{"id":31519,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","slug":"elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/news\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","title":{"rendered":"Az agyi elektromos stimul\u00e1ci\u00f3 seg\u00edtett az id\u0151sek mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1nak felz\u00e1rk\u00f3zni a fiatalok\u00e9hoz.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A depresszi\u00f3 kezel\u00e9s\u00e9t\u0151l kezdve a Parkinson-k\u00f3r k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeinek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9ig \u00e9s a vegetat\u00edv \u00e1llapotban l\u00e9v\u0151 betegek fel\u00e9breszt\u00e9s\u00e9ig az agystimul\u00e1ci\u00f3 elektromos \u00e1rammal \u00f3ri\u00e1si potenci\u00e1llal b\u00edr. Az egyik leg\u00fajabb kutat\u00e1s arra \u00f6sszpontos\u00edt, hogy meg\u00e1ll\u00edtsa a kognit\u00edv k\u00e9pess\u00e9gek cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9t, jav\u00edtva a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1t \u00e9s a tanul\u00e1si k\u00e9pess\u00e9geket. A Boston University tud\u00f3sai \u00e1ltal v\u00e9gzett k\u00eds\u00e9rlet nem invaz\u00edv technik\u00e1t mutatott be, amely k\u00e9pes helyre\u00e1ll\u00edtani a munkamem\u00f3ri\u00e1t 70 \u00e9ves id\u0151sekben, oly m\u00f3don, hogy az nem marad el a 20 \u00e9vesek\u00e9t\u0151l.<\/p>\n

Sok kutat\u00e1s sor\u00e1n elektromos impulzusok agyba juttat\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lnak elektr\u00f3d\u00e1kat, amelyeket az agy meghat\u00e1rozott ter\u00fcleteire \u00fcltetnek be. Ezt a folyamatot \u201em\u00e9ly\u201d vagy \u201edirekt\u201d agystimul\u00e1ci\u00f3nak h\u00edvj\u00e1k, \u00e9s pontosan megc\u00e9lzott hat\u00e1sa miatt el\u0151ny\u00f6s. Ennek ellen\u00e9re az elektr\u00f3d\u00e1k be\u00fcltet\u00e9se az agyba meglehet\u0151sen gyakorlatlan, \u00e9s bizonyos kock\u00e1zatokkal j\u00e1rhat, mint a gyullad\u00e1s vagy a fert\u0151z\u00e9s, ha a seb\u00e9szeti norm\u00e1k nincsenek betartva.<\/p>\n

Alternat\u00edv megold\u00e1s a nem invaz\u00edv (nem operat\u00edv) m\u00f3dszerrel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 k\u00f6zvetett stimul\u00e1ci\u00f3 elektr\u00f3d\u00e1k seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel, amelyek a fejb\u0151r\u00f6n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve ilyen manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3k v\u00e9gz\u00e9s\u00e9t m\u00e9g otthoni k\u00f6rnyezetben is. Ezt a m\u00f3dszert v\u00e1lasztotta Rob Reinhart, a Boston University neurobiol\u00f3gusa, hogy jav\u00edtsa az id\u0151sek mem\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1t, amely \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban az \u00e9letkor el\u0151rehaladt\u00e1val gyeng\u00fcl.<\/p>\n

\"Az
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Pontosabban, k\u00eds\u00e9rletei teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben a munkamem\u00f3ri\u00e1ra \u00f6sszpontos\u00edtottak, amely aktiv\u00e1l\u00f3dik, amikor p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul esz\u00fcnkbe jut, mit kellene venni a boltban, vagy pr\u00f3b\u00e1lunk megtal\u00e1lni a kocsikulcsot. Reinhart szerint a munkamem\u00f3ria m\u00e1r 30 \u00e9ves kor k\u00f6r\u00fcl elkezdhet romlani, mivel az agy k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 r\u00e9szei elvesz\u00edtik \u00f6sszekapcsolts\u00e1gukat \u00e9s \u00f6sszhangtalann\u00e1 v\u00e1lnak. Amikor 60 vagy 70 \u00e9vesek lesz\u00fcnk, ez az \u00f6sszhangtalans\u00e1g \u00e9szlelhet\u0151 kognit\u00edv funkci\u00f3cs\u00f6kken\u00e9shez vezethet.<\/p>\n

