{"id":31628,"date":"2019-10-31T21:42:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/informatsionnaya-bezopasnost-apparatnyh-reshenij-usb-over-ip\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:42:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:14","slug":"informatsionnaya-bezopasnost-apparatnyh-reshenij-usb-over-ip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hu\/blog\/administrirovanie\/informatsionnaya-bezopasnost-apparatnyh-reshenij-usb-over-ip","title":{"rendered":"USB over IP hardvermegold\u00e1sok inform\u00e1ci\u00f3biztons\u00e1ga","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nemr\u00e9g osztottam meg <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445094\/\">a tapasztalataimat a k\u00f6zponti hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s megszervez\u00e9s\u00e9vel kapcsolatos elektronikus v\u00e9d\u0151kulcsokhoz<\/a><\/noindex> a szervezet\u00fcnkben. A kommentekben komoly k\u00e9rd\u00e9s mer\u00fclt fel a USB over IP hardvermegold\u00e1sok informatikai biztons\u00e1g\u00e1val kapcsolatban, ami minket is aggaszt.<\/p>\n<p>Teh\u00e1t el\u0151sz\u00f6r is hat\u00e1rozzuk meg a kiindul\u00e1si felt\u00e9teleket. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nagyon sok elektronikus v\u00e9d\u0151kulcsunk van.<\/li>\n<li>Hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00fck sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 f\u00f6ldrajzi helyekr\u0151l.<\/li>\n<li>Csak az USB over IP hardvermegold\u00e1sokat vizsg\u00e1ljuk, \u00e9s pr\u00f3b\u00e1ljuk meg a megold\u00e1st biztons\u00e1goss\u00e1 tenni tov\u00e1bbi szervezeti \u00e9s technikai int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek bevezet\u00e9s\u00e9vel (alternat\u00edv\u00e1k nem ker\u00fclnek megvitat\u00e1sra).<\/li>\n<li>A cikk keretein bel\u00fcl nem fogom teljesen r\u00e9szletezni a vizsg\u00e1lt fenyeget\u00e9si modelleket (sok mindent meg lehet n\u00e9zni a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/422329\/\">publik\u00e1ci\u00f3<\/a><\/noindex>), de v\u00e1zlatosan k\u00e9t pontra szeretn\u00e9k kit\u00e9rni. Kik\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00f6lj\u00fck a modellb\u0151l a t\u00e1rsadalmi manipul\u00e1ci\u00f3t \u00e9s a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k illeg\u00e1lis cselekedeteit. Azt vizsg\u00e1ljuk, hogy milyen lehet\u0151s\u00e9gek vannak az USB eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z val\u00f3 jogosulatlan hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9sre b\u00e1rmelyik h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl hogy rendelkez\u00e9s\u00fcnkre \u00e1lln\u00e1nak a szok\u00e1sos bel\u00e9p\u00e9si adatok.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"USB over IP hardvermegold\u00e1sok inform\u00e1ci\u00f3biztons\u00e1ga\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/19b201d89a6f7face278ad9e3159e388.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAz USB eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s biztons\u00e1ga \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 szervezeti \u00e9s technikai int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket hoztuk:<\/p>\n<p>1. Szervezeti biztons\u00e1gi int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek. <\/p>\n<p>Az ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott USB over IP koncentr\u00e1tor olyan z\u00e1rhat\u00f3, kulcsos szerverszekr\u00e9nybe van telep\u00edtve, amely biztos\u00edtja a fizikai hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st (bel\u00e9ptet\u0151 rendszer a helyis\u00e9gbe, videokamer\u00e1s megfigyel\u00e9s, kulcsok \u00e9s hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si jogok egy sz\u0171k k\u00f6r sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra).<\/p>\n<p>A szervezet\u00fcnkben haszn\u00e1lt USB eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket h\u00e1rom csoportra osztottuk:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kritikus. P\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi elektronikus al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sok \u2013 a bankok aj\u00e1nl\u00e1sai szerint haszn\u00e1ljuk (nem USB over IP-n kereszt\u00fcl)<\/li>\n<li>Fontos. Elektronikus al\u00e1\u00edr\u00e1sok kereskedelmi platformokhoz, szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokhoz, elektronikus dokumentumokhoz, jelent\u00e9sekhez stb., egyes szoftverekhez tartoz\u00f3 kulcsok \u2013 ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott USB over IP koncentr\u00e1torral haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k \u0151ket.<\/li>\n<li>Nem kritikus. Sz\u00e1mos kulcs szoftverekhez, kamer\u00e1k, n\u00e9h\u00e1ny Flash mem\u00f3ria \u00e9s nem kritikus inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t tartalmaz\u00f3 lemezek, USB modemek \u2013 ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott USB over IP koncentr\u00e1torral haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k \u0151ket.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n2. Technikai biztons\u00e1gi int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek.