{"id":31439,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:16","slug":"vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242","title":{"rendered":"A systemd 242 kiad\u00e1sa.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00e9t h\u00f3napos fejleszt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n megjelent a systemd 242 rendszermenedzser kiad\u00e1sa. Az \u00fajdons\u00e1gok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt eml\u00edt\u00e9st nyer a L2TP alag\u00fat t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa, a systemd-logind viselked\u00e9s\u00e9nek vez\u00e9rl\u00e9se a k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val \u00fajraind\u00edt\u00e1skor, a kib\u0151v\u00edtett XBOOTLDR ind\u00edt\u00f3part\u00edci\u00f3k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa a \\\/boot mapp\u00e1ba val\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00e1shoz, a gy\u00f6k\u00e9rpart\u00edci\u00f3 ind\u00edt\u00e1sa overlayfs-ben, valamint sz\u00e1mos \u00faj be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 egys\u00e9gt\u00edpusokhoz.<\/p>\n<p>F\u0151bb v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A systemd-networkd t\u00e1mogatja a L2TP alagutakat;\n<li class=\"l\"> A sd-boot \u00e9s a bootctl t\u00e1mogatja az XBOOTLDR (Kib\u0151v\u00edtett Ind\u00edt\u00f3 Rendszer) part\u00edci\u00f3kat a \\\/boot mapp\u00e1ba val\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00e1shoz, az ESP part\u00edci\u00f3k mellett, amelyeket a \\\/efi vagy a \\\/boot\\\/efi mapp\u00e1ba csatlakoztatnak. A kernel, konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3k, initrd k\u00e9pek \u00e9s EFI most m\u00e1r bet\u00f6lthet\u0151k ESP \u00e9s XBOOTLDR part\u00edci\u00f3kr\u00f3l is. Ez a v\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a sd-boot ind\u00edt\u00f3rendszer haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t konzervat\u00edvabb forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyvekben, amikor maga az ind\u00edt\u00f3 az ESP-n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, m\u00edg a bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt kernel \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1juk tartoz\u00f3 metaadatok k\u00fcl\u00f6n part\u00edci\u00f3ra ker\u00fclnek;\n<li class=\"l\"> Bevezet\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt a lehet\u0151s\u00e9g, hogy a kernelnek \u00e1tadhassuk a \"systemd.volatile=overlay\" opci\u00f3t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a gy\u00f6k\u00e9rpart\u00edci\u00f3 overlayfs-be helyez\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00edgy egy csak olvashat\u00f3 gy\u00f6ker\u00e9t k\u00e9pz\u0151 rendszerk\u00e9p felett dolgozhatunk, \u00e9s a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sokat egy k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 tmpfs mapp\u00e1ba r\u00f6gz\u00edthetj\u00fck (ebben a konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3ban a m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sok \u00fajraindul\u00e1s ut\u00e1n elvesznek). Hasonl\u00f3an, a systemd-nspawn-hoz hozz\u00e1adva az \"--volatile=overlay\" opci\u00f3t ezen funkci\u00f3 haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra a kont\u00e9nerekben.\n<li class=\"l\"> A systemd-nspawn-hoz hozz\u00e1adva lett az \"--oci-bundle\" opci\u00f3, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi runtime k\u00e9szletek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t a kont\u00e9nerek izol\u00e1lt ind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, az Open Container Initiative (OCI) specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3nak megfelel\u0151en. A parancssorban \u00e9s a nspawn unitokban k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le, az OCI specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3ban le\u00edrt opci\u00f3k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t javasolj\u00e1k, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a f\u00e1jlrendszer egyes r\u00e9szeinek kiz\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1ra az \"--inaccessible\" \u00e9s \"Inaccessible\" be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, m\u00edg a standard kimeneti folyamok be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra az \"--console\" \u00e9s az \"--pipe\" opci\u00f3k lettek hozz\u00e1adva.