A tud\u00f3s felfedezte a megszakadt neuron\u00e1lis kapcsolatok helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak m\u00f3dj\u00e1t. A m\u00f3dszer az agy m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek k\u00e9t elem\u00e9n alapul. Az els\u0151 a \u201ep\u00e1ros\u00edt\u00e1s\u201d, amikor az agy k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 r\u00e9szei egy meghat\u00e1rozott sorrendben aktiv\u00e1l\u00f3dnak, mint egy j\u00f3l hangolt zenekar. A m\u00e1sodik a \u201eszinkroniz\u00e1ci\u00f3\u201d, amikor a hippocampushoz kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3, lassabb ritmus\u00fa theta-ritmusok megfelel\u0151en szinkroniz\u00e1l\u00f3dnak. Mindk\u00e9t funkci\u00f3 az \u00e9letkor el\u0151rehaladt\u00e1val romlik, \u00e9s hat\u00e1ssal van a mem\u00f3ria m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/p>\n

\"Az<\/p>\n

K\u00eds\u00e9rlete sor\u00e1n Reinhart fiatal, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 20 \u00e9ves emberekb\u0151l \u00e1ll\u00f3 csoportot, valamint 60 \u00e9s 70 \u00e9v k\u00f6z\u00f6tti id\u0151sebbekb\u0151l \u00e1ll\u00f3 csoportot is bevont. Mindk\u00e9t csoportnak egy sor meghat\u00e1rozott feladatot kellett elv\u00e9geznie, amelyek magukba foglalt\u00e1k egy k\u00e9p megtekint\u00e9s\u00e9t, egy sz\u00fcnetet, a m\u00e1sodik k\u00e9p megtekint\u00e9s\u00e9t, majd a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1juk alapj\u00e1n a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gek \u00e9szlel\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Nem meglep\u0151, hogy a fiatalabb k\u00eds\u00e9rleti csoport sokkal jobban teljes\u00edtett, mint az id\u0151sebb. De ekkor Reinhart 25 percnyi l\u00e1gy agystimul\u00e1ci\u00f3t alkalmazott az id\u0151sebbek agy\u00e1ban, az impulzusokat minden p\u00e1ciens idegi kont\u00farj\u00e1hoz igaz\u00edtva, \u00f6sszhangban a munkamem\u00f3ri\u00e1\u00e9rt felel\u0151s agyk\u00e9reg ter\u00fclet\u00e9vel. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a csoportok folytatt\u00e1k a feladatok v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00e9s a feladat v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1nak pontoss\u00e1ga k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g elt\u0171nt. A hat\u00e1s legal\u00e1bb 50 percig tartott a stimul\u00e1ci\u00f3 ut\u00e1n. S\u0151t, Reinhart felfedezte, hogy k\u00e9pes jav\u00edtani a mem\u00f3ri\u00e1t m\u00e9g olyan fiatalok eset\u00e9ben is, akik gyeng\u00e9n teljes\u00edtettek a feladatokban.<\/p>\n

\u201eAzt tal\u00e1ltuk, hogy a 20 \u00e9ves alanyok, akik neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gekkel k\u00fczd\u00f6ttek a feladatok v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sakor, szint\u00e9n profit\u00e1lhattak az ugyanilyen t\u00edpus\u00fa stimul\u00e1ci\u00f3b\u00f3l\u201d, mondja Reinhart. \u201eMeg tudtuk jav\u00edtani a munkamem\u00f3ri\u00e1jukat, m\u00e9g akkor is, ha nem voltak 60 vagy 70 \u00e9vesek.\u201d<\/p>\n

Reinhart rem\u00e9li, hogy folytathatja annak tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s\u00e1t, hogyan jav\u00edthatja az agystimul\u00e1ci\u00f3 az emberi agy m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az Alzheimer-k\u00f3rban szenved\u0151k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

\u201eEz \u00faj lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket nyit meg a kutat\u00e1sok \u00e9s kezel\u00e9sek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra\u201d, mondja \u0151. \u201e\u00c9s nagyon \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcnk ennek.\u201d<\/p>\n

A kutat\u00e1s a Nature Neuroscience foly\u00f3iratban jelent meg.<\/p>\n

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Forr\u00e1s: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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