{"id":31278,"date":"2019-10-31T21:40:25","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/veloinfrastruktura-v-gollandii-kak-eto-rabotaet\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:40:25","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:25","slug":"veloinfrastruktura-v-gollandii-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/veloinfrastruktura-v-gollandii-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hell\u00f3 Habr.<\/p>\n<p>Az ut\u00f3bbi \u00e9vekben Oroszorsz\u00e1g k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 v\u00e1rosaiban egyre nagyobb figyelmet ford\u00edtanak a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ros infrastrukt\u00far\u00e1ra. A folyamat term\u00e9szetesen lassan halad \u00e9s kiss\u00e9 \u201ecsikorogva\u201d \u2013 a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutakon aut\u00f3k parkolnak, gyakran a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutak nem b\u00edrj\u00e1k a t\u00e9li s\u00f3s id\u0151t, \u00e9s elhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3dnak, r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul nem mindenhol lehet fizikailag elhelyezni ezeket a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutakat. \u00d6sszess\u00e9g\u00e9ben vannak probl\u00e9m\u00e1k, de \u00f6rvendetes, hogy legal\u00e1bb pr\u00f3b\u00e1lj\u00e1k megoldani \u0151ket.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9zz\u00fck meg, hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ros infrastrukt\u00fara Hollandi\u00e1ban \u2013 egy olyan orsz\u00e1gban, amelynek r\u00e9g\u00f3ta van ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ros hagyom\u00e1nya, ahol a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok sz\u00e1ma meghaladja a lakoss\u00e1g sz\u00e1m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7bad8ff4e6dca3a8b8f6466e1d507c60.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>A ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r Hollandi\u00e1ban nemcsak k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si eszk\u00f6z, hanem a nemzeti kult\u00fara r\u00e9sze is.<\/i><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutak<\/h2>\n<p>\nHollandi\u00e1ban mindenhol jelen vannak a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutak, \u00e9s ez nem irodalmi t\u00falz\u00e1s. Az orsz\u00e1g szinte b\u00e1rmely pontj\u00e1r\u00f3l eljuthatsz b\u00e1rmelyik m\u00e1sikra, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy le kellene sz\u00e1llnod a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rr\u00f3l. Az utak m\u00e1s sz\u00ednnel vannak kiemelve, \u00edgy neh\u00e9z \u00f6sszekeverni \u0151ket, \u00e9s term\u00e9szetesen nem aj\u00e1nlott gyalogosan k\u00f6zlekedni rajtuk. R\u00e1ad\u00e1sul nem is lehet, a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ros forgalom gyakran el\u00e9gg\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e9nk. <\/p>\n<p>Igyekeznek fizikailag elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edteni a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutakat a j\u00e1rd\u00e1t\u00f3l, b\u00e1r ez nem mindig siker\u00fcl, \u00e9s az utca sz\u00e9less\u00e9g\u00e9t\u0151l f\u00fcgg.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/fed5e38d77ce88e82f503d1153566665.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTerm\u00e9szetesen ezek nem mindig ilyen \u00fcresek, cs\u00facsid\u0151ben ink\u00e1bb \u00edgy n\u00e9z ki:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/40232f19643a878ab7fb705eeb566723.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n(forr\u00e1s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/thecyclingdutchman.blogspot.com\/2013\/04\/the-ultimate-amsterdam-bike-ride.html\">thecyclingdutchman.blogspot.com\/2013\/04\/the-ultimate-amsterdam-bike-ride.html<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n<p>Egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt speci\u00e1lis GPS-vev\u0151k (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Garmin Edge) is kaphat\u00f3k, amelyekre el\u0151re felt\u00f6lt\u00f6tt ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutak vannak, \u00e9s amelyek kifejezetten ezeken haladnak. <\/p>\n<p>A ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutak a legt\u00f6bb esetben nemcsak a j\u00e1rd\u00e1t\u00f3l, hanem az \u00fatt\u00f3l is el vannak v\u00e1lasztva, \u00e9s \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban meglehet\u0151sen biztons\u00e1gosak \u2013 van vil\u00e1gos felfest\u00e9s, jelz\u0151t\u00e1bl\u00e1k, k\u00fcl\u00f6n k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si l\u00e1mp\u00e1k, \u00e9s minden ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rutat gyakran k\u00e9t oldalr\u00f3l is m\u00e1solnak, \u00edgy fizikailag nem lehet a \u201eszembej\u00f6v\u0151\u201d forgalomba hajtani. Ez\u00e9rt a hollandok t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge nem visel sisakot, \u00e9s a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ros balesetek szinte kiv\u00e9telek \u2013 leesni a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rr\u00f3l lehet persze, de s\u00falyosan megs\u00e9r\u00fclni nehezen lehet. <\/p>\n<p>Egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt, mi\u00e9rt van Hollandi\u00e1ban t\u00f6bb ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r, mint ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ros \u2014 a v\u00e1lasz egyszer\u0171. Sokan haszn\u00e1lnak 2 ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rt, az egyiken haz\u00e1ig mennek a metr\u00f3hoz, \u00e9s ott hagyj\u00e1k a vas\u00fat\u00e1llom\u00e1s k\u00f6zel\u00e9ben, a m\u00e1sikon pedig a v\u00e9g\u00e1llom\u00e1st\u00f3l a munkahely\u00fckig. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 egyeseknek lehet egy r\u00e9gi, rozsd\u00e1s ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rjuk, amit nem sajn\u00e1lnak az utc\u00e1n hagyni, \u00e9s egy m\u00e1sik j\u00f3, amit otthon tartanak sportol\u00e1sra vagy hosszabb h\u00e9tv\u00e9gi utaz\u00e1sokra. Egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt, figyelembe v\u00e9ve, hogy a villamos vagy busz \u00e1tlagos \u00e1ra 2 eur\u00f3 per utaz\u00e1s, egy r\u00e9gi haszn\u00e1lt ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r 100-200 eur\u00f3\u00e9rt teljesen megt\u00e9r\u00fclhet a szezonban, m\u00e9g akkor is, ha csak kidobj\u00e1k (b\u00e1r \u00fagy t\u0171nik, a hollandok szinte soha nem dobj\u00e1k el a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rokat \u2014 ilyen antikv\u00e1riumokat m\u00e1shol m\u00e1r r\u00e9g\u00f3ta nem l\u00e1ttam).<\/p>\n<h2>Infrastrukt\u00fara<\/h2>\n<p>\nTerm\u00e9szetesen, ahhoz, hogy az emberek ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rokat haszn\u00e1ljanak, k\u00e9nyelmesnek kell lenni\u00fck. A korm\u00e1ny jelent\u0151s \u00f6sszegeket fektet ebbe. Gyakorlatilag minden \u00e1llom\u00e1sn\u00e1l vagy meg\u00e1ll\u00f3n\u00e1l vannak ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rt\u00e1rol\u00f3k \u2014 ezek m\u00e9rete v\u00e1ltozatos lehet, egy egyszer\u0171 keretb\u0151l egy fedett pavilonig, vagy ak\u00e1r f\u00f6ldalatti parkol\u00f3ig, ezer ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. R\u00e1ad\u00e1sul gyakran mindez ingyenes.<\/p>\n<p>A t\u00e1rol\u00f3k m\u00e9rete v\u00e1ltozhat, az al\u00e1bbiak szerint:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/9d1599be45692f2d87153d752a0e3e6c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00c9s a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151kh\u00f6z:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/087ac3b8b769d8bc3fd1791c214dc231.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n(forr\u00e1s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bicycledutch.wordpress.com\/2015\/06\/02\/bicycle-parking-at-delft-central-station\/\">bicycledutch.wordpress.com\/2015\/06\/02\/bicycle-parking-at-delft-central-station<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n<p>\u00d3ri\u00e1si f\u00f6ldalatti ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rt\u00e1rol\u00f3k \u00e9p\u00fclnek, \u00edme egy p\u00e1r k\u00e9p a kivitelez\u00e9s nagys\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e9s a befektetett p\u00e9nznek a meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9hez:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/5cd682a54d615c3a4f696599d640f475.