\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt a systemd-logind viselked\u00e9s\u00e9nek kezel\u00e9se k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k r\u00e9v\u00e9n: $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_ TO_FIRMWARE_SETUP,<br \/>\n          $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_ TO_BOOT_LOADER_MENU \u00e9s<br \/>\n          $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_ TO_BOOT_LOADER_ENTRY. Ezen v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel saj\u00e1t \u00fajraind\u00edt\u00f3 folyamatkezel\u0151ket csatlakoztathatunk (\\\/run\\\/systemd\\\/reboot-to-firmware-setup,  \\\/run\\\/systemd\\\/reboot-to-boot-loader-menu \u00e9s<br \/>\n          \/run\/systemd\/reboot-to-boot-loader-entry) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 (\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 false);<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A \"systemctl reboot\" parancshoz hozz\u00e1adva lett az \"--boot-load-menu=\" \u00e9s<br \/>\n          \"--boot-loader-entry=\" opci\u00f3, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik egy adott boot men\u00fcpont vagy ind\u00edt\u00e1si m\u00f3d kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00fajraind\u00edt\u00e1s ut\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00daj sandbox-izol\u00e1ci\u00f3s parancs ker\u00fclt bevezet\u00e9sre \"RestrictSUIDSGID=\" n\u00e9ven, amely seccomp-ot haszn\u00e1l a SUID\/SGID z\u00e1szl\u00f3kkal rendelkez\u0151 f\u00e1jlok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak tilalm\u00e1ra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Alap\u00e9rtelmezetten alkalmaz\u00e1sra ker\u00fcltek a \"NoNewPrivileges\" \u00e9s \"RestrictSUIDSGID\" korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sok az olyan szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok eset\u00e9n, amelyekben enged\u00e9lyezve van a dinamikus felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i azonos\u00edt\u00f3 gener\u00e1l\u00e1s (\"DynamicUser\").\n<li class=\"l\"> A .link f\u00e1jlokban alap\u00e9rtelmezetten haszn\u00e1lt MACAddressPolicy=persistent be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st \u00fagy m\u00f3dos\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy sz\u00e9lesebb k\u00f6r\u0171 eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket fedjen le. A h\u00e1l\u00f3zati hidak, alagutak (tun, tap) \u00e9s aggreg\u00e1lt linkek (bond) interf\u00e9szei nem azonos\u00edtj\u00e1k magukat m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven, mint a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9sz neve, \u00edgy ez a n\u00e9v most MAC \u00e9s IPv4 c\u00edmekhez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1rendel\u00e9s alapjak\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1l. Ezen k\u00edv\u00fcl hozz\u00e1adva lett a \"MACAddressPolicy=random\" be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi MAC \u00e9s IPv4 c\u00edmek v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171 hozz\u00e1rendel\u00e9s\u00e9t az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z.\n<li class=\"l\"> A systemd-fstab-generator \u00e1ltal gener\u00e1lt .device egys\u00e9gf\u00e1jlok m\u00e1r nem tartalmazz\u00e1k a .mount egys\u00e9geket mint f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9geket a Wants= szekci\u00f3ban. Az eszk\u00f6z egyszer\u0171 csatlakoztat\u00e1sa most nem ind\u00edtja el automatikusan a csatol\u00e1si egys\u00e9get, de az ilyen egys\u00e9gek tov\u00e1bbra is elind\u00edthat\u00f3k m\u00e1s okokb\u00f3l, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a local-fs.target r\u00e9szek\u00e9nt vagy m\u00e1s, a local-fs.target-t\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151 egys\u00e9gek f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9geik\u00e9nt;\n<li class=\"l\"> A networkctl list\/status\/lldp parancsokhoz hozz\u00e1 lett adva a maszkok t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa (* \u00e9s hasonl\u00f3k) a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9szek bizonyos csoportjainak sz\u0171r\u00e9s\u00e9re a nev\u00fck alapj\u00e1n;\n<li class=\"l\"> A k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 $PIDFILE mostant\u00f3l abszol\u00fat el\u00e9r\u00e9si \u00faton van be\u00e1ll\u00edtva, amelyet a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok a PIDFile= param\u00e9ter seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel konfigur\u00e1lnak;\n<li class=\"l\"> A tartal\u00e9k DNS-szerverek list\u00e1j\u00e1ba, amelyeket akkor haszn\u00e1lnak, ha az alap\u00e9rtelmezett DNS nincs kifejezetten megadva, nyilv\u00e1nos <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/server\/\"   title=\"szerverek\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1823\">szerverek<\/a>  Cloudflare (1.1.1.1). A tartal\u00e9k DNS-szerverek list\u00e1j\u00e1nak fel\u00fcl\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1hoz haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a -Ddns-servers= opci\u00f3;\n<li class=\"l\"> USB-eszk\u00f6z-vez\u00e9rl\u0151 (USB Device Controller) \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9sekor automatikusan elindul az \u00faj usb-gadget.target kezel\u0151 (amikor a rendszer USB perif\u00e9ri\u00e1s eszk\u00f6z\u00f6n m\u0171k\u00f6dik);\n<li class=\"l\"> Az egys\u00e9gf\u00e1jlokhoz megval\u00f3s\u00edtott\u00e1k a CPUQuotaPeriodSec= be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st, amely meghat\u00e1rozza az id\u0151szakot, amelynek viszony\u00edt\u00e1si pontjak\u00e9nt a CPU id\u0151kv\u00f3t\u00e1t m\u00e9rik, amelyet a CPUQuota= be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1ssal hat\u00e1roznak meg;\n<li class=\"l\"> Az egys\u00e9gf\u00e1jlokhoz megval\u00f3s\u00edtott\u00e1k a ProtectHostname= be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st, amely megtiltja