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u00e9s mindk\u00e9t noden v\u00e9gre kell hajtani:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">o2cb register-cluster ocfs2cluster<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEzt k\u00f6vet\u0151en enged\u00e9lyezz\u00fck a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges unitokat \u00e9s hozz\u00e1adjuk az automatikus ind\u00edt\u00e1shoz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl enable drbd o2cb ocfs2\nsystemctl start drbd o2cb ocfs2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEbb\u0151l egy r\u00e9sze m\u00e1r elindul a be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s sor\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><b>5. l\u00e9p\u00e9s. Csatol\u00e1si pontok hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1sa a fstab-hoz mindk\u00e9t noden:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/dev\/drbd0 \/media\/shared ocfs2 defaults,noauto,heartbeat=local 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nK\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> miel\u0151tt ez l\u00e9tre lenne hozva.<\/p>\n<p>Itt a noauto opci\u00f3t haszn\u00e1ljuk, ami azt jelenti, hogy az FS nem fog csatol\u00f3dni ind\u00edt\u00e1skor (\u00e9n ink\u00e1bb a network FS-t systemd-n kereszt\u00fcl csatolom) \u00e9s a heartbeat=local, ami azt jelenti, hogy minden noden a heartbeat szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1st haszn\u00e1ljuk. L\u00e9tezik egy global heartbeat is, ami ink\u00e1bb nagyobb klaszterekhez illeszkedik.<\/p>\n<p>Ezut\u00e1n csatolhatjuk <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> \u00e9s ellen\u0151rizhetj\u00fck a tartalom szinkroniz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><b>K\u00e9sz!<\/b> Ennek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt egy jobb\u00e1ra hibat\u0171r\u0151 t\u00e1rol\u00f3t kapunk a sk\u00e1l\u00e1zhat\u00f3s\u00e1g \u00e9s a megfelel\u0151 teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9vel.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445612\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 drbd+ocfs2. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e: \u0422\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c 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