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/591e020a47811506cd16ff520ab1634f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n(forr\u00e1s \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L3M_GM_MDg8\">youtube vide\u00f3<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n<p>Persze, majdnem minden irodah\u00e1zban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 nemcsak ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rt\u00e1rol\u00f3, hanem zuhanyz\u00f3 is az alkalmazottak sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p>De m\u00e9gis, a parkol\u00f3k nem elegend\u0151ek mindenkinek, \u00e9s sokaknak k\u00e9nyelmetlen elmenni hozz\u00e1juk, \u00edgy a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r egyszer\u0171en az utc\u00e1n marad \u00e9s b\u00e1rmihez hozz\u00e1 van k\u00f6tve. Alapvet\u0151en b\u00e1rmelyik fa vagy oszlop is j\u00f3 ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rt\u00e1rol\u00f3nak sz\u00e1m\u00edt (ha nincs es\u0151, de ez sem zavarja a tulajdonosokat \u2014 ilyenkor csak egy zs\u00e1kot h\u00faznak a nyereghez).<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/d5f95147f2d8aed84ffc4494dd9c43a1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nEgy m\u00e1sik fontos szempont \u2014 ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rral lehet utazni a metr\u00f3ban vagy vonaton (cs\u00facsid\u0151n k\u00edv\u00fcl, \u00e9s korl\u00e1tozott sz\u00e1m\u00fa ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rral egy kocsiban). Azok a kocsik, ahov\u00e1 ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rral lehet bel\u00e9pni, speci\u00e1lis jelz\u00e9ssel vannak megjel\u00f6lve:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ce2227fd2c1308a1b38d25a163444ef3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n(Forr\u00e1s: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bikeshed.johnhoogstrate.nl\/bicycle\/trip\/train_netherlands\/\">bikeshed.johnhoogstrate.nl\/bicycle\/trip\/train_netherlands<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n<h2>Ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok<\/h2>\n<p>\nA holland ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rokat t\u00f6bb k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00edpusra lehet bontani.<\/p>\n<p><b>Antik hullad\u00e9k<\/b><br \/>\nEz egy 20-50 \u00e9ves ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r, ami nyikorg\u00f3 \u00e9s rozsd\u00e1s, amit nem sajn\u00e1lnak az utc\u00e1n hagyni, \u00e9s nem sajn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, ha ellopj\u00e1k.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/5122d8e32e8a7fdb5d5ace7df2050a33.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Gyerekek sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra alkalmas ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r<\/b><br \/>\nNem tudom, hogy hivatalosan hogyan h\u00edvj\u00e1k, de a k\u00e9pb\u0151l val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg \u00e9rthet\u0151. El\u00e9g dr\u00e1ga ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r (az elektromos modellek \u00e1ra el\u00e9rheti a 3000 eur\u00f3t), amely gyermekek sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra lett kifejlesztve. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/46ae946d3db50c054233b99aef422b77.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nEzen a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1ron az anyuka vagy apuka el tudja vinni a gyermekeket az iskol\u00e1ba vagy az \u00f3vod\u00e1ba, majd tov\u00e1bb mehet dolgozni.<\/p>\n<p>Vannak olyan speci\u00e1lis mega-ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok is, amelyekbe egyszerre egy kis \u00f3vodai csoport is belef\u00e9r:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1172c4df3b1f6aa6c10ec38badd5f397.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n(forr\u00e1s \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/jillkandel.com\">jillkandel.com<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 egzotikus modellek is el\u0151fordulnak, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul ez a \u201efekv\u0151\u201d ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r, amit ligfiets-nek h\u00edvnak, a vil\u00e1gban jobban elterjedt a n\u00e9met elnevez\u00e9se, a liegerad (liegen \u2014 fek\u00fcdni). <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/deb4cd438b14496bcf2be468ba3ab2fb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n(forr\u00e1s \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nederlandersfietsen.nl\/soorten-fietsen\/ligfiets\/\">nederlandersfietsen.nl\/soorten-fietsen\/ligfiets<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n<p>Lehet, hogy aerodinamik\u00e1ban jobb, de az \u00faton szinte nem l\u00e1that\u00f3 \u2014 senki \u00e9let\u00e9ben nem tal\u00e1lja ki, hogy lent a l\u00e1bn\u00e1l valami m\u00e1s is gyorsan haladhat.