a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a gazdag\u00e9pnev\u00e9nek megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1t, m\u00e9g akkor is, ha a megfelel\u0151 enged\u00e9lyekkel rendelkeznek;\n<li class=\"l\"> Az egys\u00e9gf\u00e1jlokhoz megval\u00f3s\u00edtott\u00e1k a NetworkNamespacePath= be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a n\u00e9vt\u00e9r \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1t szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokkal vagy socket egys\u00e9gekkel a n\u00e9vt\u00e9r f\u00e1jl el\u00e9r\u00e9si \u00fatj\u00e1nak megad\u00e1s\u00e1val a \/proc pszeudo f\u00e1jlrendszerben;\n<li class=\"l\"> Lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tett\u00e9k a k\u00f6rnyezeti v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k helyettes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek letilt\u00e1s\u00e1t a -ExecStart= be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1ssal ind\u00edtott folyamatokhoz az ind\u00edt\u00f3 parancs el\u00e9 tett : karakter hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1s\u00e1val;\n<li class=\"l\"> Az id\u0151z\u00edt\u0151kh\u00f6z (.timer egys\u00e9gek) \u00faj OnClockChange= \u00e9s<br \/>\nOnTimezoneChange= kapcsol\u00f3k lettek bevezetve, amelyek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel kezelhet\u0151 az egys\u00e9g h\u00edv\u00e1sa a rendszerszint\u0171 id\u0151 vagy az id\u0151z\u00f3na megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1sakor;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00daj ConditionMemory= \u00e9s ConditionCPUs= be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok lettek hozz\u00e1adva, amelyek meghat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k az egys\u00e9g h\u00edv\u00e1s\u00e1nak felt\u00e9teleit a mem\u00f3ria m\u00e9rete \u00e9s a CPU magok sz\u00e1ma f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul er\u0151forr\u00e1sig\u00e9nyes szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s csak akkor ind\u00edthat\u00f3, ha a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges RAM mennyis\u00e9g rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll);\n<li class=\"l\"> Bevezet\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt egy \u00faj time-set.target unit, amely a lok\u00e1lisan be\u00e1ll\u00edtott rendszerid\u0151t fogadja el, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy az id\u0151szinkroniz\u00e1l\u00e1shoz k\u00fcls\u0151 id\u0151szinkroniz\u00e1l\u00f3 szervereket haszn\u00e1ln\u00e1nk a time-sync.target unit r\u00e9v\u00e9n. Az \u00faj unit haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 olyan szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, amelyek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra elegend\u0151 a szinkroniz\u00e1latlan helyi \u00f3r\u00e1k pontoss\u00e1ga;\n<li class=\"l\"> A systemctl start \u00e9s hasonl\u00f3 parancsokhoz hozz\u00e1 lett adva a --show-transaction opci\u00f3, amelynek megad\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t kapunk minden munk\u00e1r\u00f3l, amely a k\u00e9r\u00e9sb\u0151l ad\u00f3d\u00f3 m\u0171velet miatt ker\u00fclt a sorba.\n<li class=\"l\"> A systemd-networkd \u00faj \u00e1llapotot, az 'enslaved'-et vezette be, amely a 'degraded' vagy 'carrier' helyett haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 az aggreg\u00e1lt linkekbe vagy h\u00e1l\u00f3zati h\u00eddakba tartoz\u00f3 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9szekhez. Az els\u0151dleges interf\u00e9szek eset\u00e9ben, ha az egyik \u00f6sszetev\u0151 link probl\u00e9m\u00e1s, bevezet\u00e9sre ker\u00fclt a 'degraded-carrier' \u00e1llapot;\n<li class=\"l\"> A .network egys\u00e9gekhez hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k az 'IgnoreCarrierLoss=' opci\u00f3t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t a kapcsolat megszakad\u00e1sa eset\u00e9n;\n<li class=\"l\"> A .network egys\u00e9gekben a 'RequiredForOnline=' be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1ssal most m\u00e1r megadhat\u00f3 a minim\u00e1lisan elfogadott link \u00e1llapot, amely sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9sz 'online' \u00e1llapotba val\u00f3 \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s a systemd-networkd-wait-online kezel\u0151 aktiv\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz;\n<li class=\"l\"> A systemd-networkd-wait-online-hoz hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k az '--any' opci\u00f3t, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi b\u00e1rmely megadott h\u00e1l\u00f3zati interf\u00e9sz k\u00e9szenl\u00e9t\u00e9nek v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1s\u00e1t az \u00f6sszes helyett, valamint az '--operational-state=' opci\u00f3t a k\u00e9sz \u00e1llapotot jelz\u0151 link \u00e1llapot\u00e1nak meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra;\n<li class=\"l\"> A .network egys\u00e9gekhez hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k az 'UseAutonomousPrefix=' \u00e9s 'UseOnLinkPrefix=' be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokat, amelyeket a