<\/p>\n<p>A ki\u00e9p\u00edtett USB over IP koncentr\u00e1torhoz val\u00f3 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag egy elszigetelt alm\u0171veleten bel\u00fcl biztos\u00edtott. Az elszigetelt alm\u0171velethez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 forr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>termin\u00e1l szerverek farmj\u00e1b\u00f3l, <\/li>\n<li>VPN-en kereszt\u00fcl (tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1ny \u00e9s jelsz\u00f3) korl\u00e1tozott sz\u00e1m\u00fa sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p \u00e9s laptop sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, a VPN-en \u00e1lland\u00f3 c\u00edmeket kapnak,<\/li>\n<li>VPN-alagutak r\u00e9v\u00e9n, amelyek \u00f6sszekapcsolj\u00e1k a region\u00e1lis irod\u00e1kat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA DistKontrolUSB USB over IP koncentr\u00e1tor legjobban kezelt funkci\u00f3i a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Az USB eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9hez az USB over IP koncentr\u00e1tor haszn\u00e1l SSL titkos\u00edt\u00e1st (a koncentr\u00e1toron a titkos\u00edt\u00e1s enged\u00e9lyezve van), b\u00e1r lehet, hogy ez m\u00e1r felesleges.<\/li>\n<li>Be van \u00e1ll\u00edtva az \"USB eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s IP c\u00edm alapj\u00e1n t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sa\". Az IP c\u00edm alapj\u00e1n a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3nak enged\u00e9lyezhet\u0151 vagy megtilthat\u00f3 a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s a hozz\u00e1rendelt USB eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z.<\/li>\n<li>Be van \u00e1ll\u00edtva az \"USB porthoz val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sa bejelentkez\u00e9s \u00e9s jelsz\u00f3 alapj\u00e1n\". Ennek megfelel\u0151en a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9si jogokat kaptak az USB eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z. <\/li>\n<li>\"USB eszk\u00f6zh\u00f6z val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sa bejelentkez\u00e9s \u00e9s jelsz\u00f3 alapj\u00e1n\" haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t elvetett\u00fck, mivel az \u00f6sszes USB kulcs \u00e1lland\u00f3an csatlakozik az USB over IP koncentr\u00e1torhoz, \u00e9s nem cser\u00e9lgetj\u00fck \u0151ket egyik portra a m\u00e1sikra. Sz\u00e1munkra \u00e9sszer\u0171bb hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st biztos\u00edtani a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3knak az USB portra, amelyhez hossz\u00fa t\u00e1von csatlakoztatva van egy USB eszk\u00f6z.<\/li>\n<li>Az USB portok fizikai bekapcsol\u00e1sa \u00e9s kikapcsol\u00e1sa a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k \u00e1ltal t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik:\n<ul>\n<li>Szoftver \u00e9s EDO kulcsok eset\u00e9ben - a koncentr\u00e1tor \u00e1ltal \u00fctemezett feladatok seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel (bizonyos kulcsokat reggel 9.00-ra \u00e9s este 18.00-ra programoztunk, m\u00e1sokat 13.00-t\u00f3l 16.00-ig);<\/li>\n<li>Kereskedelmi piacok \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 szoftver kulcsok eset\u00e9ben - azokkal a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3kkal, akik jogosults\u00e1ggal rendelkeznek a WEB fel\u00fcleten kereszt\u00fcl;<\/li>\n<li>Kamer\u00e1k, valamint nem kritikus inform\u00e1ci\u00f3kat tartalmaz\u00f3 USB flash meghajt\u00f3k \u00e9s lemezek - mindig be vannak kapcsolva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n Tervezz\u00fck, hogy ez a hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s szervez\u00e9si m\u00f3d biztons\u00e1gos haszn\u00e1latot biztos\u00edt az USB eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>region\u00e1lis irod\u00e1kb\u00f3l (felt\u00e9telezhet\u0151en NET \u21161 \u2026\u2026 NET \u2116 N), <\/li>\n<li>korl\u00e1tozott sz\u00e1m\u00fa sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9p \u00e9s laptop sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, amelyek USB eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket csatlakoztatnak a glob\u00e1lis h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton kereszt\u00fcl, <\/li>\n<li>az alkalmaz\u00e1s termin\u00e1l szerverein k\u00f6zz\u00e9tett felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA megjegyz\u00e9sekben szeretn\u00e9nk hallani konkr\u00e9t gyakorlati int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket, amelyek n\u00f6velik az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3biztons\u00e1got az USB eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kh\u00f6z val\u00f3 glob\u00e1lis hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9s biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<br \/>\n<br \/>Forr\u00e1s: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/448110\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 USB over IP, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442. \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23546,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e 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