<\/p>\n<p><b>Elektromos ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok<\/b><br \/>\nAz elektromos ker\u00e9kp\u00e1roknak sebess\u00e9gkorl\u00e1toz\u00e1suk van 25 km\/h, \u00e9s teljesen automatikusak \u2014 amint elkezd\u0151dnek a ped\u00e1loz\u00e1sok, az elektromotor azonnal \u201efelkapja\u201d. A hat\u00f3t\u00e1vols\u00e1g ak\u00e1r 40 km is lehet, ami el\u00e9g k\u00e9nyelmes, b\u00e1r term\u00e9szetesen ez a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r nehezebb \u00e9s dr\u00e1g\u00e1bb a hagyom\u00e1nyosn\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>A nagyobb teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u0171 modellek ak\u00e1r 40 km\/h sebess\u00e9gre is k\u00e9pesek, \u00e9s \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lag rendsz\u00e1m \u00e9s sisak is sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges hozz\u00e1, de ebben nem tudok biztosat mondani.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00d6sszecsukhat\u00f3 ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok<\/b><br \/>\nEz a ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r a fel\u00e9re hajthat\u00f3, \u00e9s ami a legk\u00e9nyelmesebb, korl\u00e1toz\u00e1s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl lehet vinni a metr\u00f3ban vagy vonaton.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/0f56a42189fc211fea2a4931b0fc5421.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00d6sszecsukva val\u00f3ban nagyon kis helyet foglal:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/8c4f8d8a4d08526ce641ec278d8401be.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n(forr\u00e1s \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.decathlon.nl\/p\/vouwfiets-tilt-100-zwart-folding-bike\/_\/R-p-X8500541\">www.decathlon.nl\/p\/vouwfiets-tilt-100-zwart-folding-bike\/_\/R-p-X8500541<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n<p><b>Motorker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok \u00e9s egy\u00e9b egzotikumok<\/b><br \/>\nHa j\u00f3l tudom, egyel\u0151re jogilag nem megengedettek, \u00edgy tov\u00e1bbra is a jogi hat\u00e1rokon k\u00edv\u00fcl esnek. A motorker\u00e9kp\u00e1rok val\u00f3ban egzotikusak, \u00e9s nagyon-nagyon ritk\u00e1n fordulnak el\u0151 (b\u00e1r az \u00e1rlist\u00e1kban megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3ak). A rollerek is nagyon ritk\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3ak.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9sek<\/h2>\n<p>\nAhogy l\u00e1that\u00f3, ha van akarat \u00e9s lehet\u0151s\u00e9g, sok mindent el lehet \u00e9rni. Term\u00e9szetesen a kl\u00edma is befoly\u00e1sol\u00f3 t\u00e9nyez\u0151 (Hollandi\u00e1ban t\u00e9len az \u00e1tlagh\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet +3-5 \u00b0C, \u00e9s havaz\u00e1s \u00e9vente egy h\u00e9tig fordul el\u0151). De m\u00e9g az orosz kl\u00edm\u00e1val is, ha j\u00f3 ker\u00e9kp\u00e1r\u00fat-h\u00e1l\u00f3zat lenne, biztos vagyok benne, hogy sokan \u00e1tv\u00e1ltan\u00e1nak ker\u00e9kp\u00e1rra, legal\u00e1bb 5-6 h\u00f3napra \u00e9vente. Ez pedig egy befektet\u00e9s a k\u00f6rnyezetbe, a glob\u00e1lis felmeleged\u00e9s elleni k\u00fczdelembe \u00e9s egy\u00e9b dolgokba.<\/p>\n<p>PS: Ez a k\u00e9p m\u00e1r nem Hollandia, hanem Szentp\u00e9terv\u00e1r:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"How does the cycling infrastructure work in the Netherlands?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/f42eef8310b67545c0e3a1cf8f667b06.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n(forr\u00e1s \u2014 <noindex>pikabu.ru\/story\/v_sanktpeterburge_otkryili_yakhtennyiy_most_5082262<\/noindex>)<\/p>\n<p>A holland tapasztalatait \u00e1tveszik (\u00fagy t\u0171nik, szakembereket is h\u00edvtak konzult\u00e1ci\u00f3ra), \u00e9s ez \u00f6r\u00f6mmel t\u00f6lt el.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/447632\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0441\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c\u00bb \u2014 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23244,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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