prefixek figyelmen k\u00edv\u00fcl hagy\u00e1s\u00e1ra lehet haszn\u00e1lni a megszerz\u00e9s sor\u00e1n;<br \/>\nanonsz\u00f3l a router hirdet\u00e9se (RA, Router Advertisement);<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A .network egys\u00e9gekhez hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k a 'MulticastFlood=', 'NeighborSuppression=' \u00e9s 'Learning=' be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokat a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati h\u00edd m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si param\u00e9tereinek megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1ra, valamint a 'TripleSampling=' be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st a CAN virtu\u00e1lis interf\u00e9szek TRIPLE-SAMPLING m\u00f3dj\u00e1nak megv\u00e1ltoztat\u00e1s\u00e1ra;\n<li class=\"l\"> A .netdev egys\u00e9gekhez hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k a 'PrivateKeyFile=' \u00e9s 'PresharedKeyFile=' be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sokat, amelyek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel megadhat\u00f3k a WireGuard interf\u00e9szek z\u00e1rt \u00e9s megosztott (PSK) kulcsai; <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"31\">VPN<\/a>;\n<li class=\"l\"> A \/etc\/crypttab f\u00e1jlba bevezetett same-cpu-crypt \u00e9s submit-from-crypt-cpus opci\u00f3k ir\u00e1ny\u00edtj\u00e1k a tervez\u0151t a CPU magok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti, titkos\u00edt\u00e1shoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 munk\u00e1k migr\u00e1ci\u00f3ja sor\u00e1n;\n<li class=\"l\"> A systemd-tmpfiles biztos\u00edtja a z\u00e1rol\u00e1si f\u00e1jl kezel\u00e9s\u00e9t a m\u0171veletek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa el\u0151tt a ideiglenes f\u00e1jlokat tartalmaz\u00f3 k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rakban, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve bizonyos m\u0171veletek ideiglenes letilt\u00e1s\u00e1t a r\u00e9gi f\u00e1jlok elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a tar-arch\u00edvum \/tmp k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rba t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kicsomagol\u00e1sakor nagyon r\u00e9gi f\u00e1jlok jelenhetnek meg, amelyeket nem lehet t\u00f6r\u00f6lni a vel\u00fck val\u00f3 m\u0171veletek befejez\u00e9s\u00e9ig);\n<li class=\"l\"> A 'systemd-analyze cat-config' parancs lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a t\u00f6bb f\u00e1jlba szervezett konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3k elemz\u00e9s\u00e9t, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3i \u00e9s rendszerszint\u0171 el\u0151be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok, a tmpfiles.d \u00e9s sysusers.d tartalma, valamint a udev szab\u00e1lyok stb.\n<li class=\"l\"> A 'journalctl'-hoz hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k a '--cursor-file=' opci\u00f3t a poz\u00edci\u00f3 mutat\u00f3 be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s ment\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges f\u00e1jl meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz;\n<li class=\"l\"> A systemd-detect-virt-hez hozz\u00e1adt\u00e1k az ACRN hipervizor \u00e9s a WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) alrendszer azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t a felt\u00e9teles 'ConditionVirtualization' oper\u00e1tor haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1val t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tov\u00e1bbi \u00e1gak kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz;\n<li class=\"l\"> A systemd telep\u00edt\u00e9se sor\u00e1n (a 'ninja install' v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sakor) megsz\u00fcntett\u00e9k a szimbolikus linkek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t a \/etc k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1rban a systemd-networkd.service, systemd-networkd.socket f\u00e1jlokra;<br \/>\n          systemd-resolved.service, remote-cryptsetup.target, remote-fs.target,<br \/>\n          A systemd-networkd-wait-online.service \u00e9s systemd-timesyncd.service sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Ezeknek a f\u00e1jloknak a l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz most m\u00e1r a 'systemctl preset-all' parancs v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges.<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50497\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 systemd 242. \u0418\u0437 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 L2TP, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c systemd-logind \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 XBOOTLDR \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \/boot, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432 overlayfs, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u044e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0412 systemd-networkd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One 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